疏风解毒济民众

文/庞素银

“风者，百病之始也。” 阳春三月，万物复苏，急于脱掉冬装的人们容易被风邪侵袭，首当其冲的就是肺与头面部。

"The wind is the beginning of all diseases." Spring in March, everything rouses up from sleeping. People who are eager to take off winter clothes are vulnerable to wind pathogen, especially the lung and the head.

制服致命“大头瘟”Control the fatal infection with swollen head

《东垣试效方》记载了这样一则医案：公元1202年春，因气候反常，一种奇怪的疾病在民间广泛流行。患者初病时恶寒怕冷，接着头面红肿，严重时眼睛都难以睁开，兼有口舌干燥、咽喉不利等症状，病死率极高，俗称“大头瘟”。

A medical case is recorded in"Dongyuan trial effective formula": In the spring of 1202, due to abnormal weather, a strange disease was widespread among the people. At the beginning of the disease, the patient was afraid of cold, then the head and face got red and swollen, and it was difficult to open the eyes when it got serious, with dry mouth and tongue, inhibited throat and other symptoms. The disease of high fatality rate was commonly known as "infection with swollen head ".

当时，一位地方官的家属亦染此病，遍访名医而不治。病情加重之际恰逢“金元四大家”的李东垣，结果药到病除。心怀苍生的李东垣后来将药方刻于石碑，以济百姓，凡用之者，无不效验，存活甚众，此方也因此被命名为“普济消毒饮”，并流传至今。

At that time, a local official's family also caught the disease. The official visited famous doctors but failed. When the illness became more serious he met Li Dongyuan, one of the "four great physicians of the Jin and Yuan period". Eventually the illness was cured. Li Dongyuan, with huge caring for the world, later carved the prescription on stone tablets to benefit the people. The prescription was proved to be effective by all the people who used it and survived. Therefore, the prescription was named "Puji Disinfection Drink" and has been passed down to this day.

双管齐下行药力Two-pronged approach to enhance the effect

后世的“普济消毒饮”以黄芩、黄连为君药，清心肺之热；橘红、玄参、生甘草为臣药，行泻火之效；连翘、牛蒡子、薄荷、板蓝根、马勃、白僵蚕为佐，解毒消肿；升麻、柴胡、桔梗为使，协助诸药上达头面，共计14味药材。

In the modern process of "Puji disinfection drink", Scutellaria baicalensis and coptis chinensis are used as monarch medicine to clear heart and lung heat. Tangerine, radix scrophulariae and licorice are used as the minister medicine to purge pathogenic fire. Forsythia, burdock seed, peppermint, isatitis root, mabo and bombyx batryticatus are used as assistant medicine for detoxicating and subduing swelling. Hemp, bupleurum and platycodon grandiflorum are used as guide medicine to lead all the drugs to the head with 14 medicinal materials in total.

使用时，可将药物研成细末，一半以汤调服，代茶饮；另一半蜜拌为丸，含服之。如有便秘者，亦可加大黄酒浸或煨用。

When using, the medicine is to be ground into fine powder, half of which can be taken in soup as a drink. The other half of the medicine is to be mixed with honey to make pills for buccal intake. On the case of constipation, you can immerse the pills in rhubarb wine or simmer it before taking.

弃用人参改薄荷Replace ginseng with peppermint

相比上述配伍，最初李东垣的“普济消毒饮”，少了1味薄荷，多了1味人参，原因在于本方整体偏苦寒，希望以人参入药提补人体正气、保护脾胃。由于人参价格昂贵，后人在治疗中常弃之不用，结果发现疗效并未受到显著影响，而新增薄荷则有利于加速解毒、缩短病程。后来的《普济方》《医方集解》等方书，均记载了这一改良版本。

Compared with the above compatibility, Li Dongyuan's "Puji Disinfection Drink" originally included ginseng instead of peppermint. The reason was that the whole prescription was bitter and cold and ginseng was added to improve the human body's healthyqiand protect the spleen and stomach. Due to the high price, ginseng was often abandoned in the treatment of later generations while the curative effect was not significantly affected. On the other hand, the addition of peppermint helped to accelerate detoxification and shorten period of treatment. So later books such as "Puji Fang" and"Medical Formulas Gathered and Explained"recorded this improved version.

现代药理研究证明，“普济消毒饮”对甲、乙型链球菌，肺炎双球菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，白色葡萄球菌等均有较好的抑菌效果。此方可广泛用于治疗流行性感冒、扁桃体炎、带状疱疹、流行性出血热、手足口病等传染病，以及其他头部或颈部因热毒炽盛而导致的各种疾病。

The modern pharmacology study proves that the "Puji Disinfection Drink" has good antibacterial effect on Streptococcus A and B, pneumococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and white staphylococcus and so on. It can be widely used in the treatment of influenza, tonsillitis, herpes zoster, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, hand, foot and mouth disease and other infectious diseases, and other head or neck diseases due to the noxious heat type.

结 语Conclusion

“伤于风者，上先受之”，李东垣一针见血地指出，“大头瘟”的致病关键在于风邪热毒，“普济消毒饮”的标准密码在于“疏风解毒”四个字，以清热解毒、消散风邪之法辨证施治，赢得了千古良方的美誉。

Li Dongyuan pointed out that the pathogenic key of "infection with swollen head" lies in the wind pathogen and heat poison. The standard code of "Puji Disinfection Drink" lies in key words "dispelling wind and detoxifying". The therapy of clearing heat, detoxifying and dissipating wind pathogen has won the reputation of eternal excellent prescription.