Reading and Blank-filling

语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1

Lions， tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1 （avoid） human beings， a new study finds.

Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2  people. By being awake at night， animals can also be on guard against possible 3 （enemy） and spend less time looking for food.

The latest research found even activities like 4 （farm） and camping can frighten animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5 had been studied were lions in Tanzania， tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6 （careful） how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities， such as hunting and farming. 7 was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night-time activities， even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8 （publish） in the journal Science two months ago.

The new findings are unusual because no one else 9 （look） at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10 （surprise） that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.

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2

Iceland is a land of volcanoes. Nowhere is 1 （evident） than on the Westman Islands off the southern coast of Iceland. Here， 2 （century） of volcanic eruptions formed many eye-catching sea cliffs （懸崖）， among 3  one stands out： A part of the volcano-formed coast on Heimaey looks exactly like the head of a large elephant 4 （stick） its trunk in the water.

In fact， it looks so much like an elephant that many people think it must have been shaped by humans. That is not 5  case， however. The elephant's realistic 6 （appear） is， at least partially， due to the fact that the cliff 7 （consist） of a special rock. The rock gives the figure “skin” that looks wrinkled and gray， just like that of a real elephant.

The most common theory is that the rock formations came from the Eldfell Volcano， which 8 （erupt） many times since the 1940s.

In spite of the strong resemblance to an elephant， some people 9 （actual） see something different when they look at the rock formation. They see the fictional character Cthulhu， a sea beast.

Whether you see an elephant 10 a fictional beast， as one of many attractions on Heimaey， the rock does draw curious sightseers.

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3

Do you enjoy 1 （explore） the great outdoors？ Lately， rock climbing has become very popular. Cliff ecosystems are home 2  many living things. Since climbing is a 3 （fair） new activity， we don't know its impact （影響） on cliff ecosystems.

Here， we studied how climbers affect birds that nest on cliffs. We 4 （select） cliffs that face different directions. Half of the cliffs are visited by lots of climbers and half by very few climbers.5 （compare） the number and species of birds on these different cliffs， we found that east-facing cliffs have the 6 （great） number and diversity of birds. Our results show that north-facing cliffs are the best option for new climbing routes 7  it comes to protecting wildlife. Our solution may help the area to handle the growing number of climbers while protecting cliff ecosystems.

Our results show that rock climbing doesn't impact the number of birds on a cliff， but it does reduce the diversity of birds on each cliff. Our study helps us understand 8  living things respond to rock climbing. But we need to keep in mind that each climbing area has 9 （it） own unique conditions. We need to study the 10 （combine） impacts of natural and human factors for every location.

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4

Video game addiction is a term that 1 （use） for years by parents and mental health professionals 2  believe that it's a real disorder. Now， there's more weight behind their 3 （argue）： The World Health Organization （WHO） has included “gaming disorder” as a new mental health condition 4 （list） in the 11th edition of its International Classification of Diseases.

According to WHO， there are three major criteria （標准） for the diagnosis of gaming disorder： Gaming takes preference over other 5 （activity） so much that a person often gives up 6 （do） other things， a person continues gaming even when 7  causes problems in their life or they feel that they can't stop， and gaming causes 8 （serious） problems than people expect. If children get addicted into a game for a few days， but go back to normal after that， they wouldn't suffer from it. Instead， people must engage in this behavior for at least 12 months.

WHO says that all people who participate 9  gaming should be aware that gaming disorder is a real condition， and it's 10 （importance） to be aware of how often they play video games. However， they also point out that gaming disorder only affects a small amount of people who play video games.

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5

The unbearable winter chill can't stop their steps. With curiosity and excitement 1 （village） at the foot of Mount Qomolangma hurry up to open their parcels at a delivery office. At an altitude of 4，119 meters， this is the world's highest delivery service station.

Before that local people had to spend around four hours 2 （collect） parcels from the county center. But the delivery office brings great 3 （convenient） and therefore encourages more people 4 （order） online. The office handled only 17 parcels in 5 （it） first month. But thanks to the fast-growing logistics （物流） industry， the number has grown 6 （steady） to an average of 200 per month. Not only 7  the number of parcels increased， but the items being delivered have become richer in variety. Though people in China's eastern regions may take it 8  granted， the delivery office indeed makes a difference for the local people.

TseringDekvia， 25-year-old primary school teacher in the town 9 （be） a big fan of online shopping since university. She said， “It is out of my expectations 10 we can have a delivery service here.” Now the service can help people in remote areas explore a different world.

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6

Schoolwork can be stressful sometimes， especially in the final year of high school， which can affect our health. Therefore， finding a good way to deal with pressure 1 （be） important. I just discovered my new favorite method： trampolining （蹦床運动）！

The door opens and you are amazed 2 （see） people jumping and flying around like superheroes. The trampoline park is full of 3 （color） trampolines. For beginners， it is the best area to start.

It was a little bit 4 （frighten） at the beginning， as we could hardly walk on the trampolines.5 when I started to jump， I felt all the stress leave my body. After jumping for a while， I 6 （lie） down and closed my eyes， 7 （imagine） I had become a bird that could touch the sky.

There were some other bouncing （弹跳） activities. My favorite one was the basketball dunking （扣篮） area， 8  included a basketball hoop above runway trampolines. With the power of bouncing， I could dunk 9  NBA superstars. It was not only relaxing， but also fun！

While outdoor activities 10 （large） depend on the weather， indoor trampoline parks are really good places to go whenever you want to have a good time.

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7

Over 2，200 years ago， Emperor Qin Shihuang， the first Emperor in Chinese history， established the official Chinese writing characters . The new， 1 （simplify） characters made writing calligraphy （書法） less complicated. It allowed people to use characters with more straight strokes （笔画）， thus 2 （make） it easier to write with brushes. This 3 （create） the Li genre （类型）. Over time， other variations were also developed， 4 eventually led to the formation of the five genres in Chinese calligraphy. As 5 result， calligraphy became 6 （wide） accepted.

Calligraphy also had its practical values because it was a good way to make friends and was more presentable as a gift rather than jewelry or money. Does calligraphy still have these practical functions now？ Yes . Many people practice calligraphy as a way 7 （raise） their cultural accomplishment. Older people use calligraphic 8 （write） to keep fit. They believe that when a person concentrates on writing calligraphy， his inner well-being is inspired. I had thought computer would lead to the 9 （disappear） of Chinese calligraphy. Now I understand that's not likely to happen. How can you give your boss computer-printed calligraphy as a gift？ You don't， 10 you want him to fire you！

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8

In many places like Britain and Italy， if you leave the house without your wallet， you'll be in a tough situation all day. But in China， you can enjoy your day just 1 a smartphone.

The other day， I set out 2 （see） how far a phone would get me in the country's capital. Admittedly， I was surprised to discover how 3 （convenience） it was.

I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend， Gu Yu， 4 would guide me to get around Beijing. We paid for breakfast by scanning （掃描） a QR code on the window of a restaurant 5（sell） jianbing， one of China's most popular street breakfasts. My purchase cost 6 yuan and 6（take） just a few seconds. At a nearby coffee shop， 7 （it） owner scanned a QR code on my phone. As we sipped our coffee， Gu Yu paid her household water bill. She used the same simple process to pay other bills and even her rent. We also paid by phone for our movie tickets， takeout food， shopping and for 8 （deliver）.

I have known from Gu Yu that from tiny street stands to large chains， 9 huge number of people accept mobile payment， 10 （most） through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.

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