如何阅读小说

山东 李全忠

书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉。 让阅读成为我们的生活方式。

文章词数356难度★★★建议用时6 分钟

1Enjoying novels is not always easy. Reading requires you to put effort into the novel. Otherwise you end up lost， bored， and confused. Though reading a novel takes work， it is enjoyable， low-stress work.With a little practice， reading even difficult books will become second nature.

2Block out distractions while you're reading. The best novels allow you to sink into them， becoming addicted to the world of the novels while the outside world drops away.Giving your full attention to a book is the best way to read and understand it， whether you're reading novels or textbooks. Novels， however， are often told in a unique way，meaning you need time to get accustomed to the speakers， the styles， and the world of the stories to fully grasp them.

3Nail down the basic questions of the novel before tackling the headier themes.While some of this may seem obvious， taking five minutes to answer the following questions will give you a great foundation to keep reading. These are the essential parts of the novel， and you need to grasp them before moving on to more difficult discussions:

4What do the main characters want?

5Who is telling the story?

6Where and when is the story set? Be specific.

7Summarize the main events of each chapter or part once you finish it. Take a moment to stop and reflect on the events in each chapter. What， exactly， changed from the beginning of the section to the end? Have characters grown? Has the plot thickened? Are you back where you started? Eventually， after you've finished 4-5 chapters， you'll notice that these little summaries form an outline of the novel.

8Form your own opinion on the book， but back it up with facts. Ultimately， once a book is published， it is up to readers to make their own “meaning” out of it. To get the most out of the book， you need to inject your own personality into the reading. You can have any opinion you want， but you need to back it up with evidence from the book.

9In a word， reading novels always rewards you for the effort.

Reading Check

Ⅰ. Complete the following mind map with only one word for each blank

Ⅱ. Discussion

Have you gotten any other methods of reading novels? Can you think of some good ones?

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Language Study

Ⅰ. Discover useful structure in the text

It is/was up to sb to do sth 做某事由某人决定

Ultimately， once a book is published， it is up to readers to make their own “meaning” out of it. 最终，一旦一本书出版了，读者对书中的意义就会产生自己的理解。

Ⅱ. Memorize some text-centered chunks

put effort into 对……付出努力

end up 最终成为；最后处于

block out 挡住；忘掉

allow sb to do 允许某人做……

become addicted to 沉迷于……

in a unique way 以一种独特的方式

get accustomed to 习惯于……

nail down 明确；弄清

reflect on 反思……

主题应用·语库构建

Ⅰ. 高频表达

（一）人物类名词

author 作者

writer 作家；撰稿者

novelist 小说家

poet 诗人

journalist 新闻记者；新闻工作者

editor 编辑

character （书籍、戏剧或电影中的）角色；人物；品质

hero 英雄；男主角

（二）文学类型

classical literature 古典文学

contemporary literature 现代文学

popular literature 大众文学

light literature 通俗文学

folklore 民间文学

saga/river novel 长篇小说

short story 短篇小说

detective story 侦探小说

mystery story 怪诞小说

whodunit 推理小说

humorous story 幽默小说

historical novel 历史小说

essay 随笔

book of travels 游记

reportage 报告文学

criticism 评论

（三）修辞手法

metaphor 暗喻；隐喻

simile 明喻

hyperbole 夸张

irony 反语

metonymy 转喻

parallelism 排比

personification 拟人

analogy 类比

understatement 含蓄陈述

euphemism 委婉语

pun 双关语

sarcasm 讽刺

（四）文学评论

create 创造；造成

appreciate 欣赏；赞赏

enjoy 欣赏；享受……的乐趣；喜欢

represent 象征；体现

award v. 授予n. 奖；奖品

describe 描写；叙述

description 描述；描写

remark 评述；言论；谈论

comment n. & v. 评论；点评

chapter 章；篇；回

theme 主题；题目

plot n. 故事情节v. 密谋

fantastic 极好的

fancy 花哨的；精致的

document 文件；文献

abstract adj. 抽象的n. 摘要；梗概

absurd 荒谬的；怪诞不经的

national 国家的；民族的

outstanding 优秀的；杰出的

permanent 永久的；永恒的

ridiculous 荒谬的；可笑的

short 缺乏；不足

in short 简言之

simple 简单的

spiritual 精神的

greedy 贪婪的

considerate 体贴的

straight 简单明了的

straightforward 简单的；坦率的

aggressive 好斗的；侵略的

simple-minded 头脑简单的

vivid 生动的；逼真的

conservation （对自然环境的）保护

fantasy 幻想；想象

attention 注意；留心

call/draw attention to 使（人们）关注……

pay attention to 注意

attraction 吸引；爱慕

background 出身背景

attractive 迷人的；有吸引力的

characteristic 典型的；独特的

typical 典型的；有代表性的

classic 典型的；有代表性的

unique 唯一的；独一无二的

classical 传统的；古典的

international relation 国际关系

make a distinction between right and wr

ong 明辨是非

Ⅱ. 美句背诵

1. Some minds seem almost to create themselves， springing up under every disadvantage and working their solitary but irresistible way through a thousand obstacles. 有些人仿佛自己成就自己，在逆境中崛起， 在无数阻碍中孤身一人却又不可阻挡地开辟自己的道路。

2. Simply put， literature represents the culture and tradition of a language or a people. The concept is difficult to precisely define， though many have tried; it's clear that the accepted definition of literature is constantly changing and evolving.简单地说，文学代表了一种语言或一个民族的文化和传统。 尽管许多人已经尝试过，但这个概念很难准确定义。 很明显，公认的文学定义在不断变化和发展。

3. Students who study literature and read for pleasure have a larger vocabulary，better reading comprehension， and better communication skills， such as writing ability. Communication skills affect people in every area of their lives， from navigating interpersonal relationships to participating in meetings in the workplace to drafting interoffice memos or reports. 学习文学和以阅读为乐的学生拥有更大的词汇量、更强的阅读理解能力，以及更好的沟通技巧，例如写作能力。 从处理人际关系到参加工作场所的会议，再到起草办公室间的备忘录或报告，沟通技巧会影响人们生活的方方面面。

4. The difficulty of literature is not to write， but to write what you mean; not to affect your reader， but to affect him precisely as you wish. 文学的困难不在于写作，而在于写出你的意思；不在于影响你的读者，而在于如你所愿地影响他。

5. Literature has the power to shine a light on a society's beliefs and practices.It forces readers to ask questions， start conversations and look for answers， even if one true answer doesn't exist. The themes，characters and lessons in literature are ones that can all be compared to the people and events that readers see in the real world. In that sense， literature is a reflection of society. 文学有能力照亮一个社会的信仰和实践。 它迫使读者提出问题、开始对话并寻找答案，即使一个真正的答案并不存在。文学中的主题、人物和教训都可以从读者在现实世界中看到的人物和事件中找到原型。 从这种意义上说，文学反映了社会。

6. Exposing oneself to good literary works is equivalent to providing one with the finest educational opportunities. On the contrary， the lack of exposure to good literature is equal to depriving oneself of the opportunity to grow. 让自己接触好的文学作品，就等于给自己提供了最好的教育机会。与之相反，没有接触到好的文学作品，就等于剥夺了自己成长的机会。

Ⅲ. 读后创写

假定你是李华，你的网友Peter给你写信说他想了解你喜欢的一本中文名著，请你向他介绍。 内容包括：

1. 喜欢的著作名称；

2. 喜欢的原因。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter，

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Ⅳ. 主题测评

见P51～P60自测园地“文学，永恒的经典”内容。