王佳琦
据统计,每年都有上千人被闪电电击而意外丧命。了解下面一些有关闪电的常见认识误区与事实,可能对大家躲避闪电会有一些帮助。
Lightning kills thousands of people every year, with some survivors suffering lifelong damage. Here are some 1)myths and facts for you to know more about lightning.
Myth: If you’re caught outside during a2)thunderstorm, you should crouch down toreduce your risk of being struck.
Fact: Crouching doesn’t make you anysafer outdoors. You may run to a 3)substantialbuilding or hard topped vehicle. If you are toofar to run to one of these options, you have nogood 4)alternative. You are not safe anywhereoutdoors.
Myth: Lightning never strikes the same place twice.
Fact: Lightning often strikes the same place repeatedly, especially if it’s a tall, pointy 5)isolated object.
1)myth[mɪθ]n.神话;荒诞的说法
2)thunderstorm[ˈθʌndərˌstɔrm]n.雷暴;雷雨
3)substantial[səb'stænʃ(ə)l]adj.大而坚固的
4)alternative[ɔːlˈtɜː(r)nətɪv]n.可供选择的事物
5)isolated[ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd]adj.偏远的;独立的
词组加油站
crouch down 蹲 ; 蹲伏
Myth:Ifit’snotrainingortherearen’tcloudsoverhead,you’resafefromlightning.
Fact:Lightningoftenstrikesmorethanthreemilesfromthecenterofthethunderstorm,faroutsidetherainorthunderstormcloud.
Myth: A lightning victim is electrified. If you touch them, you’ll be electrocuted.
Fact: This is the most 6)chilling of lightning myths. The human body does not store electricity. It is perfectly safe to touch a lightning victim to give them first aid. Imagine how sad it would be if someone died because people were afraid to give Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR).
Myth:Ifoutsideinathunderstorm,youshouldseek7)shelterunderatreetostaydry.
Fact:Beingunderneathatreeisthesecondleadingcauseoflightningcasualties.Gettingwetisbetterthanbeingstruckbylightning.
Myth:Ifthunderstormsthreatenwhileyouareoutsideplayingagame,itisokaytofinishitbeforeseekingshelter.
Fact:Manylightningcasualtiesoccurbecausepeopledonotseeksheltersoonenough.Allgamesarelessimportantthanourlives.Seekpropershelterimmediatelyifyouhearthunder.
Myth:Iftrappedoutsideandlightningisabouttostrike,youshouldlieflatontheground.
Fact:Lyingflatincreasesyourchanceofbeingaffectedbypotentiallydeadlygroundcurrent.Ifyouarecaughtoutsideinathunderstorm,youneedtokeepmovingtowardasafeshelter.
6) chilling [ˈtʃɪlɪŋ] adj. 寒冷的 7) shelter [ˈʃeltər] n. 遮蔽物
每年闪电导致上千人死亡,一些幸存者终身遭受损伤之苦。这里有一些关于闪电的认识误区与事实,以便大家了解更多有关闪电的知识。
误区如果你在雷雨天被困在户外,你应该蹲下来以减少被闪电击中的风险。
事实蹲下来不会让你在户外更安全。你应跑到坚固的建筑物或硬顶车辆旁。如果你离这些地方太远,那么你没有好的选择。因为户外任何地方都不安全。
誤区闪电不会两次击中同一个地方。
事实闪电经常反复击中同一个地方,尤其当它是一个又高又尖的孤立物体时。
误区如果不下雨或头顶没有云,你就不会被闪电击中。
事实闪电经常击中距离雷暴中心三英里(约4.8公里)以外的地方,也就是远离雨或雷暴云的地方。
误区被闪电击中的人也会“带电”。如果你碰他们,你也会触电。
事实这是最令人毛骨悚然的闪电误解。人体不能储存电能。给被闪电击中的人急救是完全安全的。想象一下,如果有人因为他人害怕对其进行心肺复苏术而死亡,那将多么令人遗憾。
误区如果外面有雷雨,你应该在树下躲雨。
事实在树下躲雨是雷击伤亡的第二大原因。被淋湿要比被闪电击中好。
误区如果你在外面玩耍时遇雷暴威胁,在寻求庇护之前是可以继续玩耍的。
事实许多闪电伤亡的发生是因为人们没有及时寻求庇护。没有什么东西比我们的生命安全更重要。如果听到雷声,请立即寻求合适的避难所。
误区如果被困在外面,闪电要来了,你应该平躺在地上。
事实平躺会增加你受到潜在致命的电流影响的机会。如果你在外面遭遇雷暴,你需要继续前往安全的场所。