石头里的“自拍”

Dalya Alberge

A selfie set in stone

He is a a male figure carved in the early 12th century for one of the worlds greatest cathedrals（教堂）， but no one has known of his existence until now. His figure has gone unnoticed by millions of people who have made the long pilgrimage（朝圣之旅） to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia over the centuries. He has looked down on them from the top of one of the many pillars that soar upwards， each carved with fallen leaves， among which he is concealed.

Now he has been discovered by a British art scholar Jennifer Alexander who believes that he was actually never meant to be seen because he is a selfportrait of a stonemason （石匠） who worked on the cathedral in the 12th century. Despite the incomparable talent of such craftsmen， these stonemasons were completely unknown with their names lost to history. This is the closest chance when the mason got to signing his work.

Alexander， a reader in art history at the University of Warwick， is a specialist in the architectural history of the great churches and cathedrals of the medieval period. She discovered the figure in conducting a survey of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral， a UNESCO world heritage site. It was when she was studying the capitals（柱頂）， about 13 metres above the pavement， that “this little figure appeared before her”， she recalled.

“Hes got a nice little smile. Hes pleased with himself. Hes splendidly carved with a strongly characterized face.”

Medieval stonemasons learned their craft through apprenticeships（学徒） that trained them in the backbreaking trade. Alexander said， “These masters had to master many skills since they were also responsible for engineering， supply of materials， and hiring the workforce.” She added that such craftsmen have remained anonymous throughout the centuries even into more recent times， “So these are the unsung geniuses.”

1. What does “He” underlined in Para. 1 refer to according to the following paragraphs？

2. Who discovered the male figure？ How did he/she discover it？

12世纪时，一些默默无闻的石匠在加利西亚的圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉古城修建了举世闻名的大教堂。约900年后的今日，英国艺术学者詹妮弗·亚历山大发现了教堂中雕刻着落叶的柱子，而落叶后掩映着一位调皮石匠的“自拍”。