2023年高考热门主题语境15：历史与文化

蒋建平

一、素材积累

Ⅰ. 核心单词

1. pray v.祈祷

2. feast n.盛宴；宴会；（宗教的）节日

3. dumpling n.饺子

4. porridge n.粥

5. calligraphy n.书法

6. decorate v. 装修；装饰

decoration n.装饰；装饰品

7. cater v.承办酒席；提供饮食

8. taboo n.禁忌；忌讳

9. parade n.游行；检阅

v.游行；展示

10. anniversary n.周年纪念日

11. ceremony n.典礼；仪式；礼节

12. sacrifice n. & v.牺牲

13. temple n.庙宇；寺院

14. riddle n.谜语

15. pavilion n.亭；阁

16. gunpowder n.火药

17. sacred adj.神圣的；上帝的

18. promote v.提倡；推广

promotion n.促销；推广

19. firecracker n.爆竹

20. acrobatics n.杂技

21. handicraft n.手工艺品

22. compass n.指南针

23. papermaking n.造纸

Ⅱ. 高频短語

1. Chinese knot 中国结

2. the Lantern Festival 元宵节

3. culture conflict 文化冲突

4. dragon boat race 龙舟赛

5. a celebration of 对……的庆祝

6. a mark of ……的标志；……的表示

7. in memory of/in honour of 为纪念……；为向……表示敬意

8. drive away 赶走

9. pass down 流传

10. decorate with 用……装饰

11. play the lion dance 舞狮

12. dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰

13. have the reputation of 享有……的美誉

14. stay up all night 通宵守岁

15. cross talk 相声

Ⅲ.句式积累

1. with the development of 随着……的发展

With the development of our society， people come to realize that the Spring Festival is not only a festival， but also a valuable treasure. 随着社会的发展，人们开始意识到春节不仅是一个节日，而且是一笔宝贵的财富。

2. as引导原因状语从句

As every Chinese holiday is accompanied by some sort of special food， on the Mid?Autumn Festival， people eat mooncakes， a kind of cookie with fillings of sugar， fat， sesame， walnut， the yoke of preserved eggs， ham or other materials.由于每个中国节日都有某种特殊的食物，在中秋节，人们吃月饼，一种以糖、油、芝麻、核桃仁、咸蛋黄、火腿等为馅料的糕点。

3. with的复合结构

National Day falls on October 1st every year， with the holiday lasting 7 days. Chinese people all over the world are absorbed in a happy and harmonious atmosphere during the holiday. 国庆节在每年的10月1日，假期持续7天。国庆期间，全世界的中国人都沉浸在一种幸福、和谐的气氛中。

4.祈使句+and+含一般将来时的句子

Compare festivals which have connection with one another in style， and you can get a better knowledge of the similarities of the culture between China and Western countries. 把在风格上相互联系的节日进行比较，你就能更好地了解中国和西方国家文化的相似之处。

二、续写金句

1. With the beautiful moon up in the sky， we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits， sharing our stories. 美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起，吃着月饼和水果，分享着我们的故事。

2. Culture is the crystal of a nations character and soul. It is widely acknowledged that Chinese culture is an important aspect of the countrys opening up and maintaining a close relationship with the rest of the world. 文化是一个民族性格和灵魂的结晶。人们普遍认为，中华文化是中国对外开放和与世界保持密切关系的一个重要方面。

3. A series of policies on promoting Chinese culture overseas have reflected cultures increasing importance， which also make clear our mission to improve the nations soft power by delivering a favorable impression of China to the world and promoting communication between people. 一系列在海外推广中华文化的政策反映了文化日益增长的重要性，也明确了我们的使命，即通过向世界传递中国的良好印象和促进人与人之间的交流来增强国家的软实力。

4.The Spring Festival is a traditional time for family members to celebrate together. 春节是家庭成员一起庆祝的传统时刻。

5.As for me， I go back home every year during the Spring Festival. And I believe it necessary for all the people to visit parents， relatives and friends during this special time. The Spring Festival is more than a vacation but a tradition we must value and carry forward. Nothing is more important than familial affection and friendship. And it is true happiness to have a heart?to?heart talk with our parents， to enjoy the ceremony and to get together with our beloved people. 至于我，每年春节我都会回家。我相信在这个特殊的时刻，所有的人都有必要去看望父母、亲戚和朋友。春节不仅仅是一个假期，而是一个我们必须重视和发扬的传统。没有什么比亲情和友谊更重要了。与父母谈心，享受节日庆典，与我们所爱的人团聚，这是真正的幸福。

6. On that day， sons and daughters will bring their family members back to their parents house for a reunion. Sometimes， people who have already settled overseas will come back to visit their parents on that day. 在那一天，子女会带着他们的家人回到父母家团聚。有时，已经定居在海外的人也会在那天回来看望父母。

三、主题测评

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

体裁：说明文 篇幅：345词

建议用时：7分钟 来源：改编      新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：三星堆遗址的考古发现

Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest China show that the regions ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya civilization.

The Sanxingdui Ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4，800 years ago and lasted more than 2，000 years， while the Maya civilization built its city?

state around 200 AD.

The bronze?made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree， which symbolized the union of heaven， earth and the underworld in the Maya civilization. “They are very important similarities，” says Santos， a Mexican archaeologist （考古学家） stressing that the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar.

The findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins， considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century， also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture， indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.

While the time span between the Shu Kingdom and the Maya culture is great， the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols. “In the end， man is still man， independent of time and space. What we have is that， at this latitude （纬度）， both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon，” the expert says.

One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui Ruins was the cross?subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists， which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains， which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.

Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world， where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.

“Every time our cultural knowledge increases， regardless of whether we speak one language or another， what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and， therefore， the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental，” says Santos.

1. What is the similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Maya civilizations？

A. Their starting time.

B. Their historical origins.

C. Their cultural symbols.

D. Their ceremony traditions.

2. The findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins have proved that____________.

A. silk was a common clothing material then

B. some technologies were developed much earlier

C. the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed

D. the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact

3. What is a common challenge for the conservation of the Sanxingdui Ruins and the Maya civilization？

A. High latitude.

B. Damp weather.

C. Language barriers.

D. Positioning of ruins.

4. What does Santos focus on in the last paragraph？

A. The future of the China?Mexico cooperation.

B. The benefits of speaking a different language.

C. The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.

D. The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.

Ⅱ. 完形填空

体裁：记叙文 篇幅：256词

建议用时：15分钟 来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：圆桌文化

The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little， my1family would get together on different traditional festivals to have dinner. We kids would be sitting around or playing hide?and?seek under the table2the grown?ups were having a chat.

When I got a bit3 ， my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma cheerfully4another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more5 ， but we all felt much closer to each other. When I was twelve， my grandpa passed away. That made us feel6 . However， when the whole family got together once again， we totally7that his chair， his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was8 ， we felt like that he had never left us.

We all have a table like this in our9 . It is a sign of reunion of our family10our feelings. Although the reason why we come together may be different， the feelings behind it are the11 . Usually different cultures are accepted by us around the table. Whats more， we12   love not only for our family， but also for a company， our13and even the whole world.

The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table which we belong to. The round table has been a14of Chinese feelings. It was， it is and will15be.

1. A. happy B. whole

C. dear D. warm

2. A. while B. or

C. but D. so

3. A. taller B. bigger

C. older D. stronger

4. A. set B. lay

C. fetched D. added

5. A. crowded B. friendly

C. enjoyable D. different

6. A. mad B. sad

C. worried D. nervous

7. A. agreed B. imagined

C. guessed D. judged

8. A. missing B. empty

C. taken D. dirty

9. A. units B. societies

C. homes D. communities

10. A. acting B. showing

C. performing D. declaring

11. A. common B. true

C. same D. deep

12. A. express B. want

C. impress D. trust

13. A. school B. relatives

C. nation D. parents

14. A. milestone B. mark

C. tool D. symbol

15. A. always B. still

C. even D. ever

Ⅲ. 讀后续写

体裁：记叙文

命题形式：读后续写

建议用时：25分钟

来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：遵从内心的意愿

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续寫两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写词数应为150左右。

In my culture， its not accepted or normal to go against my parents wishes. I belong to a small and native community in the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico. Weve lived here for centuries， and my family has been growing cotton for as long as anyone can remember.

When I was small， I had a lot of work to do. My father was sick and we were poor， so my sister and I would get up very early every morning to prepare food for the whole family. After school， we would run home quickly to help do housework. On weekends， I would go to the village market to sell our cotton. Every time I sold something， it was good news for the whole family.

When I became a teenager， I wanted to study to become a secretary. By working in an office， I would be able to earn more money， which would be good for my family. I knew I was smart and I would do a good job， but my parents refused to let me study. I listened to them and followed their advice in order not to make them unhappy.

Years later， some students from California came to our village. They were organizing an educational workshop for local people. We would learn new things and technology about growing cotton， and have the chance to network. This was a good chance for me to learn something new and useful. Of course， I was willing to take part in it， but my parents said no again this time.

I have wonderful and generous parents， who are kind to everybody around them. Even when our family could hardly afford food， they would welcome guests with coffee and cookies. I knew they refused me because they wanted the best for me. I knew they were worried about me being away from them， but I knew they were wrong. Attending this workshop would be good for our family. I would be able to learn something new and useful， and our business would grow much faster than it could.

Paragraph 1：

Therefore， I put my foot down and decided to go. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

Now I no longer live together with my parents， but I work with them every day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________