黑龙江省粮食作物比较优势研究

姜宇博　李爽　于洋　宫秀杰　郝玉波　李梁　吕国依　钱春荣

摘 要：為了优化黑龙江省作物种植结构，促进粮食生产提质增效，该研究分析了2006—2018年黑龙江省3种粮食作物在全国的综合优势，对不同粮食产区优势进行了对比。结果表明，黑龙江省水稻生产综合优势属全国中等水平，但生态区位优势明显，今后应进一步提升质量、增加效益，弥补效率优势的不足;玉米综合优势处于全国中上等水平，尽管在一定时期内需要调减，但从长期发展角度看仍是黑龙江省发展畜牧产业和工业原料加工产业的重要战略资源;大豆综合比较优势较高，已经成为支撑我国大豆产业尤其是非转基因大豆产业的重要组成部分;小麦目前虽然已不具备比较优势，但在黑龙江省仍具有一定的生产基础和发展潜力。

关键词：粮食作物;比较优势;黑龙江省

中图分类号 F323文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）17-0047-05

Comparative Advantage of Grain Crops in Heilongjiang Province

JIANG Yubo1，2 et al.

（1Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin 150086， China;2Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin 150030， China）

Abstract： In order to optimize the planting structure of Heilongjiang Province and promote the quality and efficiency of grain production， the comprehensive advantages of four kinds of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province from 2006 to 2018 were analyzed， and the advantages of different grain producing areas were compared. The results showed that the comprehensive advantage of rice production in Heilongjiang Province is in the middle level of the country， but the ecological location advantage is obvious， so we should further improve the quality and increase efficiency to make up for the lack of efficiency advantage; the comprehensive advantage of corn is in the middle and upper level of the country， although it needs to be reduced in a certain period of time， from the perspective of long-term development， Heilongjiang Province is still developing animal husbandry industry and industrial raw material processing It is an important strategic resource of soybean industry; soybean has a high comprehensive comparative advantage， which has become the most important part of supporting China′s soybean industry， especially the non transgenic soybean industry; although wheat has no comparative advantage， it still has a certain production base and development potential in Heilongjiang Province.

Key words： Grain crops; Comparative advantage; Heilongjiang Province