circRNA_000203在HIV-1感染儿童疾病进展的表达与临床意义

2022-07-18 05:14韦武均梁楚晗黄春传黄美金韦安吉张英杰黄晶晶黎作茶王春芳
右江医学 2022年6期
关键词:儿童

韦武均 梁楚晗 黄春传 黄美金 韦安吉 张英杰 黄晶晶 黎作茶 王春芳

【摘要】目的檢测环状RNA(circRNA)_000203在人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)感染儿童外周血单个核细胞中表达,探讨其表达与HIV-1感染儿童的临床意义。方法收集71例HIV-1感染儿童与71例体检正常儿童外周血,分离单个核细胞,采用RT-PCR检测单个核细胞中circRNA_000203表达,统计分析HIV-1感染儿童与正常组表达差异,以及HIV-1不同进展期的表达差异,并分析circRNA_000203表达与CD4细胞数、病毒载量的相关性。结果HIV-1感染的儿童组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.001),HIV进展患儿组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量高于HIV长期未进展患儿组(P<0.001);而ART(antiretroviral therapy)无响应患儿组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量高于ART响应患儿组(P<0.001)。HIV-1感染儿童中circRNA_000203相对表达量与CD4细胞数成反比(R=-0.332,P=0.005),与HIV-1病毒载量成正比(R=0.390,P<0.001)。结论circRNA_000203与HIV-1感染相关,且可能与HIV-1感染预后不良相关,可能是HIV-1感染儿童的潜在诊断指标。

【关键词】人类免疫缺陷病毒;环状RNA;儿童;诊断指标

中图分类号:R512.91文献标志码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2022.06.005

Expression and clinical significance of circRNA_000203 in

disease progression of HIV-1-infected children

WEI Wujun LIANG Chuhan HUANG Chunchuan HUANG Meijin WEI Anji ZHANG Yingjie HUANG Jingjing LI Zuocha WANG Chunfang

(1a.Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1b. Department of Infectious Diseases, 1.Affiliated Hospital of

Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China; 2. Department of

Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baise, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China)

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect the expression of circular RNA (circRNA)_000203 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children  infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), so as to explore the clinical significance of its expression on HIV-1 infected children. MethodsThe peripheral blood of 71 HIV-1 infected children and 71 normal children with physical examination were collected.   Mononuclear cells were isolated, circRNA_000203 expression in mononuclear cells were detected by RT-PCR, the difference of expressions between HIV-1 infected children and normal group as well as the difference of expressions of HIV-1 at different progressive stages were statistically analyzed. In addition, correlation between the expression of circRNA_000203, the number of CD4 cells and viral load was analyzed. ResultsThe relative expression of circRNA_000203 in HIV-1 infected children group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001), and the relative expression of circRNA_000203 in children with HIV progression was significantly higher than that in children with long-term non progress of HIV(P<0.001). However, the relative expression of circRNA_000203 was higher in ART (antiretroviral therapy) unresponsive group than in ART responsive group(P<0.001). The relative expression of circRNA_000203 in HIV-1 infected children was inversely proportional to the number of CD4 cells (R=-0.332, P=0.005), and directly proportional to the viral load of HIV-1 (R=0.390, P<0.001). ConclusionCircRNA_000203 is associated with HIV-1 infection and may be associated with poor prognosis of HIV-1 infection, which may be a potential diagnostic indicator of HIV-1 infected children.

【Key words】HIV; circRNA; children; diagnostic indicator

人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)仍然是一个全球公共卫生问题,世界卫生组织(WHO)在2019年底报告,全世界有3800万人感染了HIV-1,其中只有67%接受抗逆转录病毒治疗[1]。尽管联合抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)极大地改变了HIV-1感染的治疗,并将其从一种致命的急性疾病转变为一种慢性疾病[2]。而相对成年人,HIV-1感染儿童的疾病进展更快,受感染儿童在感染7年后能保持稳定的CD4计数不足5%[3]。因此,有必要针对HIV-1感染儿童进行深入的机制研究。越来越多的证据表明非编码RNA在HIV-1感染中起关键作用[4~5]。环状RNA(circular RNA, circRNA)是一种环形RNA,具有高组织特异性表达的共价闭合连续环[6]。环形结构稳定性使得其更适合用于疾病的诊断[7]。circRNA_000203在心肌肥厚[8]、心脏成纤维细胞[9]中具有重要调控作用,但其与HIV-1的关系还未见相关报道。本研究旨在探讨circRNA_000203在正常儿童与HIV-1感染儿童的表达差异,以及circRNA_000203表达与HIV-1临床生理病理指标的关系,为进一步揭示HIV-1感染儿童的分子机制提供理论依据,以及HIV-1感染儿童临床诊断提供潜在指标。

1材料与方法

1.1入选样本2014年1月至2020年12月在右江民族医学院附属医院确诊的71名HIV-1感染儿童和71名同龄体检中心HIV-1阴性儿童,性别与年龄一般情况统计见表1。得到右江民族医学院附属医院伦理委员会批准,获得父母/监护人签署的知情同意书。招募的儿童为母婴渠道感染,排除标准:其他感染方式;呼吸道、肠道、肺结核等合并感染;严重脏器疾病。HIV-1受感染的ART未感染儿童被分为26个LTNPs(long-term nonprogressors,长期未进展患者,定义为:保持稳定的CD4计数>500 cell/μL超过7年)和22名进展者(progressors,定义为:年龄<5岁时CD4计数小于25%或年龄>5岁时CD4计数<500 cell/μL或招募前18个月持续降低)[10]。接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的儿童分为两组:14名抗逆转录病毒应答者和9名抗逆转录病毒无应答者(抗逆转录病毒治疗应答者被定义为接受抗逆转录病毒治疗至少6个月的感染儿童,血液中病毒载量得到控制,即小于2000个病毒RNA拷贝/mL。抗逆转录病毒治疗无应答者被定义为接受抗逆转录病毒治疗至少6个月的儿童,血液中病毒载量未得到控制,即大于2000个病毒RNA拷贝/mL[11])。

1.2实验方法

1.2.1CD4计数和病毒载量测量通过定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定血浆病毒载量(COBAS-TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0;罗氏诊断公司)。检测下限为47个HIV-1拷贝/mL。CD4+T细胞计数通过BD流式细胞仪(Canto.2)测定。

1.2.2单个核细胞(PBMC)分离与检测采集HIV-1感染儿童和血清阴性对照中外周血(2~4 mL),于30分钟内以3000 rpm离心10分钟。分离的血浆样本在-80 ℃冷冻保存,以评估细胞因子水平。采用Ficoll(Histopaque公司)梯度离心法分离单个核细胞。使用RNeasy试剂盒(Qiagen公司)提取RNA,并通过纳米光谱法NanoDrop,ND-1000(美国德州威尔明顿热科学公司)进行定量。使用Qiagen T和B细胞活化阵列试剂盒(Qiagen公司,货号:PAHS053Z),使用特异性引物(表2)、Taq聚合酶(Invitrogen,Thermo Scientific公司)和Sybr Green dye(Bio-Rad公司,CFX96TouchTM),通过qRT-PCR对环状RNA进行基因表达谱分析。通过2-ΔΔCT方法计算相对表达,引物序列见表2。

1.3统计学方法采用GraphPad Prism 6.0统计学软件进行分析,计量資料服从正态分布,以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验,circRNA_000203表达数据不服从正态分布,组间比较使用Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料以频数或百分率以(%)表示,组间比较采用χ检验,采用Spearman检验评估感染儿童外周血单个核细胞circRNA_000203表达水平与CD4细胞数、病毒载量的相关性。检验水准:α=0.05,双侧检验。

2结果2.1circRNA_000203在HIV-1感染组中高表达HIV-1受感染的ART未感染儿童被分为26个LTNPs和22名进展者(progressors)。接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的儿童分为两组,14名抗逆转录病毒应答者和9名抗逆转录病毒无应答者。通过RT-PCR检测对照组与HIV-1感染的儿童组中circRNA_000203表达,结果显示,HIV-1感染的儿童组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量为(2.684±0.120),对照组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量为(0.775±0.046),差异有统计学意义(t=14.87,P<0.001),见图1A。将HIV-1感染的儿童组分为HIV长期未进展患儿组、HIV进展患儿组、ART响应患儿组与ART无响应患儿组,结果显示,HIV进展患儿组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量为(3.714±0.103),HIV长期未进展患儿组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量为(2.146±0.167),差异有统计学意义(t=7.637,P<0.001);而ART无响应患儿组中circRNA_000203的相对表达量为(3.180±0.142),ART响应患儿组中的circRNA_000203的相对表达量为(1.745±0.086),差异有统计学意义(t=9.161,P<0.001),见图1B。

2.2circRNA_000203表達与HIV-1感染儿童CD4细胞数、病毒拷贝数相关性在HIV-1感染儿童中circRNA_000203相对表达量与CD4细胞数成反比(R=-0.332, P=0.005,见图2A),与HIV-1病毒载量成正比(R=0.390,P<0.001,见图2B)。

3讨论母婴垂直传播是儿童艾滋病病毒感染的主要途径,无论是在子宫内、产时还是产后通过母乳喂养[12]。据估计,全世界有320万儿童感染HIV[13]。随着世界卫生组织(世卫组织)推荐的ART用于2岁以下患有HIV的儿童,并继续在全球推广ART,儿童的ART覆盖率正在上升,使得感染带来的并发症下降。然而,儿童的抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率远远落后于成人(分别为28%和58%)[14]。并且在对感染艾滋病病毒的儿童进行有效的抗逆转录病毒治疗之前,大多因心脑血管等并发症导致死亡[15]。此外,儿童疾病进展快于成人[16]。因此,除母婴阻断的主要干预方式外,还需要进一步深入了解HIV-1感染儿童的发病机制与早期诊断。

本研究中,我们收集HIV-1感染儿童与正常对照儿童的外周血单个核细胞,通过RT-PCR检测外周血单个核细胞中circRNA_000203表达,发现circRNA_000203在HIV-1感染儿童中较正常对照儿童显著高表达,且HIV进展患儿组中显著高于HIV长期未进展患儿组,ART无响应患儿组显著高于ART响应患儿组。HIV感染与CD4细胞被破坏或减少产生而逐渐丧失有关[17]。而HIV进展会伴随病毒载量的增加[18]。通过相关性分析,我们发现,HIV-1儿童患者中circRNA_000203相对表达量与CD4细胞数成反比,与HIV-1病毒载量成正比。表明,circRNA_000203与HIV-1感染相关,且可能与HIV-1感染预后不良相关,circRNA_000203可能是HIV-1感染儿童的潜在诊断指标。

当然,我们的研究也有不足之处,首先,我们检测的只有71对样本,还需要进行多中心大样本的进一步验证;其次,需要在细胞、动物水平进一步验证circRNA_000203调控HIV-1感染的功能与可能机制,这些将在课题组未来的研究中进行。

总之,我们发现了circRNA_000203与HIV-1感染儿童的关系,为HIV-1感染儿童的治疗与防止进一步恶化提供了潜在干预靶点与诊断指标。

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[14] FITZGERALD F,PENAZZATO M,GIBB D.Development of antiretroviral resistance in children with HIV in low-and middle-income countries[J].The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013,207(Suppl 2):S85-S92.

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[16] MARTINEZ D R,PERMAR S R,FOUDA G G.Contrasting adult and infant immune responses to HIV infection and vaccination[J].Clinical and vaccine immunology:CVI,2016,23(2):84-94.

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