高考英语新题型试题选登

宁夏 马祎松 山东 何晴晴

【完形填空1】

It was 11:30 at night.Ida Nelson was enjoying her bathtub time when she heard the noise of a small airplane ___1___ the nearby airport in the Alaskan village with a population of only 70.Knowing that something was wrong,if any time a plane flew over at that ___2___,Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.Nelson threw on some clothes,rushed into her ___4_and drove it at full speed to the airport,where she found a local pilot trying to ___5___ the lights by hand.

__6___,the lights would just light up by pushing the button 10 or 15 times,but not this time.Soon,she and the pilot learned of the plane’s ___7___ mission:It was a medevac（救伤直升机）,there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.

Nelson had a plan.Driving her truck to the end of the runway,she ___8___ her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow.Great idea,but it wasn’t enough.More ___9___ was needed,so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village —32 of them.Within 20 minutes,20 ___10___ arrived at the airport,many of the villagers still in nightclothes.Based on the ___11 from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.

The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.The young patient was loaded onto the plane,and it immediately took off again and ___14___ in the darkness.Before long,the patient was said to have recovered in the hospital.

In a world filled with uncertain events,the little community’s__15___ action was a big deal.

1.A.measuring B.circling

C.exploring D.monitoring

2.A.altitude B.level

C.speed D.time

3.A.discovered B.guessed

C.appreciated D.assumed

4.A.plane B.car

C.truck D.tank

5.A.switch on B.send out

C.try out D.present with

6.A.Fortunately B.Normally

C.Randomly D.Frequently

7.A.optional B.extra

C.regular D.urgent

8.A.fixed B.cleaned

C.shone D.changed

9.A.light B.power

C.technique D.trust

10.A.ambulances B.taxis

C.vehicles D.tractors

11.A.suggestion B.direction

C.expectation D.introduction

12.A.design B.picture

C.number D.queue

13.A.guided B.attracted

C.limited D.trained

14.A.escaped B.disappeared

C.searched D.crashed

15.A.desperate B.precise

C.sensitive D.determined

【命题意图】本语篇选自2021 年3 月期美国Reader’s Digest 杂志，语篇原汁原味，略有删改。文章讲述了以Ida Nelson 为首的一群小镇居民帮助一架救伤直升机运送病人的故事。主题语境为人与社会，体裁是记叙文，是高考英语完形填空的常考体裁之一。人与社会主题语境下的助人为乐、团结合作是高考英语试卷中的高频话题。本篇完形填空与2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷（供山东省使用）完形填空的体裁一致，命题角度和考查知识点接近。本语篇的预设难度为中等，其中考查动词5 处，动词短语1 处，名词6 处，形容词2 处，副词1 处。命题侧重于考查学生对整体故事情节的把握，尤其考查学生根据上下文内容对故事细节进行推理判断的能力。本题的设误点主要为考生对细节描写的把控，对词汇差异的判断，以及能否根据上下文提示进行合乎逻辑的推断。笔者希望通过这篇文章，学生能够更好地把握完形填空题型的考点以及解题思路和方法。

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一架运送病人的救伤直升机因机场灯光故障无法降落，附近村民共同努力利用车灯为飞机导航，完成紧急救援的故事。

1.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“ It was 11:30 at night.”和下文“Knowing that something was wrong,if any time a plane flew over at that ___2___,...”可知，该架飞机深夜在机场上空盘旋，无法降落。circling 意为“盘旋”。故选B。

2.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“ It was 11:30 at night.”可知，时间很晚了，飞机在机场上空盘旋是因为出了故障。time意为“时间”。故选D。

3.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.Nelson threw on some clothes,rushed into her ___4_and drove it at full speed to the airport,where she found a local pilot trying to ___5___ the lights by hand.”一系列动作可以判断，Nelson 跳出浴缸，跑到窗前，观察到机场的情况后决定到现场帮忙。discovered 意为“发现”。故选A。

4.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文“Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.” 以 及 后 文“Driving her truck to the end of the runway,she ___8___ her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow.”可知，Nelson 从窗户看到机场跑道没有灯光后，决定到现场帮忙，于是穿好衣服驾驶她的卡车前往机场。truck 意为“卡车”。故选C。

5.A 考查动词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文“Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.”以及后文“ ___6___,the lights would just light up by pushing the button 10 or 15 times,but not this time.”可知，机场跑道没有灯光，当地领航员尝试手动开启灯光，但未能成功。switch on 意为“打开”。故选A。

6.B 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“Nelson threw on some clothes,rushed into her ___4___ and drove it at full speed to the airport,where she found a local pilot trying to ___5___ the lights by hand.”可知，通常情况下手动按压按钮10～15 次便可以开启灯光。Normally 意为“通常地”。故选B。

7.D 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文“It was a medevac（救伤直升机）,there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.”可知，将病重的女孩运送到最近的医院是一项紧急的任务。urgent 意为“紧急的”。故选D。

8.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文“The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.”可知，Nelson 利用汽车大灯将灯光投射到跑道上为飞机做引导。shone 意为“照射”。故选C。

9.A 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“Great idea,but it wasn’t enough.”可知，仅凭一辆车的灯光是不够的，因此需要更多的灯光。light 意为 “光”。故选A。

10.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后文“...,many of the villagers still in nightclothes.Based on the ___11___ from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.”可知，20位村民前来援助，驾驶的应为普通车辆。vehicles意为“汽车”。故选C。

11.B 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“Based on the ___11___ from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.”和后文“The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.”可知，救伤直升机飞行员指挥车辆排队。direction 意为“指挥，指导”。故选B。

12.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“Based on the ___11___ from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.”可知，在救伤直升机飞行员的指挥下，车辆排成一列。queue 意为“队列”。故选D。

13.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文“Nelson had a plan.Driving her truck to the end of the runway,she ___8___ her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow.” 和“The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.”可知，救伤直升机在车辆灯光的指引下，成功降落。guided意为“引导”。故选A。

14.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文“It was a medevac（救伤直升机）,there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.”和后文“Before long,the patient was said to have recovered in the hospital.”可知，病人被抬上飞机运送到医院，获得了救治。飞机在黑暗中消失。disappeared 意为“消失”。故选B。

15.D 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意可知，在这个充满不确定的世界里，这个小社区的坚定行动是一个伟大的举动。determined 意为“坚定的”。故选D。

【长难句分析】Knowing that something was wrong,if any time a plane flew over at that time,Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and discovered that the airport’s runway lights were out.（第一段第三句）

分析：现在分词Knowing 与其后that 引导的宾语从句构成原因状语，在该宾语从句中，if any time a plane flew over at that time 为条件状语从句。

译文：Nelson 知道，如果那么晚还有飞机飞过，一定是出事了，于是她跳出浴缸，跑到窗前，发现机场跑道的灯全熄灭了。

【词汇积累】

bathtub n.浴缸

transport v.运输

nightclothes n.睡衣

approach n.进场（着陆）

【作者单位 姓名】宁夏银川市贺兰县景博中学 马祎松

【完形填空2】

A farmer had a neighbor who owned poorly trained hunting dogs.They jumped the fence __1__ and chased the farmer’s lambs.The farmer asked his neighbor to keep his dogs in __2 ,but he turned a deaf ear.One day the dogs again jumped the fence,__3__ and severely injured several of the lambs.

The farmer had had enough,and went to town to __4__ a judge who said:“I could punish the hunter and __5__ him to keep his dogs chained.But you would lose a friend and gain a (n) __6__ .Which would you rather have?” The farmer replied that he preferred a friend! “All right,I will offer you a suggestion that will not only keep your lambs __7__,but also keep your neighbor a friend.” Having heard the judge’s solution,the farmer agreed.

The farmer __8__ put the judge’s suggestion to the test.He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbor’s sons,who were with great 9 .To protect his sons’newly 10 playthings,the hunter built a strong kennel（犬舍）for his dogs.Since then,the dogs have never again __11__ the farmer’s lambs.

Out of __12__ for the farmer’s generosity toward his sons,the hunter often shared the animals with the farmer.The farmer 13 the hunter by sending the hunter lamb meat he had made.Within a short time the neighbors became good friends.

A saying in old China went something like this:One can win over and influence people the best with __14__ of kindness and sympathy.A __15__ American saying:One catches more flies with honey than with vinegar!

1.A.suddenly B.frequently

C.happily D.hurriedly

2.A.detail B.turn

C.mind D.check

3.A.attacked B.grasped

C.touched D.comforted

4.A.search B.praise

C.consult D.assist

5.A.expect B.hope

C.permit D.instruct

6.A.neighbor B.hunter

C.farmer D.enemy

7.A.attractive B.secure

C.strong D.lovely

8.A.politely B.immediately

C.fearfully D.patiently

9.A.anxiety B.embarrassment

C.joy D.anger

10.A.imported B.acquired

C.produced D.purchased

11.A.bothered B.interrupted

C.protected D.tolerated

12.A.curiosity B.memory

C.question D.appreciation

13.A.repaid B.helped

C.replied D.recalled

14.A.feeling B.position

C.gesture D.comment

15.A.complex B.similar

C.famous D.conventional

【命题意图】本篇完形填空素材改编自Ajar Mishar的文章The Sentence of A Wise Judge– A Powerful Story From Ancient China。笔者在命题时考虑了文章立意、体裁、主题、词数和设题点。文章体裁是记叙文，主题是引导学生以明智的方式、善良的姿态解决问题。本篇完形填空共有15 个设空，其中考查动词6 处、名词5 处、形容词2 处、副词2 处。本完形填空试题与2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷（供山东省使用）体裁一致。命题侧重于引导学生对事件的发展过程进行梳理和理解，以及对情感色彩进行把握。

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位农民养了羊，其邻居家的狗经常袭击羊，农民劝说猎人无果，向法官求助。农民按照法官的建议，送给猎人的儿子3只小羊，猎人为了保护小羊，为狗搭建了结实的犬舍。小羊安全了，农民和猎人也成了好朋友。故事告诉学生遇到问题时要学会转换思路，以明智的方式、善良的姿态对待问题更有助于问题的解决！

1.B 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“The farmer asked his neighbor to keep his dogs in ___2___,but he turned a deaf ear.One day the days again jumped the fence”可知，邻居的狗追逐农民的羊，农民让邻居管好他的狗，邻居充耳不闻。一天，狗又跳过了栅栏。由此推知狗经常跳过栅栏。frequently 意为“经常地”。故选B。

2.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“The farmer asked his neighbor to keep his dogs in ___2___ ”和“but he turned a deaf ear”可知，这个农民让邻居管好他的狗，但他的邻居却置之不理。keep sth.in check意为“控制某事”。frequently意为“经常地”故选D。

3.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文“severely injured several of the lambs”可知，狗重伤了几只羊，由此推知狗袭击了羊。attacked 意为“袭击”。故选A。

4.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“The farmer had had enough”可知，农民让邻居管好他的狗，但是邻居充耳不闻，农民受够了，于是去向法官请教。consult 意为“咨询，请教”。故选C。

5.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“I could punish the hunter and ___5_him to keep his dogs chained”可知，法官说他可以惩罚这个猎人，命令他把狗锁起来。instruct 意为“命令”。故选D。

6.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“lose a friend”和“gain a (n) ___6___.”可知，法官对农民说如果他惩罚这个猎人，命令他把狗锁起来，农民将会失去一个朋友，多了一个敌人。enemy 意为“敌人”。故选D。

7.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文可知，农民的邻居的狗经常跳过栅栏，并袭击农民的羊，法官给农民一条建议，不仅可以让农民的羊安全，而且可以让他们成为朋友” 。secure意为“安全的”。故选B。

8.B 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbor’s sons”可知，农民一回到家就立刻采用了法官给出的建议，赠送给邻居的儿子三只羊。immediately 意为“立刻”。故选B。

9.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文“To protect his sons’ newly ___10_playthings,the hunter built a strong kennel (犬舍) for his dogs.”可知，猎人为了保护孩子的玩伴，为他的狗搭建了结实的犬舍，由此推知猎人的儿子有了3 只羊，非常开心。joy 意为“开心”。故选C。

10.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbor’s sons”可 知，农民送给了猎人三只羊作为礼物，这三只羊即猎人的儿子新获得的玩具。acquired 意为“获得”故选B。

11.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“the hunter built a strong kennel(犬舍)for his dogs”可知，猎人为他的狗搭建了结实的犬舍，从那之后，这些狗再也没有打扰农民的羊。bothered意为“打扰”。故选A。

12.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文可知，农民送给邻居的儿子三只羊，邻居对于农民的慷慨之举表示感激。appreciation 意为“感激”。故选D。

13.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文可知，农民送给邻居的儿子三只羊，猎人出于感激与农民分享他猎到的动物，农民送给猎人羊肉作为回报。repaid 意为“报答，回报”。故选A。

14.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文农民和邻居的故事可知，一个人可以用善良和同情的姿态去影响别人。gesture 意为“姿态”。故选C。

15.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】One catches more flies with honey than with vinegar! 意为：用蜜比用醋能捉住更多的苍蝇，和“One can win over...sympathy”（用善良和同情的姿态影响别人），意思类似。similar 意为“相似的”。故选B。

【亮点句积累】One catches more flies with honey than with vinegar!（最后一段最后一句）

译文：用蜜比用醋能捉到更多的苍蝇！

【词汇积累】

keep sth.in check 控制某物

turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻，不加理睬，置之不理

have had enough 受够了

present sth.to sb.赠送某人某物

【作者单位 姓名】山东省济南西城实验中学 何晴晴

【读后续写】

I am 25 years old and some memories about Dad’s remarkable quality are impressed on my mind.

It was on a Christmas Eve when I was five years old that my dad upon arriving home from work,informed my mom and me that he would be working the next day,Christmas Day.

“WHAT DADDY? WHY? WHY DO YOU HAVE TO WORK ON CHRISTMAS DAY?”

My dad,who was the manager of his work station,calmly explained that yes,although he was not scheduled to work,he volunteered to do so.

My mom was visibly upset.“Ren,you work on Christmas day every year.Man,you are not making any Christmas memories with these kids.” The rest of the evening we were discouraged.My mom and I were both very upset with Daddy.

I awoke on Christmas morning to the sounds of Christmas songs on our huge radio that was stationed in the living room.Mom and Dad were joking about something or the other there.She had apparently forgiven him sometime over the course of the night.

It was Christmas Day! I ran straight for the living room to wish my mom,dad and brother the merriest Christmas ever!After we all greeted each other,we began our usual Christmas morning ritual（仪式）:Dad read the Christmas story.After the Christmas story,it was time to dig into the presents under the tree.It was the pink kitchen set,complete with tiny plastic pots,pans,plates,cups and a whole stove in it.It was exactly what I wanted and I was thrilled.

After breakfast,my dad departed.

My mom started on Christmas Dinner.I wanted to help her,but I was too distracted（注意力分散 的）cooking my own imaginary meal on my new kitchen set.But soon I was bored with that and I joined my mother in the kitchen.“Mom,why does Daddy never get a turn to get a holiday on Christmas? I asked.Being best friends,sometimes my mom told me things she probably shouldn’t.However,my mom did not give me a satisfactory answer this time.

The rest of the day flew slowly without Dad.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I decided to ask Dad why he chose not to celebrate with us every year.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【命题意图】高考英语真题中的读后续写多选自外刊，以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主。本篇读后续写素材来源于《卫报》2020 年12 月29 日的一篇文章。文章标题是The other side of Christmas，作者是Thamar Jones。本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者的父亲圣诞节不在家过节而是去工作的故事。旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、想象力和语言表达能力，并培养学生的优秀品质。

【写作指导】

▲文章主线

已知线索：圣诞节前夕，父亲说圣诞节要工作，家人听到这个消息很不开心——圣诞节的早晨，“我”收到礼物很开心——早饭后，父亲上班去了——母亲在准备圣诞节晚餐，“我”百般无聊，想起父亲……

▲可续写线索

Para.1：根据续写原文最后一段可知，作者无聊地走进厨房，向母亲询问父亲圣诞节工作的原因，母亲并没有给出满意的答案。根据续写第一段首句可知，对“我”来说，接下来的这一天因为没有父亲的陪伴而过得很慢。所以，这一段应主要描述父亲没有参与当天的活动，“我”因为父亲不在而抑郁寡欢，渴望知道父亲不能在家陪伴“我们”过圣诞节的原因，和续写第二段首句照应。

Para.2:根据原文可知，圣诞节人人都想在家庆祝，而父亲每年都自愿在圣诞节这一天工作。同时，由“我”在圣诞节这一天收到自己想要的礼物可知，父亲很重视这个节日。那为什么每年圣诞节父亲都自愿去工作呢？结合原文第一段可知，父亲的优秀品质一直印在“我”的脑海里，所以这一段应主要描述父亲替别人着想。

One possible version

The rest of the day flew slowly without Dad.During lunch when we carved the turkey,Dad wasn’t here;at night when my aunts and cousins stopped by,he wasn’t here;when we were enjoying the laughter,he completely missed it.Christmas Day came and gone and I felt pitiful for my dad.For me,volunteering to work on Christmas every year equalled that I preferred to go to school rather than take Christmas vacation.I was puzzled about Dad’s choice.

I decided to ask Dad why he chose not to celebrate with us every year.Hardly had my dad arrived home the next day when I couldn’t wait to ask.Daddy’s response impressed me a lot.Christmas is a happy time with great memories filled with love and family.The other employees all wanted the day off.It was he,the manager of the station that should bear the responsibility.Only if he led the role could more people spend a happier Christmas.Dad’s selflessness quality has a lasting effect on me.

【范文赏析】

情节方面，范文保证了文章的完整性、衔接性、合理性和融洽度。（1）完整性：在原文第一段中作者采用了倒叙的方法，讲述了父亲每年圣诞节都不在家过节而是去工作，范文在原文的基础上描述了父亲没有参与当天的活动，“我”渴望知道父亲不能在家陪伴“我们”过节的原因，即父亲替别人着想。最后升华文章主题。（2）衔接性：范文情节衔接紧密，推动故事的发展。续写第一段首句说这一天因为没有父亲的陪伴而过得很慢，范文接着讲述圣诞节当天的活动，“我”渴望知道原因，因此询问父亲，和第二段首句衔接紧密，第二段父亲的回答解答了“我”的疑问。所以，范文环环相扣，层次分明，衔接紧密。（3）合理性：圣诞节全家团聚，而父亲因工作而不能陪伴，孩子为此不太开心，最后知道真正的原因后理解父亲。（4）融洽度：范文注重和原文的融洽。如范文第二段和原文第一段写父亲的优秀品质相呼应。

语言方面，续写第一段采用排比句表达了作者圣诞节当天对父亲的思念。completely,pitiful,rather than,be puzzled about,filled with,bear the responsibility 等词或短语的使用符合高考英语对考生3500 词的要求，和情节紧密相连，使用恰当。Hardly had my dad arrived home the next day when I couldn’t wait to ask.Only if he led the role could more people spend a happier Christmas.等倒装句式的使用灵活、地道。