CONTENTS

Modernization of Railway and Hotel Service Facilities in the Period of the Republic of China——With Focus on the Region of Bohai Sea……………………………………………… Wen Hong Qu Xiaofan 001

Abstract:During the period of the Republic of China,with the development of railway transportation in the Bohai Sea area, the transportation became more convenient, the mobility of population increased, and the railway travel gradually became a fashion. The development of railway transportation promotes the evolution of hotel service facilities in spatial pattern and business operation.With the rise of the railway station in the towns along the railway, a large number of commercial hotel facilities are gathered near the railway station to provide accommodation services for various outbound passengers. In order to develop the railway travel industry, the railway department has set up new hotels all over the scenic spots along the railway,which has promoted the modernization of the national accommodation industry in terms of hardware facilities and management.

Keywords:Railway;Hotels;Modernization;Bohai Rim region

Richthofen's Investigation of Shanxi Province……………………………………………………………… Zhang Lijie 010

Abstract:In the late 1960s and early 1970s,German geologist Ferdinand Von Richthofen made a four-year study in China,paying special attention to Shanxi,which is rich in coal and iron resources.He traveled twice in Shanxi Province,carefully recording the coal resources, iron smelting industry, commerce, local customer and practice, which have considerable value for understanding the social and economic development of Shanxi at that time.We can draw a conclusion that Richthofen had complicated attitude towards China at that time,which is based on the interpretation of historical data and through the evaluation and analysis of his investigation and motivation, reflecting the contradiction between the preexisting knowledge and the real-time knowledge.

Keywords:Ferdinand von Richthofen;ShanXi Province;Geological survey

On Yang Xiong’s Anti-Li Sao From the Perspective of Regional Cultural Background………………… Ding Yalan 025

Abstract:Yang Xiong’s Anti-Li Sao strongly expresses the opposition to Qu Yuan’s behavior of throwing himself into the river, which is rooted in his deep feelings of“Love and pain”toward Qu Yuan. Yang Xiong has three ways of " Objection ", that is, asking without understanding, asking with understanding and quoting out of context.The most typical of these is the“Inscrutable question”,in which Qu Yuan’s actions are opposed because he does not understand Qu Yuan’s ideals.Yang Xiong’s lack of understanding of Qu Yuan is mainly determined by his indifferent personality and his outlook on life,which is closely related to the background of family migration and the regional culture of Bashu.

Keywords:Anti-Li Sao;Regional Culture;Family migration

The Research of High-rank Graves in Lingjiatan Site……………………………………………………… Zhong Xue 037

Abstract:The large burials of Lingjiatan site are famous for lots of delicate jades.Through the layout structure of the entire cemetery,the specification and the specific location of the burials,the types and quantities of funerary objects,the differences in combination,and the relationship between jades and utensils,this article tries to divided these 8 burials into 2 level and 3 groups,and tries to explore the social identity,power,and corresponding economic positions of each stratum of people,and then compare with the Liangzhu culture society.After that,it is believed that the society during the Lingjiatan site has a relative centralized leadership model,but due to the existence of a specialized divination and a noble management stratum under the centralized stratum which holds the military and political power,it has not yet reached the stage of social development in centralization of state power.

Keywords:Lingjiatan site;burials;rank;stratum

Study on Stone Site of Longshan Period in Central and Southern Inner Mongolia from an Environmental Perspective………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Zhang Ruiqiang 046

Abstract：The stone cities of Longshan period are mainly distributed in Daihai area and Nanliu Yellow River area in the central and southern part of Inner Mongolia.The stone cities of Daihai area are mainly Laoshan culture.Laoshan and Xibaiyu stone cities are dated in the early Longshan period,while Damiopo and hancheng stone cities are dated in the early Longshan period.The south Yellow River area is mainly Yongxingdian culture stone city, in which the inner city of iata stone city is in the late Longshan period.According to the environmental data and historical documents,it can be seen that the early flood disasters in Longshan were relatively serious.The Laoshan Cultural Stone City was built on the mountain at a higher altitude to avoid natural disasters such as floods.The stone city of tiger mountain culture is the result of the local prehistoric people's active adaptation to the environment, which reflects the restriction effect of the prehistoric environment on the choice of dwelling place for the ancient people. In the late Longshan period, with the division of class and wealth, the military conflicts among various groups became increasingly intensified.Therefore,horse face and other artificial defense facilities were built in the Yongxing Culture Shicheng.At this time,the function of Shicheng changed from the early defense against natural disasters to the military defense.

Keywords:Central and southern Inner Mongolia;Shicheng;LongShan Period;The flood disaster

Research on Longquan Mansion in Upper Capital of Bohai Kingdom in Tang Dynasty since 1978…… Yang Yushu 058

Abstract：In 1978 since China's reform and opening up,on the basis of archaeological investigation and made great progress, the domestic academic research on the bohai kingdom attends Beijing longquan mansion in the tang dynasty, has published a number of archaeological investigation reports, books and papers, published in the paper involves in the capital construction and buildings,sites of cultural relics and sites and place names,geographical environment and traffic,moved the capital, cultural, and other aspects.Especially since the beginning of the 21st century,with the increase of the national protection of material cultural heritage, scholars have paid more and more attention to the protection of shangjing ruins and tourism development. The deficiencies of the study of Longquan Mansion in Shangjing are as follows: The relationship between Longquan Mansion in Shangjing and the surrounding ancient sites needs to be further clarified.The research on economy,military affairs, science and technology, social life and historical status of Longquan Prefecture in Shangjing should be further strengthened.The translation work of the research works on Shangjing Longquan prefecture from Japan,Korea and South Korea is relatively backward,which is not conducive to academic exchanges and further research.

Keywords：Bohai kingdom in tang Dynasty; Shangjing Longquan Mansion;The textual research; Site protection; Tourism development

Review and Thinking of the Research on the Buddhist remains of Bohai State in the Tang Dynasty——Based on the remains of the the Buddhist remains of Bohai State in China………………… Wang Junzheng 069

Abstract:The research on Bohai Buddhist remains began with the description and textual research of Bohai Buddhist temple sites in the "Dongjing City" by a group of scholars dominated by Ningguta in the Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China,local officials and scholars in Ning'an,Changbai,and Hunchun also sorted out and mapped the relevant remains when compiling local chronicles. In the 1920s and 1940s, Russian and Japanese scholars carried out scientific archaeological investigations and systematic excavations of Bohai Buddhist temple sites in the Upper Capital, Balian City and other areas of Bohai State.In particular,Japanese archeologists(Kiichi Toriyama,Shuto Harada,Yu Saito)led by the"East Asian Archaeological Society"have made certain achievements in their investigation and excavation of Bohai Buddhist Temples.After the 1950s, academic group of China have successively carried out investigations and excavations of Bohai Buddhist temple sites,and constructed a more comprehensive spatial distribution system and status of the Bohai relics in China.

Keywords:Bohai State;Buddhist remains;the Upper Capital;Buddhist temple

The hope for longevity in Dunhuang moon worship songs,the elixir of the West Queen Mother and the sumo of the Cypriots……………………………………………………………………………… Li Bohao 083

Abstract:The ancients worshipped the moon and prayed for eternal beauty, peace and eternal life.This prayer is particularly evident in the moon worship songs in Dunhuang,which is closely related to the legend that the Western Queen Mother in Dunhuang has an immortal elixir and the sumo worship of the Cypriots widely spread in Dunhuang,showing the exotic cultural factors of Dunhuang as a place of communication between Huarong and Dunhuang.

Keywords:Dunhuang;Worship the moon;Longevity;West Queen Mother;Sumo

The Cultural Image of the Yellow Emperor in the Taoist Classics of the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties……………………………………………………………… Zhang Yanyong Lin Pengliang 090

Abstract：During the Wei,Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties,in order to improve the sanctity and authority of its own classics and realize self appreciation,Taoism actively absorbed the image of the Yellow Emperor who has been playing the dual roles of Saint King and immortal since the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties.Yellow Emperor's miracles were frequently found in many Taoist classics,such as"Baopuzi Inner Chapters","the Preface to Taishang Lingbao's Five Characters"and"Zhen Gao".Through the"simulation of historical construction"of these Taoist Classics,Yellow Emperor has been portrayed as a multicultural image such as auxiliary minister following,practicing Tao sincerely,receiving immortals,inheriting scriptures,dominating the world,leading immortals,and holding the spleen and stomach.His name was also quite rich.Tao Hongjing,the famous Taoist in the Southern Dynasty,listed the Confucian"Five Emperors"system led by"Xuanpu Immortal Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor"and those related to Yellow Emperor in fables,legends and myths,he collected these in the"True immortal position diagram",which formed a immortal group of Yellow Emperor and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of his sublime position in the Taoist theology.

Keywords：Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties;Taoist classics，Image of Yellow Emperor;Immortal group of the Yellow Emperor

A Cultural Analysis on Totemic Myths of Manchu-Tungusic Group over Northern China……………………… Li Li 109

Abstract:As the initial manifestation of the relationship between man and nature, totemic myths are the earliest form of mythology in the Manchu-Tungus Group over northern China, including Plant Totemic Myths, Animal Totemic Myths and Non-biological Totemic myths. They originated in matrilineal society, prevailed in matrilineal society and patrilineal society,and declined in the classic society.The production of Totemic Myths was a universal phenomenon in the world.One was that the function of totems satisfied a certain survival need of human beings; the other was that primitive humans had the concept of "comparison of the same kind" based on the "law of similarity". The third was that the early thinking originated from human beings was mainly governed by the"law of interpenetration".Due to the complicated historical development of the Manchu-Tungus Group and the relatively late formation of the community, the Manchu-Tungus Group did not have totems that they all worship,but it preserves the originality and authenticity of the Totemic Myths.

Keywords:Manchu-Tungusic Group;Totemic Myths;Types;Features;Basis of Production

A Brief Study on Marine Geography and the Development of Song Ci………………………………… Kang Danyun 115

Abstract：From the perspective of the facts of literary history, Pan Lang's Jiuquanzi ( the Memory of Qiantang Tide)breaks the deductive mode of Song Ci with female's cavity as its natural feature，Liu Yong's Watching the Tide leads the new trend of the long-tune system of Song Ci，Su Shi and other authors'ocean Ci open up the magnificent artistic conception of Ci with infinite pride,making Ci become a style that can express ambitions as poetry.These phenomena are closely related to the ocean, and ocean geography is one of the important factors that cause the above-mentioned literary development phenomena.On the one hand,as a kind of imitation or reproduction of the world,literary works in ocean geography provide writers with a broad and far-reaching creative territory that can be publicized and longitudinally expressed. On the other hand, the ocean is an important carrier of literature creators for the appearance of the universe and the inner temperament. When facing the ocean, his literary works will imperceptibly bring the huge, magnificent, empty, inclusive and other geographical features of the ocean, forming a bold and unconstrained poetry which is different from the subtle style. Taking Song Ci as an example,this paper examines the influence of marine geography on Song Ci from two aspects of form and style,and reveals the important significance of marine geography on the development of Song Ci.

Keywords:Marine geography;Song Ci;Form;Style

A study on the elimination of Yuwen tribe by Murong huang………………………………………………… Ning Yi 125

Abstract:In the spring of 344 AD,Murong huang eliminated the Yuwen tribe.After the war,more than 50 thousand families of the Yuwen tribe moved to Changli. For this important historical event, there are different records in Wei Shu, Jin Shu and Zi Zhi Tong Jian.Reviewing the data of the books,we can see that there are two main reasons for different records in the history books since the Northern Wei Dynasty: First, fan Heng wrongly recorded the number of Yuwen tribe residents plundered by Murong army as more than 5000 families in the book of Yan Shu;Second, according to some historical materials of Yan state, the biography of Xiongnu Yuwen Mo Huai in Volume 123 of Wei Shu mistakenly set the time of Murong Huang 's attack on Yu Wen tribe as 345 A.D，and recorded the family of the migrated from Yuwen tribes after the war was more than 5000 households.When Cui Hong of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote the Annals of the Sixteen States and the Tang Dynasty wrote the book of Jin shu, People can refer to all kinds of information to accurately record the event of Murong emperor destroying Yuwen tribe.Later,in the Northern Song Dynasty,people revised Zizhi Tongjian according to Yan Shu,mistakenly recorded the number of Yuwen tribal families plundered by Murong army as more than 5000.After the Northern Song Dynasty,with the disappearance of the old history of the Sixteen States and other relevant historical materials,the later generations can only study the history of the sixteen states according to Wei Shu,Jin Shu,Zizhi Tongjian and other books.Mistakes in biography of Xiongnu Yu Wen Mo Huai and Zizhi Tongjian, caused some trouble for the academic circles to have a correct understanding of the history of Murong huang's extermination of Yuwen tribe.

Keywords:Murong huang;Yu Wen tribe;Campaign time;Migrant population

The promoting effect of inter-ethnic communication on the change of xibe production mode…………………………………………………………………………………………… Zhang Yuqian Yang Siyuang 135

Abstract：Due to the living environment and historical reasons,before the Qing Dynasty,Xibo people maintained a diversified production mode of fishing, hunting, nomadism and farming, with fishing, hunting, nomadism as the main form and farming as the auxiliary. In the Qing Dynasty, xibe nationality began the first large-scale migration under the requirements of the central dynasty to maintain national unity and political security, and moved to qiqihar, Bethuna, Ula and other places to garrison stations.At the same time, xibe completed the transformation to a farming nation.Among them, communication between nationalities plays an important role. The research on this historical process can not only supplement the deficiency of xibe economic history research.At the same time, it also shows us the micro presentation of the process of Chinese national economic integration more specifically.

Keywords:the qing dynasty;Inter-ethnic communication;Xibo nationality;Mode of production

The Evolution of Manchu Cheongsam Culture and Historical Metaphor in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China………………………………………………………………………… Sun Haijing 143

Abstract: Under the trend of modernity, Chinese style has gradually become a "fashionable" artistic narrative angle of modern clothing design,and the creation of classical China has gradually entered the field of vision of researchers.This article takes the changes of Manchu Qipao culture in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China as the research object.Through the study of " Qipao ", a typical decorative symbol with Manchu national cultural characteristics, it tries to understand the development,popularity and popularity of Manchu Qipao culture in the 20th century under the influence of modernization.Transmutation,thinking about the cultural value of cheongsam as a decorative symbol.

Keywords:Modernity;Fashion;National Culture;Qipao