文学作品的体裁

安徽 张 岚

文学是艺术的主要表现形式之一。 文学的分类较多，小说、纪实文学、诗歌和戏剧，都是文学的重要类型。

说明文★★★建议用时体裁6分钟文章词数352难度

1Like other art forms， literature is classified into four main literary genres—fiction，non-fiction， poetry， and plays.

●Fiction

2The most popular literary genre nowadays is fiction. Fiction， in literature， is any work that is created by the imagination， or in other words， not real. These stories may be based on real events or persons， but most of them have been altered. Fiction often includes novels and short stories. Fiction focuses on the narrative (叙述) and the meanings from their authors. Here， the art of storytelling is most important， which consists of the plot， setting， characters， conflict， and theme.

●Creative non-fiction

3This literary genre is the opposite of fiction， although they are very similar in terms of components (成分) and their usage of storytelling techniques. Creative nonfiction makes use of stories， people， or events that really happened. The strain for most writers of creative non-fiction is the need to be 100% true to the facts—they cannot alter any minor detail. In fact， the only detail non-fiction writers can change is the names of the characters or places to protect the people involved. Creative non-fiction includes personal narrative essays， biographies， autobiographies or memoirs， and literary journalism.

●Poetry

4Probably poetry is the oldest literary genre， dating back to prehistoric times when it was still part of oral tradition. Due to its origin in oral tradition， poetry is characterized by meter and rhyme. Over time， different styles and schools of poetry developed. And，from having a strict meter and rhyme， contemporary poems developed to free verse， which is characterized by their rhythm and sound.

●Plays

5The play is the most elusive of literary genres which often goes beyond our understanding. Being a performance， there is no sole creator to which we can ascribe (归因于)its greatness or failure. It is a cooperation between the playwright， the director， the light technician， the costume designer， actors， and at times even the audience. Plays primarily make use of dialogues between characters， so the stage direction and acting are important components. Today， plays continue to be staged all around the world， but another version has appeared—films， which use similar elements as plays but are executed differently.

Reading Check

Ⅰ. Choose the best answers according to the text

Ⅱ. Discussion

What are the different genres of literature? Can you tell their differences?

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Language Study

Ⅰ. Discover useful structures in the text

1. which引导的非限制性定语从句

Here， the art of storytelling is most important， which consists of the plot， setting，characters， conflict， and theme. 在这里，讲故事的艺术是最重要的，它由情节、背景、人物、冲突和主题组成。

2. although引导的让步状语从句

This literary genre is the opposite of fiction， although they are very similar in terms of components and their usage of storytelling techniques. 这种文学体裁与小说相反，尽管它们在组成部分和讲故事的技巧的使用方面非常相似。

Ⅱ. Memorize some text-centered chunks

be classified into 分（类）为

in other words 换言之；换句话说；也就是说

be based on 基于；以……为基础

focus on 专注于；关注；聚焦于

consist of 包括；由……组成

in terms of 依据；从……角度看；根据……来说

make use of 使用；利用

date back to 追溯到

due to 由于

all around the world 全世界