The Study of Chinese Characters and Language

June, 2022

LI Yuming, ZHOU Xiang, A New Organization and a New Business Type of Language Education

Language education, especially the language education in the future, is developed by all kinds of information technology, and integrated by forms of intelligence online and off line. To adapt to the new situation and meet requirements of the development of education, a new organization of language education should be rebuilt. The production, exchange and allocation of such new types of educational elements as educational technology, educational resources and educational data have gone beyond the scope of the school, which requires participation and support from the society, thus forming a new business type of the education industry. The new organization and the new business type of language education need market operation, credit certif ication, standard support, policy support and government supervision to guarantee a good social soft environment. From the perspective of the international Chinese education, this paper attempts to construct a new system of “three circles” which adapts to the integrated development of online and offline language education, to make realizable the further development of language education and even general education.

Key Words:language education, International Chinese Education, new organization, new business type

WU Liye, A Review of The General and Standard Chinese Characters Table

The General and Standard Chinese Characters Table, published in2013 and used for 12 years,has attracted extensive public attention. This article, by clarifying the movement of Chinese character standardization since the 20th century, based on the draft, stage for advice and f inal publication of this table, through a clarif ication of its compiling principles and problems, centers on the reviews from the academic circles on this table, in order to point out the insuff iciency of this table and put forward new suggestions for its improvement.

Key Words:The General and Standard Chinese Characters Table, Compiling, Research, Advice

ZHEN Dacheng, A Micro-historical Study of Hebei Haner Spoken Language in the First Half of the 6th Century

Based on the supplementary historical materials of “ Southern History ”, “ Liangshu·Houjingzhuan”and other relevant literature, this paper attempts to take the Houjing conversations recorded in these materials as the core and describe the lexical and grammatical components that can generally ref lect the spoken language at that time from the micro level, so as to explore one of the spots of “ Haner ” spoken language centered around Hebei province in the f irst half of the 6th century. By exemplif ication and analysis, this paper puts forward some preliminary understandings of 44 oral components in Houjing’s conversation, and proposes to grasp and analyze the oral language of specif ic historical f igures from the perspective of micro-history, so as to present the details and prospect of Chinese oral history.

Key Words:Micro history, Houjing, Haner, oral language

LIU Xiaoxing，A Study of Different Texts and Words in Jing LV Yi Xiang

Due to the mixed use of characters, phonetic loanwords, vulgar words, words in a wrong order,and the increase of words, a large number of different texts are produced in different versions of Jing LV Yi Xiang. By clarifying the relationship between the original text and the words used in the different text,we can distinguish the different text of Jing LV Yi Xiang and restore its original appearance. In addition,it can provide help, by the relationship between the words used in the original text, different texts and related documents, for the study of the relationship between Medieval Chinese characters and words.

Key Words:Jing LV Yi Xiang, variant reading, relationship between characters and words

ZHANG Ke, On the “Ba” Sentences in Nie Hai Hua

This paper uses the method of econometrics and statistics to make an exhaustive investigation of the “Ba” sentences in Nie Hai Hua. On the basis of the classified description of the “Ba” sentences, this paper compares them with the “Ba” sentences in modern Chinese,and explores the development and changes of the “Ba” sentence from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China.

Key Words:The sentence of “Ba”, Syntactic structure, Semantic analysis

FU Yu, A Textual Research on Qian-jia Periods by Close Reading--Taking the Text of“neng bu wo zhi（能不我知）” as an Example

The close reading refers to a full interpretation of the structure and language of the text, so as to explore the implication of the text. This method into the textual research will help to make a comprehensive and objective analysis and evaluation of the text. We take the text of “neng bu wo zhi (能不我知)” in Jing Yi Shu Wen (《经义述闻》) as an example to show how to analyze a text of Qian-jia periods by close reading.Through the close reading of the text, we convert the textual structure into a content structure, so that the textual ideas can be revealed. On this basis, we carefully expose the textual methods, ideas, and scientif ic principles behind the excellent texts. It is hoped that these attempts can improve the scientif ic textual research and provide a theoretical reference for the practice of textual research.

Key Words:Close reading, Textual Research of Qian-jia periods, Jing Yi Shu Wen(《经义述闻》)

WEN Min, The Core Meaning of the Term “Gujinzi” from the Perspective of the Academic History

There are two tendencies for the core meaning of the traditional exegesis term “Gujinzi” in modern studies. This paper holds that “Gujinzi” refers to the record of one word by different characters.Its core meaning can be understood from three levels: to explain the word by focusing on the relationship between different characters rather than on study the evolution of Chinese characters; to record the same word rather than different words; to take diachronic standard rather than glyph associations.

Key Words:Academic history, Gujinzi, exegesis, diachronic standard, glyph link

SHI Wenlei, Notes on the Interpretation of “zhi wu zhi ye” in Lunyu Zihan

The interpretation of “止吾止也 zhi wu zhi ye” and “进吾往也 jin wu wang ye” in 《论语·子罕》Lunyu Zihan has long been controversial. Th is paper, based on the history of its interpretation, tends to analyze three relative viewpoints , including 建功宜笃 jian gong yi du, which means “be persistent to work”, 为仁由己 wei ren you ji, which means “it is the person herself/himself who can complete the work”, and 唯义与比 wei yi yu bi, which means “to do what (s)he should do”. The scrutiny of the three viewpoints is mainly from the perspective of syntax, i.e., the distribution of the f irst pronouns 吾 wu and我 wo. It is safe to conclude that the f irst two viewpoints are untenable, while the third one is reasonable and reliable. It is also argued that it is necessary to take the syntax into consideration when interpretating the classical texts.

Key Words:Zhi wu zhi ye, Wu/wo, Focus, Topic

LUO Tao, A Supplementary Interpretation of Zhi Zheng Zhi Dao (治政之道) Collected in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Volume 9

The character Si (祀) in the Yan ji shu si (脠庶祀)in the eighth bamboo slip should be read as Si (嗣), which is of Shu si (庶嗣) meaning many descendants. The word Ji () in the 28th bamboo slip is a word specially made for representing the meaning of Zhi (至). Qu lu(趣鹿) can be read as Chu lu (雏鹿), Qing huang (青黄) as Qing huang (青璜). In the 43rd bamboo slip, Shi (示)should be read as Zhi (祇). Qi (祈) should be read as Ji (刏), which refers to a sacrif ice of dividing Sacrif icial animals.

Key Words:Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Volume 9, Zhi Zheng Zhi Dao (治政之道)

LI Jiaxi, A Textual Research on Song Xing’s Pronunciation

The Grand Dictionary of Chinese Characters, the Grand Dictionary of Chinese Vocabularies and The Etymology all mark Song Xing’s “钘” with phonetic symbols as jiān, which is wrong. The word “钘” is pronounced the same as “井” and is read only as xíng, not jiān. Shuo Wen mistakenly believed the word “钘” had the similar sound as “幵”. According to Guo Xiang, Song Xing’s “钘” is read as “坚”, which was the same mistake as that in Shuo Wen. Song Xing is also known as Song Jing and Song Rongzi. “钘” is used in common with “牼” and “荣”, which is also the evidence that “钘”should be pronounced xíng.

Key Words:Song Xing, Pronunciation, xíng

LIU Siwen, An Academic Overview of Mr. Li Yunyi

Mr. Li Yunyi is a famous linguist and lexicist in contemporary China. In his academic career of more than 60 years, Mr. Li has been focusing on the study of Chinese history, the compilation of ancient books, the compilation of dictionaries and the promotion of Mandarin. He , by a series of academic achievements, has been recognized and praised by the academic community, making important contributions to the continence of Chinese scholarship. This paper analyzes Mr. Li’s academic life,achievements, thoughts, strategies and characteristics, as well as his academic inheritance, to provide some inspiration and reference for scholars today.

Key Words:Li Yunyi, Academic, Linguistics, Textual research