“殊胜大足—大足石刻特展”走进国家博物馆

杨艳

大足石刻被誉为石窟艺术史上最后的丰碑，它的发现将中国石窟艺术兴盛的历史延长了400多年。作为世界文化遗产，大足石刻具有极高的历史、艺术、科学价值。

9月17日至11月17日，“殊胜大足—大足石刻特展”在中国国家博物馆北4展厅展出。此次展览是国家博物馆近年来首次举办的有关石窟寺世界文化遗产的展览。

科技赋能 镇馆之宝立体亮相

此次展览不仅是对大足石刻藝术、历史的全面性展示，也是对历年来大足石刻文化遗产保护与传承的成果呈现。展览分为“发现之旅”“蜀道大足”“镌岩妙相”“承故焕新”4个单元，展览的文物数量一共有82件（套），包括从宋代到明清时代的石制文物66件（套），全部是大足石刻的精品力作。其中，大足石刻博物馆的镇馆之宝释迦牟尼像、观音像、香炉等一一亮相。

据了解，此次展览由中国国家博物馆、重庆市文化旅游委、大足区人民政府主办，展出面积1000平方米，展览采用“图片+实物+声光电+科技+智慧+数据经济”的模式，全方位、多角度、多层次立体展现大足石刻。这次走进国家博物馆，实际上是20年后大足石刻和国家博物馆再次牵手。早在2001年，大足石刻曾在中国历史博物馆（现在国家博物馆）举办过一次大型图片展。

展览开幕式上举行了《天下大足》主题发布活动，推出由李玉刚演唱的《天下大足》MV，以及《天下大足》4K宽银幕电影、8K球幕电影。其中4K宽银幕电影《天下大足》以电影叙事方式，重点突出大足石刻的开创和历史演进过程。8K球幕电影是全球范围内第一次实景拍摄+CG动画结合拍摄，向观众重点展示石刻的艺术价值，让观众从多维度了解大足石刻。

此外，原故宫博物院院长单霁翔受邀成为大足文旅的“总顾问”，他于9月末带领团队到大足拍摄综艺节目“万里走单骑 遗产里的中国（第二季）”。

建设世界知名研究院 讲好大足故事

大足石刻被誉为世界八大石窟之一，始建于初唐，鼎盛于两宋，迄今公布为文物保护单位的石窟多达75处，造像5万余尊，代表了公元9世纪至13世纪世界石窟艺术的最高水平。

大足石刻研究院院长黎方银称，为推广大足石刻文化，让大足石刻“走出去”，近年来大足围绕“四百工程”，让展览走进博物馆、让讲座走进学堂、让书籍走进图书馆、让微视频广为传播。展览的举办有利于让崖壁上的石刻活起来，让国宝动起来，让遗产里的中国亮起来。下一步，大足石刻将以“石刻为魂、厚植底蕴、五山联动、城景融合、山水共生、最美乡村”为思路，让大足石刻所在的五座山联动起来，实现城市和景区的高度融合，最后体现山水共生、最美乡村的意境。除此之外，大足区将在全域建设大足石刻文化公园，全力建设世界知名研究院等方式讲好大足故事。

而在文旅融合方面，在建的大足石刻游客中心融入了大足石刻文化元素，内部的装修和布景体现了石窟艺术所展示的力学、声学、透视学、光学、美学等价值。

同时，以“一核两带三区多点全域”带动农旅融合。其中，“一核”是指五山联动起来成为一个核，“两带”是城市发展带和文化发展带，“三区”是大足石刻文创园、龙水湖博览园，以及圣天湖的农旅融合示范带，“多点”指各个乡村景点串珠成链。据介绍，大足也正打造“十里荷棠·山湾时光”项目，把附近的九个山湾打造成为乡村振兴、文化发展、市民休闲的聚集区。在这里，市民可体验如何做石雕，还可感受到荷花、荷莲、海棠的美丽与文化。

大足石刻 联动世界走向世界

在2021上合组织数字经济产业论坛上，大足石刻与上合组织国家多功能经贸平台、人民文旅签署了“数字丝路文化溯源行动”战略合作协议，在此次国家博物馆展览上发起签订数字丝路文化溯源行动倡议，联动印度、伊朗、乌兹别克、斯里兰卡、尼泊尔等国家的文旅部门，以大足石刻“这座世界石窟艺术史上最后的丰碑”作为起点，追根溯源，倒推时间，用大数据、智能化、信息化看待文物，串联起全世界的遗产珍珠。

大足石刻研究院院长黎方银介绍，在成渝地区双城经济圈建设背景下，去年大足石刻和金沙博物馆已联合举办“点石成金”展览，后续双方也开展了很多合作项目，“首先是成立世界遗产联盟，共同探讨世界遗产的保护研究和利用。特别是邻近大足的四川安岳，有的项目已经进入实质阶段，包括一些数字化的项目都在共同开展。”

整个川渝石窟有3000多处，按照国家文物局的要求，大足石刻研究院要建设成为一个西南地区石窟保护研究利用区域性中心。依托大足石刻研究院的保护力量和技术优势，对整个重庆地区的石窟保护进行整合和进一步加强管理。下一步，将和四川大学、四川省文物考古研究院等相关科研机构进行合作。

图片/大足区委宣传部提供

Known as the last monument in the history of grotto art， the discovery of Dazu Rock Carvings has extended the prosperity history of Chinese grotto art for over 400 years. As a world cultural heritage， Dazu Rock Carvings boosts tremendous value in terms of history， art， and science.

From September 17 to November 17， “Remarkable and Graceful： Special Exhibition of Dazu Rock Carvings” opens at Gallery N4 of the National Museum of China. This exhibition is the first exhibition regarding the world cultural heritage of grotto temples held by the National Museum in recent years.

Technology enablement helps the stereoscopic debut of the "treasure of the museum"

This exhibition is not only an all-round display of Dazu Rock Carvings art and history， but also a presentation of Dazu Rock Carvings cultural heritage preservation and inheritance achievements over the years. This exhibition incorporates four units， that is， "Journey of Discovery"， "Dazu of Shu Path"， "Engraving the Rock with Fine Images" and "Inherit and Refresh"， with 82 pieces （sets） of collections， including 66 pieces （sets） of stone cultural relics from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties， all of which are refined works of Dazu Rock Carvings. Among them， the "treasure of the museum" of the Dazu Rock Carving Museum， such as the statue of Sakyamuni Buddha， the statue of Guanyin （Goddess of Mercy）， and the incense burner， etc. are showcased one by one.

It is reported that this exhibition is jointly held by the National Museum of China， Chongqing Municipal Development Committee of Culture and Tourism and Dazu District Peoples Government of Chongqing Municipality. Covering an area of 1，000 square meters， the model of "pictures + real objects + optical， electrical， and acoustic methods + science and technology + intelligence + data economy" will be adopted to show Dazu Rock Carvings in an all-around， multi-angle， multi-level， and three-dimensional way. In fact， the Dazu Rock Carvings partnered with the National Museum again 20 years later. As early as 2001， Dazu Rock Carvings held a large-scale photography exhibition in the Chinese History Museum （now the National Museum）.

At the opening ceremony of the exhibition， the theme release event of Dazu Rock Carvings was held. During the exhibition， the MV of Dazu Rock Carvings sang by Li Yugang， the special wide-screen 4K film Dazu Rock Carvings， and an 8K full-dome movie were premiered at the National Museum of China. The wide-screen 4K film Dazu Rock Carvings focuses on the creation and historical evolution of Dazu Rock Carvings through film narration. As the first real scene + CG animation shooting in the world， the 8K full-dome screen film focuses on displaying the artistic value of stone carvings to the audience， so that they can understand Dazu Rock Carvings from multiple dimensions.

In addition， Shan Jixiang， former director of the Palace Museum， will help promote the culture and tourism in Dazu District. He will serve as the chief adviser of the culture and tourism in Dazu District and led a team to shoot the Shape of Culture （Season 2） in the district by the end of September.

Build a world-renown Research Institute and tell Dazu stories well

Dazu Rock Carvings， one of the eight grottoes globally， was built in the early Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Two Song Dynasties. So far， there are as many as 75 grottoes and over 50，000 statues under cultural relic protection. The carvings represent the highest level of grotto art in the world in the 9th-13th centuries.

According to Li Fangyin， head of the Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute， Dazu District has focused on the "four hundred projects" in recent years， organized exhibitions in museums， held lectures in schools， enriched books in libraries， and made micro-videos over the recent years， in a bid to promote Dazu Rock Carvings culture and let Dazu Rock Carvings "go global". The exhibition will help make the stone carvings on the rock live， animate the national treasures and brighten China amid its heritage. Next， Dazu Rock Carvings will follow the ideas of "stone carvings as the soul， deep-planted legacy， linkage of five mountains， integration between the city and views， co-existence of mountains and rivers and the most beautiful countryside"， so as to link the five mountains where Dazu Rock Carvings are located， realize the high integration of cities and attractions， and finally reflect the artistic conception of mountains and rivers and the most beautiful countryside. In addition， Dazu District will build Dazu Rock Carvings Cultural Park in the whole area and make every effort to build a world-renown Research Institute to tell the stories of Dazu well.

In terms of culture and tourism integration， Dazu Rock Carvings Tourist Center under construction integrates Dazu Rock Carvings cultural elements with the internal decoration and setting， and reflects the mechanical， acoustic， perspective， optical， aesthetic and other values through grotto art.

At the same time， the integration of agriculture and tourism is driven by "one core， two belts， three areas， multiple points and holistic area". Among them， "one core" refers to the linkage of five mountains as one core， "two belts" refer to the urban development belt and cultural development belt， "three zones" refer to Dazu Rock Carvings Cultural and Creative Industrial Park， Longshui Lake Expo Park and the Agriculture and Tourism Integration Demonstration Belt of Shengtian Lake， and "multiple points" refer to the chain of various rural attractions. It is reported that Dazu is also building the "Ten-mile Lotus Ponds · Mountain Bay Times" project to build the nine nearby mountain bays into a cluster for rural revitalization， cultural development and public leisure. Here， local citizens can experience how to make stone carvings as well as feel the beauty and culture of water lily， lotus， and Begonia.

Dazu Rock Carvings links the world as one

At the 2021 China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） Forum on the Digital Economy Industry， Dazu Rock Carvings has signed a strategic cooperation agreement on "digital Silk Road cultural tracing campaign" with the Trade and Economic Multifunctional Platform for the SCO Countries and People Trip. In collaboration with the culture and tourism authorities of India， Iran， Uzbekistan， Sri Lanka， Nepal， and other countries， taking the Dazu Rock Carvings， or "the last monument in the art history of the world's grottoes"， as the starting point， tracing back to the provenance， going back in time， viewing cultural relics with big data， intelligence and informatization， and connecting the world's heritage "pearls"， Dazu called upon parties to sign the digital Silk Road cultural tracing campaign at the National Museum exhibition.

Li Fangyin， head of the Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute， introduced that under the background of the construction of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle， Dazu Rock Carvings and Jinsha Site Museum jointly held the "Golden Touch" exhibition last year. Subsequently， the two parties also unfolded many cooperation projects. “The first is to establish a world heritage alliance to jointly explore the preservation， research and utilization of world heritage. Particularly in Anyue， Sichuan， in the proximity of Dazu， some projects have entered the substantive stage， including some digital projects are being carried out together. "

There are over 3，000 grottoes in Sichuan and Chongqing. According to the requirements of the National Cultural Heritage Administration， Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute should be built as a regional center for the preservation， research， and utilization of grottoes in Southwest China. Relying on the preservation strength and technical advantages of Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute， the grotto preservation in the whole Chongqing area should be integrated and further strengthened in management. Next， Dazu will collaborate with Sichuan University， the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute and other relevant scientific research institutions.

Photos/Provided by Publicity Department of CPC Dazu District Committee