周海燕
反意疑问句,是初中英语中的一个重要语法点,不少同学由于理解和掌握不到位,导致运用时错误频出。对此,笔者归纳了运用反意疑问句时的几个常见错误,以期能够引起同学们的重视,避免出错。
错误之一:含否定意义或否定前(后)缀词汇的反意疑问句
【例1】冰箱里几乎没有食物了,是吗?
误:There is little food in the fridge, isn'tthere?
正:Thereislittlefoodinthefridge,isthere?
【例2】这些钢笔没用了,是吗?
误:These pens are useless, are they?
正:These pens are useless, aren'tthey?
【例3】她不喜欢大城市,是吗?
误:She dislikes big cities, does she?
正:She dislikes big cities, doesn'tshe?
【剖析】在反意疑问句中,如果陈述部分含
有 few,little,never,seldom,hardly,nothing,none,nobody等表示否定意义的词汇时,则为否定形式,其反意疑问部分应用肯定形式;如果陈述部分含有unfair, unhappy, unfriendly, impo-lite, impossible, disagree, dislike,useless,hope-less等带有否定前缀或后缀的词汇时,则看作肯定形式,其反意疑问部分应用否定形式。
错误之二:含不定代词的反意疑问句
【例1】有人在门外大喊大叫,是不是?
误:Someone is shouting outside the door,isnt it?
正:Someone is shouting outside the door,arent they?
【例2】没有人受伤,对吗?
误:Nobody was hurt,was it?
正:Nobody was hurt,are they?
【例3】每个人都很激动,是不是?
误:Everybody is excited ,isnt everybody ?
正:Everybody is excited ,arent they?
【例4】他的自行车出了毛病,是不是?
误:Something is wrong with his bike, isntsomething?
正:Something is wrong with his bike, isntit?
【剖析】在反意疑问句中,若陳述部分的主语是someone, somebody, anyone,everyone, everybody, nobody等表示人的不定代词时,其反意疑问部分的主语应用“they”;若陈述部分的主语为 everything, something, anything, nothing等表示物的不定代词时,其反意疑问部分的主语则用“it”。
错误之三:祈使句的反意疑问句
【例1】别忘记关灯,好吗?
误:Dont forget to turn off the light, doyou?
正:Dont forget to turn off the light,will
you?
【例2】记得买些水果,好吗?
误:Remember to buysomefruit,don'tyou ?
正:Remember to buysomefruit,won't you ?
【例3】今天天气晴朗,我们去打篮球吧,好吗?
误:It'ssunny today. Let's play basket- ball, will you?
正:It'ssunny today. Let's play basket- ball, shall we?
【例4】请把你的地址告诉我,好吗?
误: Let us know your address, shall we?
正:Let us know your address, will you?
【剖析】在反意疑问句中,若陈述部分为祈使句,其反意疑问部分用“will you”或“won't you”,特别要注意以don't开头的否定祈使句,其反意疑问部分不用“do you”,而是用“will you”。当祈使句为“Let's...”形式时,其反意疑问部分用“shall we”。当祈使句为“Let us ...”形式时,倘若表示请求,其反意疑问部分应用“will you”;倘若表示建议,则其反意疑问部分应用“shall we”。
总之,同学们一方面要扎实学习,透彻理解和把握知识点,打好基础;另一方面,要注意错题的归纳整理,建立错题集,并时常翻阅,以此深化理解和记忆,进而避免出现类似错误。