文/孙杰
山东省农科院作物所小麦遗传育种团队宋健民研究员在做小麦杂交前的准备工作。图/李青Researcher Song Jianmin of the Wheat Genetics and Breeding Team, the Crop Research Institute, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, makes preparations for wheat hybridization.
“6000万第一次,6000万第二次,6000万第三次!”2021年10月31日,在山东省农科院学术报告楼礼堂,经过15次激烈“交锋”,起拍价为5300万元的布鲁氏菌活疫苗(粗糙型)生产使用权,最终以6000万元成交,成为山东省农科院第二届农业科技成果秋季拍卖会的“标王”。
这不是山东省农科院第一次尝试以拍卖的形式举行成果拍卖。2020年10月,山东省农科院在全国首创以拍卖会的形式来推广科技成果,最终拍卖的24项新成果、新技术全部成交,成交总额达1.1亿元,溢价率103.8%。而一年之后的第二届农业科技成果秋季拍卖会上,37项新成果最终拍出11165.8万元,无论是拍卖成果数量还是拍卖价格,均再创新高。
2013年,习近平总书记视察山东省农科院时作出了“给农业插上科技的翅膀”的重要指示。“想要给农业插上科技的翅膀,就要大力推动科技成果转化和产业化,让更多的科技成果落地,产生社会价值。”山东省农科院党委书记李长胜表示,通过创新成果交易方式,实现拍卖活动的常态化、规范化,打造成果转化品牌活动,可以提升成果转化效率,促进创新链和产业链精准对接,加快科研成果从样品到产品再到商品的转化,把科技成果充分应用到田间地头,把论文写在大地上。
其实,通过拍卖会推广农科成果只是山东省农科院践行“给农业插上科技的翅膀”重要指示的一个缩影。近年来,山东省农科院先后实施全国首个省级农业科技创新工程,创建“三稳一活”创新机制,坚持自主选题、协同攻关,解决山东农业产业发展“卡脖子”技术问题。围绕习近平总书记提及的13个特色农产品和区域优势主导产业,与地方政府和农业龙头企业建设79家产业技术研究院,实现全省优势农业产业全覆盖。整合省市科研力量,联合省市县农技推广中心,共同打造农业科技示范县(市)、示范园区、示范基地,实现科研创新试验田、技术推广示范田、产业发展样板田“三田合一”。
山东省农科院自主研发的“济麦22”连续9年种植面积全国第一,累计超过3亿亩,增产小麦270亿斤;“矮杰”甜樱桃矮化砧木新品种以1250万元的价格转让,创中国果树品种转让费纪录;花生单粒精播技术,创亩产782.6公斤的世界纪录;山东省农科院作物研究所研究员徐冉培育出的耐盐碱大豆品种“齐黄34”,先后以亩产353.45公斤、302.6公斤创中国夏大豆高产纪录和盐碱地单产纪录。
除了技术创新,山东省农科院还结合自身的人才优势,探索出科技联结农业、科研院所联结农村、科技专家联结农民,逐步实现农业智慧化、优质化、品牌化的农科“三联三化”模式,这种模式也被确定为山东省乡村振兴齐鲁样板七大模式之一。“三个突破”战略便是从这种模式中演变而来。
2020年,山东省农科院启动了“三个突破”战略:选择东部的烟台招远、中部的临沂费县、西部的菏泽郓城为三个样板点,利用3年时间,选派300名科研人员,打造乡村振兴科技引领型齐鲁样板示范县(市)和若干单体示范模式。截至2021年11月24日,山东省农科院已累计向三个县派出两批348人的挂职队伍,这些人中既有专家学者,也有新引进的技术人才等。
山东省农科院赵振东院士(左三)与小麦团队在田间作物所进行研究。图/李青Academician Zhao Zhendong (the third from the left) of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the wheat team conduct a research at the Field Crop Institute.
费县农民贾理昌是山东省农科院“三个突破”战略实施的受益者之一。2019年,已经是当地有名的种枣大户的贾理昌,在新闻上看到大棚里种的脆枣挣钱,便突发奇想,照着从各种资料上学来的知识,划出一片枣树,建起了4个大棚。令他没想到的是,一年之后,4 个大棚里的几百棵枣树上,只结出了一颗枣。自嘲的贾理昌将一张手托着这颗枣的照片发到朋友圈里,准备5万元将它“拍卖”。
山东省农科院聚焦科研难题,解决生产实际问题。图为针管收集蔬菜香气风味物质,为品质育种奠定基础。图/孟绍娟The Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences focuses on scientific research difficulties, and solves practical production problems. The picture depicts the scene of collecting vegetable flavor substances with needle tubing, laying a foundation for quality breeding.
贾理昌的“遭遇”惊动了准备前往费县报到的山东省农科院果树所枣树项目组博士王中堂。正式报到前,他专门协调省农科院8个所22名专家,在贾理昌的大棚里来了一场“会诊”。最终,确定导致枣树严重减产的原因是大棚未留放风口,未配置加湿装置,花期温度过高,湿度过低,不具备枣花坐果的环境条件;还有就是绿盲蝽虫害较重,破坏花器,影响坐果。对此,王中堂联合农科院其他相关所研发了低残高效精准药剂+性诱剂捕杀综合防治技术,并对大棚进行结构改造。第二年,贾理昌的大棚里脆枣便挂满枝头。在王中堂的鼓励下,贾理昌和妻子又贷款将大棚数量增加至19个。贾理昌说,由于大棚脆枣比露地提早成熟近一个月,所以价格是露地栽培的3—4倍,能达到一斤30元左右,照这样算,建19个大棚的成本基本当年就能收回来。
值得注意的是,受益的不仅是贾理昌这样的农户,还有双塔粉丝、华宝食品这样的行业龙头企业。目前,“三个突破”工作组已经围绕粮食、蔬菜、果树、畜牧、家禽、食用菌等24个产业链部署实施“链长制”。山东省农科院“三个突破”办公室副主任杨萍介绍说,经过一年多的实践,工作组已累计协助地方争取项目15个,资金2.98亿元;协助地方引进招商引资项目16个,合同金额10.97亿元;已初步探索出整县域打造科技引领乡村振兴的农科模式,以及链长制模式、利益共同体模式、科教兴村模式、产业兴镇模式、“科技+”模式、农业科技社会化服务模式、科研转化推广一体化模式等“1+N”模式。
鲲鹏展翅,一翼千里。山东省农科院党委书记李长胜介绍说,站在新的历史起点上,山东省农科院将以“给农业插上科技的翅膀”为总战略、以“推倒四面墙、迎来八面风”为总基调、以“实干兴院”为总要求、以“农业科技现代化”为总目标,牢记嘱托再出发,让农民挑上农业现代化的“金扁担”,让农业和乡村借助科技的翅膀腾飞起来、振兴起来。
培育科技人才要从娃娃抓起,农业科普进校园,有利于广大中小学生增进对农业科技知识的了解。图/李云芝The cultivation of scientific and technological talents should start from children. Agricultural science popularization in schools helps primary and secondary students to enhance their understanding of agricultural science and technology knowledge.
On November 27, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, held a symposium on agricultural science and technology, and gave the important instruction of “Adding the Wings of Science and Technology to Agriculture”. Now, keeping General Secretary Xi’s important instruction in mind, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has achieved remarkable results in the aspects of scientific and technological innovation, talent introduction and cultivation, achievement transformation and popularization, etc., and provided strong scientific and technological support for Shandong’s agricultural development.
In October 2020, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences took the lead in China in spreading scientific and technological achievements in an auction form. At the Second Autumn Auction of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Agriculture one year later, 37 new achievements were finally auctioned at the price of RMB 11,165.80. The number of auctioned achievements and the auction price both hit new highs.
In recent years, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has implemented China’s first provincial agricultural science and technology innovation project, established the “Three Steady and One Flexible” innovation mechanism, and insisted on independent subject selection and coordinated tackling of problems, with a number of technologies leading the country.
In addition to technological innovation, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has explored an agricultural science mode of linking science & technology with agriculture, research institutes with rural areas, scientific & technological experts with peasants, and gradually achieving intelligent, quality and branded agriculture based on its talent advantage. Besides, the strategy of “Three Breakthroughs” evolved from the mode.
In 2020, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences launched the strategy of “Three Breakthroughs”: choosing Zhaoyuan, Yantai in eastern Shandong, Fei County, Linyi in central Shandong, and Yuncheng, Heze in western Shandong as three model sites, and selecting 300 researchers over three years to build a number of individual demonstration models. The implementation of the strategy has benefited not only peasants, but also industry-leading enterprises like Shuangta Starch Noodles and Huabao Food.