王振祥
V-ing形式可相当于名词,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Reading is a good way to enlarge your vocabulary. (作主语) 阅读是扩大你的词汇量的一个好方法。
After they completed designing the dam, they would start another project. (作宾语) 在他们完成了大坝的设计后,他们将开始另一个项目。
Her job is typing the papers. (作表语) 她的工作是打印文件。
What kind of drinking cup would you like? (作定语) 你想要什么样的酒杯?
本单元学习其充当主语的用法,现讲解如下:
一、V-ing形式作主语,其谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式
Playing computer games takes the teenagers too much time. 玩电脑游戏花费青少年太多时间。
Collecting stamps is a popular hobby, especially among seniors. 集邮是一种受欢迎的爱好,尤其是在老年人中。
二、V-ing形式作主语,可用it作形式主语
Its no use crying over spilt milk. 为溢出的牛奶而哭是没有用的。(覆水难收)
此类句型还有:
1. It is no / little use / useless+doing sth.
It is little use arguing about such things. 争论此类事情无益。
It is useless complaining about the weather. 抱怨天气是没用的。
2. It is+no / much good+doing sth.
Its no good pretending that you know everything. 假装你什么都知道不是好事儿。
It is much good exploring your surroundings when you are new in a place. 当你刚到一个地方时,探索你周围的环境是有益的。
3. It is+a waste of time+doing sth.
It is a waste of time shouting here. No one will listen. 在这里大喊大叫是浪费时间。没有人会听的。
Its just a waste of time contacting Jane. Shes lost her phone. 联系简只是在浪费时间。她弄丢了手机。
4. It is pointless / hopeless /+doing sth.
Its pointless repairing that car. Its time for a new car. 修理那辆车是毫无意义的。是时候买一辆新车了。
5. It is worthwhile+doing sth.
It is worthwhile visiting the museum. 这个博物馆值得参观。
It wasnt worthwhile continuing with the project. 继续进行这个项目不值得。
6. Theres no point +doing sth.
Theres no point advising her. Shes such a stubborn girl. 给她提建议是没有用的。她是个很固执的女孩。
三、V-ing形式作主语与动词不定式的比较
动词不定式也可以作主语,现将其与动名词比较如下:
1. 不定式作主语:表示具体的、某一次的行为。
To quit smoking is really not an easy job for my father. 戒烟,对于我父亲确实不是一件容易的事。
It is impossible to complete the task in such a short time. 在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
2. V-ing形式作主语:表示抽象的、泛指的动作。
Shopping online is becoming more and more popular. 网购越来越流行。
Staying up too late is harmful to health. 熬夜太晚,对健康有害。
3. 实际运用中,有些情况可互换,差异不大,但下列几种情况除外:
(1) 当表语是V-ing形式时,主语也要用V-ing形式;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式。
Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.) 眼見为实。
(2) 在Its no use (no good / a waste of time) doing sth.等句型中一般用V-ing形式,而不用不定式。
It is no good keeping this secret. 此事不公开没有什么好处。
It is a waste of energy arguing with her. 和她争论是浪费精力。
(3) 在It is important / necessary / easy to do sth.,It is + adj.+ for / of sb.+ to do sth.等句型中只能用不定式,而不使用V-ing形式。
It is important for you to learn English well. 对你来说好好学习英语很重要。
It is very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们,真是太好了。
四、V-ing形式的复合结构作主语
动名词仍然保有动词的属性,可以有其逻辑上的主语,也就是在其前添加名词或代词说明动名词是谁的动作。此类结构称为“动名词的复合结构”。该结构作宾语时,可有两种形式:1. 名词普通格或人称代词的宾格+动名词;2. 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+动名词。
Our school doesnt allow students / students smoking. 我们学校不允许学生吸烟。
The teacher said he didnt mind me / my opening the window. 老师说不介意我开窗户。
She would appreciate you / your going to her defence. 你去保护她,她一定会感激的。
但是,作主语时,只能使用第一种结构,即:名词普通格或人称代词的宾格+动名词。
Boy students wearing long hair is not permitted here. 男生蓄长头发在这里不允许。
Their leaving without permission will be punished. 他们未经允许就离开,将会受惩罚。
【巩固训练】
根据汉语提示完成下列句子,每空一詞。
1. In the 1860s, ___ ___ ___ (战争爆发) between the South and the North.
2. ___ ___ (锻炼) every morning helps make one healthy.
3. It is a waste of time ___ ___ ___ (玩电脑游戏).
4. It is impossible _ _ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (他们今天完成任务).
5. ___ ___ ___ ___ (他不懂英语) brought him a lot of inconvenience.
6. ___ ___ (复述故事) is a useful drill.
7. It is a good experience _ _ ___ ___ (和你共事).
8. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (发表新年致辞) on TV is a common practice.
9. It is worthwhile ___ ___ ___
___ (向他咨询此事).
10. There is no point ___ ___ ___ (谈论游泳) without dipping into the water.