读后续写之情感表达妙招大放送

杜锐

“情感表達”在读后续写题型的答题中十分重要。一方面，它是延续原文情感线索的必要手段，因为读后续写的文本通常是一个故事。在故事中，人物的情感变化往往就是一条行文的暗线。另一方面，它可以有效地丰富细节描写，从而有力地烘托文章的中心。因此，同学们在写作中要应用好情感表达。

一、情感表达的必要性

笔者在此以2022 年新高考I卷和2021年新高考I卷中的读后续写试题为例来进行说明。

从上表可以看出，原文中皆有明显的情感提示，而续写时也需要对原文情感有所呼应。因此，“情感表达”是答好读后续写试题的必备技巧。

二、如何表达情感

常见的情感表达句式结构为“主谓宾”或“主系表”，如“I felt nervous.”“He was worried.”“She looks happy.”等。但如果通篇文章使用这种简单表达，一则单调，二则低等。

因此，为使文章显得丰富多彩，同学们需要掌握多种表达情感的手法。本文便为大家介绍三个情感表达技巧。

（一）用好五大“情配词”

本文所称“情配词”主要是指能与情感进行搭配的词。除了常见的be、feel、look，还有五个常用的情感搭配词，它们分别是fill、occupy、overwhelm、consume、obsess。它们作为谓语动词，有主动与被动两种常见用法。

主动用法：情感名词+ fill/occupy/overwhelm/consume/obsess + sb.

被动用法：sb.+ be filled/occupied/overwhelmed/consumed/obsessed + with/by +情感名词

需要注意的是：这五大“情配词”的被动用法中，fill/overwhelm/consume常与介词with搭配，occupy和obsess常与介词by搭配。

例如：

①Hearing the news， she jumped to her feet and dashed out. Obviously， she was overwhelmed with excitement.

听到这个消息，她跳了起来，并冲了出去。显然，她很是兴奋。

②David was consumed with hatred against John， who， he believes， has deprived him of the opportunity to be promoted.

大卫心里充满了对约翰的恨意。大卫认为，约翰剥夺了他升迁的机会。

③At that moment， he was occupied by an ungovernable rage. Hence， he screamed and broke the cup.

在那一刻，他充满了难以抑制的愤怒。于是，他尖叫着摔碎了杯子。

④She is filled with nostalgia for her own college days.

她对自己的大学时光充满了怀念。

当然，这些“情配词”也可以充当非谓语动词。

例如：

①Overwhelmed with an intense sense of guilt， he lowered his head.

他低下了头，内心充满着强烈的负罪感。

②She walked onto the stage， a feeling of nervousness overwhelming her.

她走向舞台，感到无比紧张。

③Obsessed by the fear， we drew back and called for rescue.

我们心中充满了恐惧，退了回来，并且打电话求救。

④Filled with anticipation， he cast a determined eye at the distance.

他满怀期待，坚定地看了一下远方。

（二）掌握十大“情隐喻”

所谓“情隐喻”，就是采用隐喻的方式来表达情感，即将各种情感、心理状态直接隐喻成某种事物，然后通过用以描述喻体的各种词语展现故事人物的情感、心理状态。这种表达一方面可以使抽象的情感变得具体、形象，另一方面也可以让语言丰富多彩，能给读者耳目一新的感觉。常见的喻体有十种。

1.人手

我们可以通过一些手部动作来直接表达某种情感，如seize（抓住）、grasp（抓牢）、grip（紧握）、take hold of（抓住）、cover（覆盖）、tear into pieces（撕成碎片）等。

例①：A feeling of panic seized/grasped/gripped her.

她突然惊慌失措。

例②：Anxiety tore her into pieces.

她焦虑不安，身心憔悴。

2.对手

将情感喻为对手，那么主体与情感仿佛在比赛或斗争。于是，get the better of（占上风）、get the best of（胜过）、prey（捕猎，折磨）等用在赛场、战场领域的词汇便派上了用场。

例①：Enthusiasm gets the better of me.

我太激动了。

例②：Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually.

我感到愤怒和痛苦。

3.统治者

假如把情感比喻为统治者，这时，情感可能会oppress（压迫）人们，甚至deprive（剥夺，通常与of搭配）人们的某种能力。

例①：Worrying deprived him of sleep.

他焦虑万分，难以入睡。

例②：Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.

我激动得什么话都说不出来。

4.液体

当把情感比喻为液体时，情感如同ripple（波纹）、wave（波浪）或flood（洪流），可以well（涌出）、surge（涌动），甚至 sweep（席卷）。与此同时，人体被喻为容器，因此情感可以fill/brim/take possession of（注满/盛满/占满）容器，有时还会overflow/well（漫出/溢出）容器，在高温下甚至会boil（沸腾）。

例①：A ripple of sadness welled up inside him.

他心头涌起阵阵悲伤。

例②：A wave of panic swept over her.

一阵惊恐袭上她的心头。

例③：Panic surged up within him.

他惶恐不安。

例④：He was brimming with sorrow when she left him.

她离开他时，他满怀悲伤。

5.光线

通常情况下，天气状态为sunny（晴朗的）、radiant（阳光灿烂的）时，人们会感到心情愉快。因此，我们可以将情感与光线联系在一起，如情感像光一样shine（闪耀），会radiate（发散），且能spread across（传遍）周围。

例①：Joy shone from his brow.

他眉宇中闪耀着喜悦的光芒。

例②：Happiness radiates from her face.

她容光焕发。

6.重担

情感具有重量。忧虑、悲伤、愤怒等消极情绪犹如重担bear on someone（压着某人），需要人们carry（承受），而unburden（卸去）、lose（失去）这些情感则会让人感到轻松、获得解脱。

例①：Grief bears heavily on her.

她承受着巨大的悲伤。

例②：Unburdening her anger gave her a sense of relief.

释放了怒火后，她有一种轻松的感觉。

7.动物

情感具有动物的一些特点，会悄无声息地crawl/creep（爬）到人身边，有时还会gnaw（咬）、swallow/devour（吞噬）人。

例①：Happiness crawls up to the tips of his brows.

他喜上眉梢。

例②：A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on him.

他慢慢感到一絲恐惧。

8.色彩

人们在愤怒时往往容易面红耳赤，而恐惧时则脸色发白。这些颜色的变化可作为情感变化的外在生理表征体现在语言中，如red（红色）被隐喻为愤怒，white（白色）被隐喻为苍白、恐惧，blue（蓝色）被隐喻为悲伤。

例①：She had been feeling blue all the week.

她整个星期都闷闷不乐。

例②：Richards coming late made his teacher see red.

理查德迟到了，这让他的老师十分恼火。

9.空间

人们高兴时往往欢呼雀跃、兴高采烈，而悲伤时则垂头丧气、无精打采。基于此种体验，我们可以采用表示空间高低的词汇来展现情感，如用up（上）、high（高）来展现高兴、快乐等积极的情感状态，用down（下）、low（低）来展现悲伤、抑郁等消极的情感状态。

例①：She was feeling really low.

她感到十分沮丧。

例②：She has been on a real high after winning the competition.

赢了比赛后，她高兴极了。

10.热火

人们常常也将情感比喻成火，以此来显示其力量。

例：The agony seared his fleshes， consuming his entire being.

痛苦（像火一样）灼烧着他的肉体，吞噬着他整个人。

（三）描述四大“情视角”

本文所称“情视角”主要是指“透露情感或心理状态的地方”。一般而言，容易透露人类情感或心理状态的地方有四个：脸、眼、心、声。如果我们能够结合这些地方来描述情感，定能使人物生动形象、活灵活现，给人留下深刻印象。

1.通过脸表述情感

面部是心情的泄密器。有时一瞥别人的脸，我们就知道别人的心情了。笔者在此给出四个描述脸的动词，分别是radiate、reveal、spread和write。这四个词可以用作谓语动词，也可以用作非谓语动词。

例①：Happiness radiated from her face at that moment./Her face radiated happiness at that moment.

那一刻，她容光焕发。

例②：When the popcorn was sold out， she dashed to Mrs. Meredith， face revealing incredible joy.

爆米花卖完后，她冲向了梅雷迪思太太，脸上流露出难以置信的喜悦。

例③：When asked the last result， he remained silent and disappointment spread across his face.

当被问及最终结果时，他保持沉默，脸上布满了失望。

例④：With guilt written on his face， he lowered his head and became speechless.

他低下了头，沉默不语，脸上布满了内疚。

2.通过眼睛表述情感

眼睛是心灵的窗户。在写作时，描写眼睛也是表达情感的绝妙方法。同学们请注意，sparkling/shining/glowing/glistening/glittering/gleaming这六个词是必须要掌握的。

例①：His eyes were sparkling/shining/glowing/glistening/glitter- ing/gleaming with excitement.

他的眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒。

例②：Her eyes were brimming/filled with sympathy.

她眼里充满了同情。

例③：He cast a cold eye at those who laugh at him.

他对嘲笑他的那些人投以冷眼。

3.通过心表述情感

英汉民族似乎都相信“情由心生”，于是英文表达中可以通过心来表述情感。

例①：His heart was bursting with remorse.

他的心中充满了悔恨。

例②：My heart melted away in tears of despair.

我的心被绝望的泪水融化了。

4.通过声音表述情感

通过声音表述情感，实质上就是描述语气（in/with a +X+ tone 或 in/with a tone of +X）和音量（in a +X+voice或in a voice of +X）。

例①：“I have lost the present you brought me.” Cried the child in a sorrowful tone.

“我把你带给我的礼物弄丢了。”小孩悲伤地哭道。

例②：“The operation is a success.” said the doctor in a tone of relief.

“手术成功了。”医生说道，语气透着如释重负之感。

例③：“Never did I meet such horrible animal.”David said in a trembling voice.

“我从未遇见过如此恐怖的动物。”大卫以颤抖的声音说道。

例④：“It seems impossible for us to win.” Sully said in a voice of despair.

“我们似乎不可能赢。”萨利绝望地说。

三、实战练一练

下面，大家可用2022年新高考I卷英语读后续写试题《残障男孩跑越野》来练练笔，注意应用上述情感表达技巧。

【真题再现】

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route （路線） through thick evergreen forest.

I looked around and finally spotted David， who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasnt with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.

What was wrong？ He had worked so hard for this event！

I quickly searched the crowd for the schools coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not， and let him decide.”

I bit back my frustration （懊恼）. I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted， I turned to find him coming towards me， his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.

David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children， but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—thats all. David had not missed a single practice， and although he always finished his run long after the other children， he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.

注意：1續写词数应为150左右; 2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We sat down next to each other， but David wouldnt look at me.

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.

【简要分析】

文章主题隶属于“人与社会”，讲述了一位教师帮助一位患有脑疾的学生重燃信心，鼓励他参加越野赛跑的故事。文章开头提出悬念，提到小男孩David为越野赛跑做了充分准备，可是却决定不参加比赛，且看起来有些不高兴（usual big toothy smile was absent）。而后，文章借小男孩教练的解释道出小男孩放弃比赛的原因，即害怕被别人嘲笑。最后，文章详细介绍了小男孩的情况，并道出“我”作为一位从事特殊教育的教师的心态。

根据给定的两个续写段落的首句，我们可以推断续段一应包括“我”成功扭转小男孩的心理，让他重拾信心等内容;续段二则应包括小男孩勇敢地参加了比赛等内容。

通过以上分析，我们可以明确，续段一中必须要描述小男孩的情感、心理状态，当然也可对“我”的情感状态进行描写，同时，续段二中同样需要明示相关人物对“比赛结果”产生的情感，从而烘托中心。

【范文呈现】

范文中的画线部分均为运用以上三种手法所进行的情感表达，大家可以体会一下。

Paragraph 1： We sat down next to each other， but David wouldnt look at me.

（1）He just looked down at the ground，face revealing frustration.

（2）“Why do you give up， my boy. ” I said， in a soft voice.

（3）It seemed that David was overwhelmed with negativity， and he didnt give me any reply.

（4）So I patted his shoulder， and continued， “David， dont care about how others see you. Victory belongs to those who stick to their original ideas.”

（5）This time， David turned to me， eyes sparkling with confidence.

（6）Then he stood up， saying， “I will try my best，” with a determined tone.

Paragraph 2： I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.

（1） A ripple of relief mingled with pride welled up in my heart， and I couldnt help calling him and giving him a thumbs-up.

（2） With the order given， the race began.

（3）It was nearly half an hour before some runners came to the finish line. But David didnt turn up.

（4）A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on me.

（5） I was feeling down and down when David appeared， whose face was filled with sweat but radiated firmness.

（6） No sooner had he passed the finish line than all the spectators and runners clapped hands. And a voice echoed in my mind， “Admiration indeed should go to those who are hurt but persist.”

结语

“情感表达”在读后续写中具有普适性，掌握丰富的情感表达方法，是提高写作能力的一条捷径。同学们如能熟练掌握上述所列三大技法，定能在读后续写中取得高分。