CONTENTS

（2022-01）

（1）

Administrative Burdens：Literature Review and Research Prospect

Ma Liang

（School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872）

Abstract：Administrative burdens are various costs which citizens and businesses have to bear during their interactions with government agencies, including but not limited to learning cost, compliance cost, and psychological cost, which have profound ramifications to government performance, business environment, and social equity.In this paper, we review the literature on administrative burdens, and discuss future theoretical and empirical research directions.We argue that future studies should focus on the conceptualization and measurement of administrative burdens in the context of China, explore the antecedents and mechanisms of administrative burdens, and examine the consequences of administrative burdens.

Key words：Administrative burden; Digital governance; State-citizen interaction; Street-level bureaucracy; Social equity

（2）

The Connection between State and Society and Its Evolution Logic

——Theoretical Analysis Centered on the Demand-service Relationship

Han Zhiming1He Jingjing2

（1.School of International and Public Affairs, China Institution for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030；2.School of Administration，Jilin University，Changchun 130012）

Abstract：Demand-service relationship, which is constructed by multiple subjects for solving social problems, directly reflects the connection status between state and society.It is an important starting point of examining state-society relations.According to two dimensions—the "demands" of the public and the "services" of the government and its functional departments, all kinds of demand-service relations can generally be divided into "no demands and no services", "demands being processed hard", "timely services to demands", etc.They show the differences in associativity of state-society relations.Various of demand-service relations are different in the point position, speed, frequency and intensity of connection, so there are also discrepancies in the ways, rhythms and results of problem solving finally.Exploring the characteristics of demand-service relations at various times, we can find that the connection between state and society contains special evolutionary logic, including the transition from state-centered model to society-centered model, from closeness to openness, from simplicity to precision, from public goods to individual interests, from unequal domination to cooperative games, and from manual operation to technological governance.Many governance reforms all revolve around the demand-service relations,such as the establishment of 12345 hotline, the reform of "stay responsive to the call of the people", the reform of "swift response to public complaints", and so forth.These reforms provide new ways to solve social problems and reconstruct the connection between state and society.Taking demand-service relations as the entry point to examine the connection status between state and society is not only beneficial to perceive the essence of reforms on demand-service relationship, but also provides a new perspective and new knowledge to comprehend state-society relationship and its evolution.

Key words：Demand-service relationship; Swift response to public complaints; Relations between state and society; Problem solving; Social governance

（3）

The Impact Evaluation of the Three Years Reform of "Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately" in Beijing from the Perspective of CIPP Model

Li Wenzhao

（Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

Abstract：Since 2019, Beijing began to use the 12345 citizen service hotline as the main channel to promote the reform of"Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately", so as to realize that the people have a call and I have a response.After more than three years of operation, the reform system and mechanism of "Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately" has become increasingly effective and finalized, and the effect of leveraging the governance reform of mega-cities with a "small incision" has become prominent.Based on the consideration of optimizing and improving the operation system of"Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately", combined with the CIPP model for project and policy evaluation proposed by Daniel Stufflebeam, we systematically evaluated the governance contexts, governance inputs, governance processes and governance products of the reform of "Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately", sorted out the operation logic of the "Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately", summarized the results achieved, and proposed the problems and challenges faced.Finally we also put forward some suggestions on further optimizing the reform of "Receiving and Handling Complaints Immediately".

Key words：Receiving and handling complaints immediately; Impact evaluation; CIPP model

（4）

Risk Buffering of Shenzhen Exemplar Under the Perspective of Central-local Relation：Structure,Process and Mechanism

Zheng Chongming

（School of Government Management，shenzhen University, Shenzhen Guangdong 518060）

Abstract：Shenzhen as an exemplar of Chinese governance comes from both incentives and constraints.In the national narrative of central-local relations, existing research focuses on the incentive mechanism of the Shenzhen exemplar.This paper mainly discusses the constraint mechanism of the Shenzhen exemplar, that is, how to prevent and effectively control the reform risks of the Shenzhen exemplar under the incomplete principal-agent central-local relationship.We find that, in order to obtain the rapid promotion and replication of the pilot policy in Guangdong Province, as well as to harvest the spillover effect of Shenzhen exemplar, Guangdong actively supported and protected the development of Shenzhen, and played an important vertical risk buffering role between Shenzhen and the central government, which has created a good reform space for development.This risk buffer mechanism of the differential Reciprocity makes up for the lack of unilateral emphasis on the incentive function, thus making the interpretation of the Shenzhen sample more complete, and at the same time further enriching the theoretical depth of the central-local relation.

Key words：Shenzhen exemplar; Risk buffering; Central-local relation; Incomplete principal-agent；Differential reciprocity

（5）

The Selection Logic of Policy Tools under Multiple Principal-agent Relationships

——Analysis of 1,069 Policy Texts on Public Health Emergencies

Zhai Wenkang Tan Xihan

（School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

Abstract：In the face of public health emergencies, China has basically achieved success in the control of COVID-19.What is the code of China's success? This paper makes a textual analysis of 1069 epidemic prevention and control policies, and finds that under the principal-agent relationship between the superior and subordinate governments, the government and the public, the government and the society, and based on the triple logic of bureaucracy, service and knowledge, the government will choose the corresponding administrative, guiding and supportive tools to integrate the forces of all actors.The government chooses the administrative tool to unify the actions within the government system, the guided tool to unify the thoughts and actions of the public and the government in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and the supportive tool to enable the social forces to give play to their professional advantages to help the epidemic control.Theoretically, na-tional governance becomes the fifth approach about the choice of policy tools.The combination of several kinds of tools reflects the characteristics of integration, in the public health emergency activities, the mode of integration governance has been formed.Through integration governance, the government, the society and the public are united to accomplish great things, and the collective action of epidemic control is realized.

Key words：Policy tools; Integrated governance; Principal-agent; COVID-19

（6）

Capturing Rationality with Big Data：Rational Reconstruction Logic of Public Decisions under the"Data-Knowledge-Decision" Model

Zhang Hongchun Yang Tao

（School of Public Administration, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025）

Abstract：Rationality and knowledge is the core principle of modern public decision-making.What restricts decision-making rationality and how to expand decision-making rationality is the big question for public decision-making research.This study attempts to theoretically analyze and construct this problem in the context of big data.Based on the cognitive pyramid model and the decision-making process theory, a rational decision-making framework of "data-knowledge-decision" is constructed, and two different data views and methodologies of small data and big data are embedded in it respectively to demonstrate the constraints and growth of decision rationality.The study found that in the era of small data, decision-makers subject to data scarcity conditions have significant cognitive biases in decision-making fact perception, decision-making value integration, and decision-making law discovery, and cannot effectively break through the decision-making dilemma of limited rationality.The emergence of big data technologies, resources and methods has provided decision makers with new data-intensive conditions, which can not only change the data and factual basis of decision makers, but also correct the deviation between the value signal of public decision-making and the causal law, and promote public decision-making.A new paradigm of decision-making with precise problem definition, scientific decision-making planning, and intelligent decision-making optimization is generated.

Key words：Public decision-making; Big data; Information; Knowledge; Rationality

（7）

The Operational Mechanism and Practical Logic of Leading Rural Governance with Party Construction in the New Era

——Multi-case Study Based on the Grounded Theory

Wu Peihao Zhao Menghan

（School of Public Management，Northwest University，Xi’an 710127）

Abstract：The Party building leading rural governance has becoming the important policy issue and realistic mission in the new era of national governance.However, related research shows us a separation tendency between theory and experience,and between whole and concrete.This article uses procedural grounded theory to deconstruct and remodel eighteen classic cases about the Party building leading rural governance, and extracts holistic interpretation model to reveal the operating mechanism and practical logic from rural governance led by the Party building.The results show that social change, problem driving and political pushing constitute the dynamic mechanism to the Party building leading rural governance, organizational system and organizational capacity building are core content of Party building, the leading force is the transposition hub of the Party’s power integrating into rural field, leading mechanisms such as contact, mobilization, standardization, service, consultation and support have opened up connecting channel between the Party building and society, the remodeling of governance network at structural aspect and the generation of governance action at process aspect make rural governance,the release of rural governance efficiency and promote the prestige of Party are the performance output of rural governance led by Party building.At last, based on the deduction of interpretation model, this article sums up the practical logic of rural governance led by Party building：the choice of solutions to the problems caused by social changes is the starting point of rural governance led by Party building, changing organizational advantages of the Party into the mechanism creation of rural governance efficiency is the foothold, achieving coordination between accumulation of the Party's authority and effective rural governance is the goal.

Key words：Party building leading; Rural governance; the Grounded Theory; Operational mechanism; Practical logic

（8）

Hierarchical Management：A New Management Mode towards Social Organization

——A Case Study of Voluntary Group Management Practices in City A

Zhang Zhe Kang Xiaoguang

（School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872）

Abstract：In recent years, the Chinese government has increasingly adopted a new management way and granted social organizations as a hub when managing other social organizations.We define this way as hierarchical management.Based on the case study of voluntary group management practices in city A, it is found that hierarchical management presents the core characteristics of "selective authorization"."Selectivity" is mainly manifested in two aspects.Firstly, the authorized social organization is politically reliable and administratively reliable.Secondly, the content of authorization is mainly executive and operational functions.Hierarchical management helps the government to improve efficiency as well as control political risks in the new time.Even hierarchical management differs from traditional management mode, it still conforms to the logic of classification control and functional substitutes, and shows strong vitality of administrative absorption of society（AAS）.

Key words：Social organization; Hierarchical management; Administrative absorption of society（AAS）

（9）

Governance Empowerment and Accountability Embeddedness：An Explanatory Framework of Government Performance Appraisal in Promoting Rural Revitalization

—— Empirical Analysis Based on W Town

Lin Yingqian1,2Pang Mingli1

（1.School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073;2.School of Business,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004）

Abstract：As an important starting point to promote rural revitalization, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on its operation mechanism.By portraying the details and overall picture of the performance appraisal of W town government in Hunan province to promote rural revitalization, this paper sorts out the operation path of "multi-subject participation-cooperative production-governance network maintenance".Constructing an explanatory framework of "governance empowerment-accountability embedding" and analyzing its operational logic.It is found that "governance empowerment" is the basis of government performance appraisal to promote rural revitalization.By governance of "empowerment subject, empowerment process and empowerment result", the supply power of multiple subjects can be enhanced, the advantages of empowerment operation can be integrated, and the value of people's satisfaction can be stimulated." Accountability embedding" is the guarantee for government performance appraisal to promote rural revitalization.On the basis of governance empowerment,control elements such as technical governance, project supervision and negative incentives are embedded into government performance appraisal to promote rural revitalization, and then subject reengineering, resource integration and performance landing are realized through "subject accountability, process accountability and result accountability".The application of this explanatory framework needs to solve the problem of subject differences, enhance the awareness of democratic governance of township governments and enhance the awareness of multi-subject cooperative production.The research has a certain enlightening effect on explaining and verifying the operating mechanism of government performance appraisal to promote rural revitalization, which is conducive to comprehensively promoting the rural revitalization strategy.

Key words：Embeddedness Theory; Empowerment Theory; Government performance appraisal; Rural Revitalization; Government performance governance

（10）

Why Can't Agricultural Land Transfer Promote the Large-scale Utilization of Agricultural Land

——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Perspective of Agricultural Land Management in G Province, an Underdeveloped Region in China

Liu Qingchuan Bao Guoxian

（School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000）

Abstract：The large-scale utilization of agricultural land is the only way for the development of modern agriculture, and thetransfer of agricultural land is the prerequisite to complete the continuous and centralized utilization of agricultural land, so as to realize the large-scale utilization.So, can agricultural land transfer promote large-scale utilization? In order to explore the relationship between farmland transfer and farmland scale utilization, based on the perspective of farmland management,this paper applies the survey data of farmland governance in G Province, an underdeveloped region in Western China, using hierarchical linear model（HLM），this paper analyzes the action mechanism between agricultural land transfer and agricultural land scale utilization of the parallel mode of vertical management and territorial management of agricultural land, so as to provide a new theoretical perspective and policy reference for the large-scale utilization of agricultural land.

The results show that：（1）There is a weak positive correlation between agricultural land transfer and agricultural land scale utilization；（2）Single vertical management mode or territorial management mode can significantly and positively regulate the scale utilization of agricultural land, and the vertical management mode can promote the scale utilization of agricultural land better than territorial management mode；（3）When the two management modes are parallel, their interaction will significantly negatively regulate the relationship between agricultural land transfer and agricultural land scale utilization.Therefore,in order to improve the level of large-scale utilization of agricultural land, we must further clarify the responsibilities, obligations and collaborative leadership relationship between agricultural land management departments and local governments, so as to avoid unnecessary performance loss due to the conflict of performance value.

Key words：Farmland transfer; Farmland scale utilization; Vertical management; Territorial management; PV-GPG theory;Performance loss

（11）

The Influence of Agricultural Technology Progress to Agricultural Structure Adjustment

——Take Gansu Province as an Example

Gao Yunhong Wang Wenduo Chen Min

（School of Economics, Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics, Lanzhou 730020）

Abstract：Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, agricultural technological progress and agricultural structure adjustment are the driving force and realistic demands of high-quality agricultural development.Whether the two can complement each other has attracted much attention.Based on the Solow Growth Model, we analyze the internal connection of agricultural technology progress and agricultural structure adjustment, and carry on the mediation effect of test.Then select Gansu province as the research object, on the basis of analyzing the current situation of agricultural structure adjustment in Gansu Province, using the fixed effect variable coefficient model of 86 counties in the province from 2003 to 2018 for empirical analysis of panel data.The results showed that the influence of agricultural technology progress on the agricultural structure adjustment was different in different counties and districts of Gansu Province.Among them, the planting industry in the whole province was significantly affected by agricultural technological progress except Longnan region.In the aspect of animal husbandry, most of the province is not significantly affected by the progress of agricultural technology, but there are many traditional animal husbandry advantages, the proportion of animal husbandry output value is the most affected by the progress of technology.However, forestry and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services are not significantly affected by agricultural technological progress in most counties of the province, which should be paid more attention to.Furthermore, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward according to the application of agricultural technology progress in different regions, so as to promote the high-level and rationalization of agricultural structure adjustment in Gansu Province.

Key words：Agricultural technology progress; Agricultural structure adjustment; Mediating effect；Panel data model