高考英语新题型试题选登

甘肃 董国勇 浙江 陈文炜

【完形填空】

Yogita Raghuvanshi is well-known as India’s first woman truck driver.A qualified lawyer,she 1 the tough life on the highways to look after her family.

Her story is one of courage,determination and resilience（韧性）.Yogita grew up in Nandurbar in Maharashtra with her family,2 degrees in Commerce and Law.She was happy being a 3 and a mother when her husband encouraged her to study law.When her husband died 16 years ago,she preferred to 4 on the road than practice law.

Yogita’s explanation is 5 .She says,“If I had chosen to be a junior to some lawyer and enter the 6 profession,I would have got only a little for the many initial years.But I7 that driving trucks meant instant wages and greater stability.In a country that is developing at such a rapid pace,there will always be 8 for a truck driver.”

Yogita is far from the typical inter-state 9 .She says she never considers a 10 as a challenge.“I had made up my mind that I just want to move forward and do this for myself and my family.I kept moving forward,11 all barriers,”she adds.

While there may not be many 12 on the road,Yogita says it’s 13 that they are coming forward and taking up this job.“All I want to tell them is that one must have self-belief and must not 14 what the world thinks about them.I 15_to take challenges and this gives me a lot of confidence,”she says.

1.A.recalled B.imagined

C.preferred D.escaped

2.A.desiring B.earning

C.choosing D.quitting

3.A.lawyer B.farmer

C.scientist D.wife

4.A.drive B.wander

C.cry D.sleep

5.A.satisfactory B.funny C.practical D.accurate

6.A.traditional B.legal

C.special D.popular

7.A.learned B.hoped

C.believed D.agreed

8.A.education B.respect

C.development D.work

9.A.expert B.trucker

C.hero D.manager

10.A.mistake B.customer

C.challenge D.success

11.A.breaking B.setting

C.hitting D.preventing

12.A.cars B.accidents

C.partners D.women

13.A.encouraging B.surprising

C.embarrassing D.disgusting

14.A.ignore B.accept

C.forget D.doubt

15.A.wish B.attempt

C.prepare D.love

【命题意图】本语篇选自国外英文网站，语篇原汁原味。本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境为人与自我。文章主要讲述了印度妇女Yogita 成为印度第一位女卡车司机的故事。人与自我主题语境下的个人职业规划也是高考英语的高频话题。本题与2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷（供山东省使用）完形填空的体裁、语篇类型一致，命题角度和考查知识点等接近。本语篇的预设难度为中等，其中考查动词7 处，考查名词5 处，考查形容词3 处。命题侧重于考查学生对整体故事情节的把握，尤其是考查学生根据上下文对故事细节的推理判断能力。笔者希望通过这篇文章学生可以更好地掌握本题型的考点以及解题思路和方法，更好地解答此类题目。

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了印度妇女Yogita 原本是一名律师，但自从丈夫去世后，她宁愿当一名女卡车司机去赚钱养家，她也是印度第一位女卡车司机。

1.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“When her husband died 16 years ago,she preferred to 4 on the road than practice law.”可知，作为一名合格的律师，她宁愿在高速公路上过艰苦的生活去照顾家人。preferred 意为“宁愿”。故选C。

2.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第一段第二句中的“A qualified lawyer”可知，Yogita 和家人在马哈拉施特拉邦的南都巴长大，获得了商业和法律学位。earning 意为“获得”。故选B。

3.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据设空处后半句“when her husband encouraged her to study law”可知，作为一位妻子和母亲，她很高兴。wife 意为“妻子”。故选D。

4.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Yogita Raghuvanshi is well-known as India’s first woman truck driver.”可知，她的丈夫在16 年前去世，从那以后，她宁愿在马路上开车，也不愿再当一名律师。drive 意为“开车”。故选A。

5.C 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据设空处后一句“...If I had chosen to be a junior to some lawyer and enter the 6 profession,I would have got only a little for the many initial years.”可知，Yogita 的解释是切合实际的。practical 意为“实际的”。故选C。

6.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据设空处前半句“If I had chosen to be a junior to some lawyer”可知，此处表示如果她选择进入法律行业。legal 意为“法律的”。故选B。

7.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空前“I would have got only a little for the many initial years.”及本句语境可知，“我得知开卡车意味着可以得到即时的工资，且稳定性更强”。learned意为“得知”。故选A。

8.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句“In a country that is developing at such a rapid pace”可知，在一个如此快速发展的国家，卡车司机总是会有工作的。work 意为“工作”。故选D。

9.B 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文以及后一句“She says she never considers a 10 as a challenge.”可知，Yogita 不是典型的州际卡车司机。trucker 意为“卡车司机”。故选B。

10.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后一句“I had made up my mind that I just want to move forward and do this for myself and my family.I kept moving forward,11 all barriers,”可知，她从不把挑战当作挑战。challenge 意为“挑战”。故选C。

11.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前一句“She says she never considers a 10 as a challenge.”以及本句语境可知，她不断前进，打破了所有的障碍。breaking 意为“打破”。故选A。

12.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据文章第一句“Yogita Raghuvanshi is well-known as India’s first woman truck driver.”可知，在印度，女卡车司机可能不多。women 意为“女人”。故选D。

13.A 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“...they are coming forward and taking up this job.”可知，令人振奋的是，她们开始接受这份工作。encouraging 意为“振奋人心的”。故选A。

14.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句“All I want to tell them is that one must have self-belief ”可知，Yogita 只想告诉她们，一个人必须有自信，不能接受世界对自己的看法。accept意为“接受”。故选B。

15.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“...and this gives me a lot of confidence”以及文章内容可知，Yogita喜欢接受挑战。love意为“喜爱”。故选D。

【长难句分析】While there may not be many women on the road,Yogita says it’s encouraging that they are coming forward and taking up this job.（最后一段第一句）

分析：While 引导让步状语从句；says 后是一个宾语从句，其中it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句。

译文：虽然路上的女性卡车司机可能不多，但Yogita说，令人鼓舞的是，她们开始站出来接受这份工作。

【词汇积累】

qualified adj.具备资格的，有条件的

initial adj.最初的，开始的

wage n.工资

barrier n.障碍

【作者单位 姓名】甘肃省积石山县民族中学 董国勇

【读后续写】

Amy bathed in the late August sun as she sat atop her lifeguard post at the small public beach.The surf was up,but it’s still early and only one surfer alone worked the waves.She breathed deeply,enjoying the nice sounds of the ocean and the warm breeze.Life guarding was the ideal job for Amy,who dreamed of becoming a champion swimmer.Her schedule at the beach worked well with her training,and the additional onduty time in the water helped build her strength.

As she casually watched the surfer,Amy day-dreamed about her next competition and imagined herself being the first to cross the finish line.She opened her cooler filled with ice and bottled water and pulled out a cold drink to ease her thirst.

Scanning the surf again,Amy became uneasy and shocked,shifting in her seat for a clearer view.She saw the surfer’s board but no longer saw the young man.

“Where is he?”she said aloud as she reached nervously for her telescope.Searching the water around the empty board,Amy saw nothing but waves.She jumped up,grabbing the buoy rope and hanging it over her shoulder,and ran into the surf.She swam with long,powerful strokes toward the floating surfboard.When she reached her destination,she located the ankle rope and dove down,hoping to find the surfer still linked to his board.

Suddenly something bumped（撞上）hard into her.As Amy turned around,horror flooded her right to the bone.The gray object that had hit her was a shark fin（鳍）.At that moment,Amy saw teenaged boy was just feet in front of her,one foot bleeding—and in the jaws of the shark.

Amy burst to the surface and gulped down as big a reserve of air as her lungs could hold and dove back toward the shark.Terrified but determined to rescue the young man,Amy gathered all her strength and delivered one powerful kick to the shark’s snout（口鼻部）.Surprised more than hurt,the shark opened its mouth just long enough for Amy to snatch the surfer and rushed back toward the surface.

Fearing that the shark may follow and attack,Amy swam frantically toward the coast.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Six weeks later,outside the small hall of her seaside village,Amy was honored in a ceremony for saving Tom.______________________________________________________

【命题意图】本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境是人与社会（鲨口救人）。文章主要讲述了热爱游泳的Amy 是当地一个海滩的救生员。一天，Amy 及时发现一个男孩冲浪时遭遇险情，赶紧下水救人，男孩遭到鲨鱼袭击，被鲨鱼咬住腿。Amy 不顾危险，全力踢向鲨鱼的口鼻部，才从鲨鱼口中救下男孩。本篇读后续写旨在考查学生对于危急或救援的故事情节的构思能力，以及进行紧张刺激的心理和动作描写的能力。

【写作指导】

已知线索：

叙事要素：时间：8 月底的一天；地点：海上；人物：Amy,the boy (Tom),others

故事情节：救生员Amy 在悠闲地享受暖风——发现唯一的冲浪男孩不见了——Amy 赶紧下水救人——Amy发现男孩被鲨鱼咬住腿——Amy 勇敢果断地踢向鲨鱼的口鼻部——从鲨鱼口中救下男孩——怕鲨鱼追上来袭击，Amy 拖着男孩疯狂地朝岸上游……

可续写线索：

Para.1：由于担心鲨鱼会继续攻击，Amy 拖着男孩疯狂地向海岸游去。在如此危急的情形下，Amy 心里恐慌吗？她的内心活动是什么？鲨鱼有没有追上来？最终Amy 成功救下男孩了吗？对这些问题的回答基本上就构成了续写第一段的主要内容。根据续写第二段首句“六周后，Amy因为鲨口勇救Tom 而受到人们的褒奖”可知，Amy 最终成功地救下了Tom。因此，续写第一段的主要内容应为Amy 如何克服心里的恐惧，奋力全速游向海岸。结合原文开头提及Amy 的梦想是在游泳比赛中获得冠军。那么这次救人其实也算是一种比赛，只是对手是时间，可谓生死时速。如果学生能在续写部分体现出与原文的照应，笔者相信会为习作增添色彩。

Para.2：第二段首句写道人们为了褒奖Amy，给她举行了一个嘉奖仪式，由此可知这段的重点是描述哪些人参加了嘉奖仪式，他们如何嘉奖和赞扬Amy 的勇敢? Amy对此的反应如何？被救的Tom 会参加这个仪式吗？他是怎样向Amy 表达感激之情的？因此，第二段主要的内容应是基于嘉奖仪式的场景描写，描写到场人物的表情、动作、心理和语言。最后可以适当升华主题，为续写画上圆满的句号。

One possible version

Fearing that the shark may follow and attack,Amy swam frantically toward the coast.Desperation drove her to swim harder than she had in the heat of competition.This race wasn’t against other swimmers but against the odds that she and her nearly drowned surfer would survive.The finish line wasn’t a painted bar at the bottom of the pool but the safety of shore.Amy gasped for breath and reached deep within herself for the strength to push the dead weight of her victim through the surging tide.She was so focused that she even didn’t notice several surfers racing to help.Once on the beach,the boy was rushed to hospital.

Six weeks later,outside the small hall of her seaside village,Amy was honored in a ceremony for saving Tom.She listened appreciatively as local dignitaries,police,rescue workers,and doctors praised her rescue effort.Amy’s courage,quick thinking,and swift action had saved Tom’s life and his foot.Amy’s favorite part of the ceremony,however,was when she looked across the parking lot and spotted Tom,who was recovering well and,miraculously,was on his way to regaining full use of his right foot.Their eyes met—surfer and lifeguard,victim and rescuer.Tom’s expression spoke a gratitude that only a person who had been given a second chance at life could communicate and that only a hero could understand.Amy could ask no better reward.

【范文赏析】

范文与所给原文在内容、逻辑和语言上非常具有协同性，且与所给的段落提示句衔接紧密且自然。在内容和语言上，范文第一段对Amy 危急情景下的动作和心理描写非常细致和到位，画面感十足，尤其是呼应了原文第一段Amy想象着自己在游泳比赛夺冠的情况。“Desperation drove her to swim harder than she had in the heat of competition.”一句用了无灵主语句生动形象地写出了Amy 内心的紧张和急迫。接下来的几句，也都是从比赛的视角，写出“鲨口救人”的生死时速比赛的那种紧张和危急场景。“Amy gasped for breath and reached deep within herself for the strength to push the dead weight of her victim through the surging tide.”这句中的gasped for,reached deep within herself for strength,dead weight,surging tide 这些短语写出了Amy拖着Tom游向岸边的艰难，以及她竭尽所能的坚韧。

在语言上，范文与所给原文的语言风格一脉相承，并且恰当地使用了修辞手法和从句，让动作和心理描写形象生动，具有画面感。如“Tom’s expression spoke a gratitude that only a person who had been given a second chance at life could communicate and that only a hero could understand.”一句在动词的运用上特别地道、传神。范文的最后对主题进行了升华“Amy could ask no better reward.”一句以比较级的形式表达最高级，传达出其实对于救人者而言，最好的回报和嘉奖不是物质，而是被救者的健康恢复和对此的感激之情。因此，当Amy 看到Tom 的健康恢复和感激的表情时，Amy 心满意足，满心欢喜。