古韵悠悠田横岛

2022-06-22 05:48魏伟
走向世界 2022年21期
关键词:部属忠义海岛

魏伟

以歷史人物命名的田横岛,有着深厚的文化底蕴,体现了古人对“忠义”的推重。为何这样说?这要从田横其人其事说起。

据《史记·田儋列传》记载,秦朝末年,群雄并起,原齐国王族田儋与其堂弟田荣、田横亦举兵起义。田儋、田荣死后,田横继承兄长事业,在齐地称王。后来,汉高祖刘邦一统天下,田横与其部属逃往海岛。刘邦派人招抚,田横却于途中自刭,并命随行部属二人将其头颅火速送至刘邦处。刘邦闻知田横死前的言行,为之流涕,以王礼将其厚葬。安葬完田横后,随行部属二人亦自刭,而留守海岛的五百义士在得知田横亡故的消息后,也全部自杀而亡。听闻此事,刘邦大为吃惊,由此深知田横兄弟的确能得人心。

后人为纪念田横及五百义士,便将他们曾经居住过的海岛命名为“田横岛”。他们的壮举,则被历代称颂不绝。司马迁叹道:“田横之高节,宾客慕义而从横死,岂非至贤!”诸葛亮认为,“田横,齐之壮士耳,犹守义不辱。”韩愈在《祭田横墓文》中写道:“余既博观乎天下,曷有庶几乎夫子之所为……自古死者非一,夫子至今有耿光。”现代著名画家徐悲鸿晚年创作的《田横五百士》大型油画,通过田横与五百义士诀别的场面,歌颂了宁死不屈的精神,现陈列在北京徐悲鸿纪念馆。

黯淡了刀光剑影,远去了鼓角争鸣,漫步田横岛,田横及五百义士鲜活的面容飞扬在眼前。驻足田横雕像及五百义士墓前,不由得令人肃然起敬。

田横雕像位于田横岛最高处,俯视着整个海岛,基座上“齐王田横”四个大字由原中国书法家协会主席、著名书法家沈鹏题写。仰视田横雕像,一位智勇兼备、礼贤下士的英雄形象呼之欲出。田横雕像身后是五百义士墓和田横碑亭。

五百义士墓最早修建于西汉时期,周长30米,高约2.5米,是田横岛上最著名的历史遗迹。五百义士长眠于此,与青山相伴,一同守护着这片土地。1992年,五百义士墓被山东省人民政府公布为省级文物保护单位。

田横碑亭立于墓冢偏北侧,亭正中为田横史碑,碑文详细记述了田横自刎及五百义士慕义死节的史实。“田横岛上青螺顶,五百义士碧血凝。不休海涛无平期,千古潮声唱鬼雄。”读罢,浩然之气直入胸中。

寻古田横岛,千秋浩气存。2000多年来,田横五百义士以其“忠义”名垂青史,也使承载着“忠义”精神的田横岛名扬四海。

特有的历史文化和人文精神,使田横岛成为一座文化之岛。当然,这里优美的自然风光、丰富的海产资源也使之不负盛名,但最吸引人的,还是那慷慨悲壮的英雄事迹。田横,已成为当地最为知名的文化符号,以田横之名命名的,除了田横岛,还有田横岛所在的田横镇。此外,田横岛上的“田横砚”“田横蟹”等特产,寄托了后人对田横的怀念;国家级非物质文化遗产“田横祭海节”已成为当地每年的盛大节日,是中国北方最大的祭海节。田横文化的影响力可见一斑。

浸满古意的田横岛,经历岁月的积淀后,显得愈发厚重、美丽。

In the offshore waters of Tianheng Town, Jimo District, Qingdao, there are several scattered islands, the largest of which is known as Tianheng Island. Like a whale floating on the sea, staring at the shore not far away, the island reminds us of the earth-shattering story about 500 righteous men of Tianheng 2000 years ago.

In the late Qin Dynasty, with the rising of many warlords, Tian Dan and his younger male cousins Tian Rong and Tian Heng, members of the former royal family of the State of Qi, led an army to revolt. After the death of Tian Dan and Tian Rong, Tian Heng carried on their cause. Later, after Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han, unified the whole country, Tian Heng and his men fled to an island. Liu Bang sent troops to offer amnesty and enlistment, but Tian Heng cut his own throat on the way. After hearing of the death of Tian Heng, the 500 righteous men on the island all committed suicide. Liu Bang was astonished to hear the news, and realized that Tian Heng and his brothers had gained popular support indeed.

To commemorate Tian Heng and the 500 righteous men, later generations named the island where they lived Tianheng, Their deed has been praised through the ages. Built in the Western Han Dynasty, the tomb of 500 righteous men, with a circumference of 30m and a height of about 2.5m, is the most famous historic site on the island.

With unique history and culture and humanistic spirits, Tianheng Island becomes an island of culture. Certainly, the beautiful natural scenery and the rich marine resources also make it live up to its name. However, that heroic and tragic deed is the main attraction.

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