篇首语

吴春花

《建筑技艺》（AT）执行主编

江立敏

同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司副总建筑师

过去三年的新冠疫情，不仅对城市和社会造成了冲击，也在大学校园中产生了一些影响，引发了建筑师和规划师群体对大学校园中韧性、恢复性与可持续性的探讨。为此，本期特别邀请同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司副总建筑师、建筑设计四院院长江立敏作为客座主编，从认知、理念到规划、建筑实践来对韧性校园进行系统梳理与呈现。

韧性校园理念引申拓展自“韧性城市”概念，“韧性城市”是指城市能够凭自身的能力抵御灾害、减轻灾害损失，并合理调配资源以从灾害中快速恢复过来。韧性（Resilience）包含弹性、适应性、可持续发展等概念。当代中国的大学校园是一个建成环境与使用者高度聚集的活力社区和空间，具备一定的城市和社会空间属性。当我们将“韧性城市”概念引申到校园环境——“韧性校园”，指大学校园中的系统与要素在面临重大风险与挑战时，仍能保持适应性和弹性，维持校园内学习、科研与生活的持续运作，具备动态调整、变化以适应外在环境的能力。

在当下这个时间点，韧性校园的讨论部分缘起自新冠疫情的冲击，我们看到黄献明等从疫情灾害视角介绍了康复大学规划，刘宇波等以华南理工大学为例基于人流模拟方法进行了疫情防控的专项研究。但是面对未来，我们更需要关注校园系统未来发展的体系。江立敏尝试系统梳理韧性校园的概念内涵与核心议题，并在此基础上尝试提出韧性校园的规划框架和内容及规划方法初探。高崧、袁玮从弹性设计角度提出的《韧性大学校园认知》与董丹申结合实践阐述的《韧性大学校园中营造和合共生》，针对如何认知韧性校园及怎样从规划、建筑角度聚焦大学校园面临的宏观挑战与微观议题进行了深入讨论。

回到韧性校园的规划，涵盖策划、规划与设计、运营与管理、调整与更新等全生命周期阶段，需要在不断的运行与反馈、韧性挑战冲击后调整与适应，在面向未来发展目标的审视中动态更新。其中，动态一方面指应对突发和扰动时的动态调整和阈值空间，另一方面指在全生命周期内的动态调整和学习适应。在已经建成使用的北京电影学院怀柔新校区与刚刚建成的中国科学技术大学高新园区学生生活社区中，建筑师们根据不同院校的特点大胆尝试了集约、开放、复合、共享的设计，并通过使用后评估加以验证。

过去三年的经历触发了很多新的思考，也激发我们探索更可持续、更具韧性的校园规划建设，相信未来可期。

The COVID-19 epidemic has not only impacted cities and societies but also had effects on university campuses,prompting architects and planners to explore resilience,recovery and sustainability of university campuses.In this issue,we invite Jiang Limin as the guest editor-in-chief to sort out and present resilient campuses from awareness and concept to planning and practice.

The concept of "resilient campus" is derived from "resilient city",which refers to a city's ability to withstand disasters on its own,mitigate damage and rationally deploy resources to recover quickly from disasters.While "resilient campus" means that the systems and elements of a campus remain adaptable and resilient in the face of risks and challenges,and can maintain continuous operation,with the ability to dynamically adjust to adapt to the external environment.

At this point,the discussion of resilient campus is partly due to COVID-19.Huang Xianming et al.introduce Rehabilitation University planning from an epidemic disaster perspective.Liu Yubo et al.introduce a study on epidemic prevention and control based on a pedestrian flow simulation method.But we also need to focus more on the system for the future development of campuses.Jiang Limin sorts out the conceptual connotation and core issues and propose a planning framework and content for the resilient campus.Gao Song and Yuan Wei put forward the concept of resilient university campus from the aspect of resilient design.Dong Danshen elaborates on the idea of creating harmonious symbiosis in the resilient campus.

The resilient campus planning covers the entire lifecycle of planning,design,operation,management,adjustment and renovation.It needs adjustment and adaptation after the impact of challenges,and dynamic updates toward future goals.The "dynamism" refers to both the dynamic adjustment and threshold range in response to emergencies and disturbances,and the dynamic adjustment and learning adaptation during the whole lifecycle.In the Huairou Campus of Beijing Film Academy,and the student living community of the University of Science and Technology of China,the architects have boldly used intensive,open,composite and shared design strategies according to the campus characteristics,and verified them through post-use evaluations.