Physiological Saline

◎供稿：熊艳婷

生理盐水的作用很多，它可溶解药物，比如在输液时，医生绝大部分会开具生理盐水来溶解药物；它亦可口服补液，当身体出现电解质紊乱时，可口服生理盐水；它还可消炎杀菌。今天，就让我们一起来了解一些关于生理盐水的知识吧。

Usually,physiological saline is rarely1)encounteredin daily life,because salt may be added to the food for cooking and few people use physiological saline exclusively.Physiological saline is used more in medicine.Here,we focus on the2)efficacyand use of normal saline.

Physiological saline is also known as3)sterilesaline.It refers to a sodium chloride4)solution.Its5)osmoticpressure is basically equal to that of animal or human6)plasma,which is commonly used in physiological experiments or clinical practice.

1) encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] v.遇到

2) efficacy [ˈefɪkəsi ] n.功效

3) sterile [ˈsteraɪl ] adj.无菌的

4) solution [səˈluːʃn] n.溶液

5) osmotic [ɒz'mɒtɪk ] adj.渗透的

6) plasma [ˈplæzmə] n.血浆

Actually speakinɡ,physioloɡical saline has a wide ranɡe of effects.Physiological saline is very important as a solvent,and it can be dissolved.Why is it saline instead of normal water? This is because according to research,normal saline is adapted to the physiological environment of the human body.Its pressure is the same as that of the human body,and it will not cause discomfort to the human body after being hit.In addition,it is7)routinelyused for fluid rehydration in clinical practice,not necessarily to dispense drugs.If the patient is8)dehydratedand cannot drink water,and the supplement is also saline.It can also be used externally,of course,such as when cleaning9)woundsor changing dressings.

Hospitals use saline solutions to hydrate patients instead of distilled water because saline solution replenished the body with nutrients,such as sodium,as well as water,which is needed for muscles and nerves to work properly.

7) routinely [ru:'ti:nlɪ] adv.常规地

8) dehydrated [ˌdi:haɪ'dreɪtɪd] adj.脱水的

9) wound [waʊnd] n.伤口

通常，我们平时生活当中很少用到生理盐水，因为在烹饪食物时会加盐，几乎没有人专门去加生理盐水。生理盐水在医学上使用较多。现在，我们来了解一下生理盐水的功效与用途。

生理盐水，又称无菌生理盐水，是指生理学实验或临床上常用的渗透压与动物或人体血浆的渗透压基本相等的氯化钠溶液。

实际上，生理盐水作用很广泛。生理盐水很重要的作用是作为可以溶解的溶剂来使用。为什么用生理盐水而不是普通的水？这是因为根据研究，生理盐水与人体的生理环境相适应。它的渗透压值跟人体内的一样，注射进去以后，不会令人体产生不适。另外，临床当中生理盐水常规是用来补液，不一定用于配药物。如病人正处于脱水状态、无法喝水，补充的就是生理盐水。当然，生理盐水亦可外用，如清洁伤口或换药时使用。

医院使用生理盐水而不是蒸馏水来给病人补水，是因为生理盐水可为身体补充营养物质，比如钠，钠和水一样，是肌肉和神经正常工作所必需的。