游戏教学法在线上汉语教学中的应用

田佳慧

游戏教学法在线下汉语教学中十分常见，不仅可以活跃课堂气氛、调动学生的积极性，还能辅助教师实现更好的教学互动。如何将游戏教学法灵活地运用于线上汉语教学课堂呢？下面我将从拼音、汉字、词汇、语法等四个角度结合具体教学案例，对线上汉语教学中游戏教学法的应用进行分享，希望可以为一线的汉语教师，尤其是在云端授课的教师们提供一些教学思路。

Game-based teaching methods are very commonin offline Chinese language teaching. They not onlyliven up the classroom and motivate students but alsoassist teachers in promoting class interactions. Howcan we exibly use game-based teaching methods inonline Chinese language teaching？ In the following，I will share the adoption of game-based teachingmethods in online Chinese language teaching fromfour aspects： Pinyin， Chinese characters， vocabulary，and grammar， combined with speci c teaching cases.I hope this can provide some insights for frontlineChinese language teachers， especially those who areteaching in the online environment.

一、拼音

拼音是漢语学习的第一步，学会了拼音就可以读出所有汉字。然而，记忆拼音却不是一件简单的事情，尤其对于一些有英语基础的学生来说，拼音字母的读音极易和英文字母的读音混淆。在拼音教学中，如果通过反复纠正偏误来加强学生记忆，不免机械又沉闷。

Pinyin is the rst step in learning Chinese， as it allows one to pronounce all Chinesecharacters. However， memorizing Pinyin is not a simple task， especially for students witha background in English， as pronunciations of Pinyin letters can easily be confused withthose of English letters. In Pinyin teaching， it can be quite mechanical and dull to correctmistakes repeatedly in order to strengthen students’ memory.

在学习HSK1级拼音部分时，我会通过游戏来复习拼音知识，如摘苹果、识卡片接龙、走迷宫等。以摘苹果游戏为例，学生做好准备后，音频开始播放，写着拼音的苹果从屏幕上方掉落。学生需在苹果接触地面前准确读出拼音，读对的苹果将被教师操纵接到篮子里，读错或来不及读出拼音的苹果会消失；前一个苹果消失的时候，下一个苹果会立即开始掉落，直到树上所有苹果落下，游戏结束。在这个游戏中，学生会不断地努力，尝试将所有苹果都接到篮子里，也会有部分学生想增加训练难度，加快每一个苹果的下落速度。完成多次摘苹果游戏后，学生的拼音认读能力都得到了很大的提升。

Given this， when teaching Pinyin to HSK Level 1 students， Ihave introduced several games to review what they have learnt，such as “Picking Apples”， “Matching Cards”， and “NavigatingMazes”. Taking the example of “picking apples”， when students areprepared， an audio starts playing， and apples labeled with Pinyinfall from the top of the screen. Students need to accurately read thePinyin before the apples touch the ground. Apples read correctlyare “picked” by the teacher and placed in a basket， while applesread incorrectly or not read in time disappear. When one appledisappears， the next apple immediately starts falling until all theapples on the tree have fallen in the end. In this game， studentscontinuously make e orts to try to catch all the apples， and somemay even want to increase the training di culty by speeding up thedescent of each apple. A er completing multiple rounds， students’abilities in Pinyin recognition and pronunciation will be improvedgreatly.

二、汉字

方方正正的汉字承载了中华上下五千年的文明，由最早的象形字演变至今，每一个汉字都穿越了历史的长河，沉淀着中华民族发展的印迹。对于母语非汉语的学习者，写好汉字并不容易。有很多学生在初学汉字笔画的时候，会将汉字笔画与绘画线条混淆，甚至会把一些笔画较少的汉字用绘画的方式画出来。在线上汉语教学中，如何才能在空间受限的云端课堂激发学生对汉字学习的兴趣呢？我们不妨也引入游戏教学法来试一试。

Chinese characters， which look square andupright， are the symbol of Chinese civilization overthe past five thousand years. Evolving from theearliest pictograms to the present， each Chinesecharacter has traversed the river of history， bearingthe imprint of the development of the Chinesenation. For learners whose native language is notChinese， writing Chinese characters is not easy.Many students， when they first start learning thestrokes of Chinese characters， may confuse Chinesecharacter strokes with drawing lines and may even“draw” some characters with fewer strokes as if theywere painting pictures. In online Chinese languageteaching， how can we spark students’ interest inlearning Chinese characters in the limited space ofvirtual classrooms？ We can consider introducinggame-based teaching methods as well.

以HSK初學者为例，我们可以采用将象形字和汉字部件拆分重组的游戏，辅助学生进行汉字记忆。其中，以象形字为切入点引导学生记忆汉字，是一种较为有效的手段。在HSK1级的初级班，学生会对一个汉字为什么代表这样或那样的意义表示好奇，在云端课堂恰好可以利用他们的这一疑惑，以汉字的由来为主线，将其象形图与汉字放在同一画面，展示给学生。比如，在学习“人”这个字的时候，学生通常会写成“入”。这时，教师可以展示人站立的图片，并提醒同学们想象“人”字展示的是一个人侧身站立的样子；而“入”与“出”字相对，指从外入内，其甲骨文像一个尖头的东西，尖的东西容易进入，其金文和篆体字则像一个屋顶、房屋的样子。

Taking HSK beginners as an example， wecan use games that break down and recombinepictograms and Chinese character components tohelp students memorize Chinese characters. Startingwith pictograms is an effective approach in helpingstudents remember Chinese characters. In a beginner’sclass at HSK Level 1， students are o en curious aboutwhy a Chinese character represents a particularmeaning. In the online classroom， we can satisfytheir curiosity by placing pictograms and Chinesecharacters on the screen to show students the originof Chinese characters. For example， when learningthe character 人 （rén， person）， students o en write itas 入 （rù， enter）. The teacher can show a picture of aperson standing and remind students to imagine thatthe character 人 represents the sideways stance of aperson. On the other hand， 入， which means “enter”， isthe opposite of 出 （chū）， meaning “exit”. Oracle bonescript depicts 入 as a pointed object which can easilyenter， while in bronze script and seal script， it lookslike a roof or a house.

这样的教学训练一方面可以将汉字本身所代表的文化意思直观生动地表现出来，另一方面也可以提高学生记忆汉字的效率。

Such training can not only vividly depictthe cultural meaning represented by Chinesecharacters but also improve the efficiency ofstudents’ memorization of Chinese characters.

三、词汇

词汇是汉语沟通和表达的基础，想要说好汉语就必须掌握词汇的含义和用法。学习一门新的语言总要经历枯燥的词汇记忆过程，如何才能让词汇记忆变得更加轻松有趣呢？游戏教学法在这一部分也可以起到一定的作用。

Vocabulary forms the foundation of communication andexpression in Chinese. To speak Chinese fluently， one must masterthe meanings and usage of vocabulary. Learninga new language usually involves the tediousprocess of memorizing vocabulary. How can wemake vocabulary memorization more enjoyableand engaging？ Game-based teaching methodscan play a signi cant role in this aspect as well.

在线上汉语教学中，我常用的是转盘游戏：学生需要在转盘停下的那一刻，用汉语说出指针所指图片代表的词汇。每个人都有机会转动转盘，也会转到不同的图片；每转动一次转盘，就是帮助学生回想一次词汇的表达。如此，学生在不经意间就完成了多次复习。紧张又有趣的节奏活跃了课堂氛围，同时又在不知不觉中帮助学生完成了词汇的多次记忆。

In my online Chinese classes， I often play a turnable game. In this game，students need to speak the Chinese word that corresponds to the pictureindicated by the turnable when it comes to a stop. Everyone has the opportunityto spin the turnable， and they will land on different pictures. Each spinrepresents an opportunity for students to recall a word. In this way， studentscomplete multiple reviews of vocabulary without even realizing it. e lively andexciting pace of the game livens up the classroom atmosphere， while studentsinadvertently reinforce their vocabulary memory.

四、語法

语法是语言的精髓，正确使用语法规则，才能正确地表达出自己的想法。学习汉语语法也需要勤学多练，所以我的云端课堂上设置了很多游戏来帮助学生进行语法练习。

Grammar is the essence of language， and masteringgrammar rules correctly is essential for expressing one’sthoughts accurately. Learning Chinese grammar alsorequires diligent practice， so I have incorporated manygames in my online classes to help students practicegrammar.

比如，在学习了HSK1级第九课“你儿子在哪儿工作”后，我通过抽卡片的形式引导学生练习学过的语法点。每张卡片上都有一组词汇，学生需要仿照示例用所给词汇造至少三个句子。

For example， a er teaching HSK Level 1， Lesson 9，“你儿子在哪儿工作？” （Where Does Your Son Work？），I guide students to practice the grammar points theyhave learned through a ashcard game. Each ashcardcontains a set of vocabulary， and students need tocreate at least three sentences following the examplesprovided.

在HSK1级第13课“他在学做中国菜呢”中，学习重点是打电话的常用语，所以我就以云端模拟电话的形式进行了复习。在游戏开始前，我准备了几组带有不同图案的电话号码，学生可以选择一个作为自己的号码。之后，我会随机读出一个号码当作给该号码拨通电话，选择了该号码的学生需要接起电话、进行对话，并在结束对话后随机读出下一个号码“打”给下一个学生，依此类推，直到全班学生都接完电话。

In HSK Level 1， Lesson 13， “他在学做中国菜呢” （He Is Learning to CookChinese Food）， the focus is on commonphrases used in phone conversations.So， I conduct a review in the form of asimulated phone call during the onlineclass. Before the game begins， I prepareseveral sets of phone numbers withdifferent patterns， and students canchoose one as their own number. Then，I randomly dial a number to make a call，and the student who has that numberneeds to answer the call， engage in aconversation， and， after finishing theconversation， randomly dial the nextnumber to “call” the next student， and soon， until all the students have answered acall.

高速发展的网络科技让我们与来自天南地北的学生在云端相聚相识，丰富多样的教学方法让我们把文化和快乐传递。我们期待能早日在中国相遇！

e rapidly advancing technology of the Internet allows us to connect with studentsfrom all over the globe and the variety of teaching methods enables us to transmit cultureand joy. We look forward to meeting in China in person soon！