提示性书面表达解题方法

2021-08-13 21:52王桂馨
考试与评价·八年级版 2021年2期
关键词:体裁书面范文

王桂馨

英语中的书面表达能充分体现学生的综合语言能力,尤其是书面交际能力。书面表达的形式多种多样,如:看图写作、书信、通知等应用文;情景、人物、故事的写作等。从现在各地区的综合分析来看,考查书面表达的体裁主要有三种:记叙文、说明文和应用文。命题形式以看图作文和提示性作文为主。这里我们主要来分析一下提示性作文的解题方法。

提示性书面表达主要有以下几种设题类型:

一、根据中文提示

根据中文提示写作,一般给出7—10句中文提示,其中大部分要点是要自己发挥的。在中文提示中一般要求根据提示写一封回信、一张海报等体裁。例如:

在初中三年的学习生活中,父母、老师给了我们很多帮助。假设你是李明,在即将毕业之际,请你用英语写一段文字以表达感激之情。感谢的对象可在老师、父母中任选其一,内容必须包括以下提示:

1. 感谢的对象及原因;2. 举例说明帮助你的事由、经过和结果;3. 你的感受和打算。

范文:

Dear Mr / Mrs / Miss X,

Words cant show my thanks to you. Youve helped me a lot in my studies since I came to this school. When I was in trouble, you used to encourage me and give me some advice. At one time I failed to pass an English test and I was very sad about it. You came and cheered me up. You told me some good ways to improve English. With your help, Ive made great progress in English. Im so thankful to you for your kind help that Ill work harder and try to do better in the future.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Li Ming

二、根據英文提示

根据英文提示写一篇英文文章通常是给出英文提示语,提示语一般以单词、短语或句子的形式出现。在写作过程中通常要把所出现的单词、短语都用上。例如:

在英语课上,老师请你们就“Lucky Money (压岁钱)”这个话题分组进行讨论,但你认为同学们对“Hobbies (爱好)”更感兴趣,建议老师更换话题。请你根据下面的提示和要求,写一篇发言稿,谈一谈你的理由。

提示:(1) Why do you like talking about hobbies?

(2) Whats your reason for not talking about lucky money?

参考词汇:ones own hobby, a proper topic (合适的话题), personal, unhappy

范文:

I think talking about hobbies is better than talking about lucky money. It is easy and interesting. Everyone has his own hobby, like playing ball games, listening to music, drawing and so on. It can bring us pleasure and make us relaxed. We have a lot to say when we talk about it.

Lucky money, however, isnt a proper topic for us, because its too personal. Whats more, not all of us can get lucky money. Some may feel unhappy if we talk about it.

So talking about hobbies is really a good choice.

三、根据表格提示

表格型提示的文章,一般列出基本的数据和变化。要求学生结合表格进行总结,并且要表达出题目要求的内容。例如:

假设某中学生英文报开展关于高中生活的征文活动,请你根据下表所提示的要点,以“My ideal senior high school”为题,用英语为该报写一篇短文,简述理想中的高中生活,以及你对高中学习生活的展望。

[理想高中    校园     环境优美     老师     耐心教导     同学     乐于分享     学习     轻松有趣     课外     活动丰富   我的展望     (请考生结合自身实际,自拟至少两点内容)       ]

范文:

My ideal senior high school

We will be senior high school students soon. In my ideal senior high school, there are many green trees and beautiful flowers. The teachers there are patient enough to explain difficult problems to us, while the students are willing to share their joy and worries with each other. We have fewer subjects and less homework. After school we can take part in all kinds of activities. In this way, our new school life will be full of fun.

I hope to make any friends and enjoy my school life in senior high school. I also hope I can make great progress in my study.

四、根据要点提示

根据要点提示的书面表达是最常见的一种书面表达,要求学生根据要点提示写作。例如:

初三毕业在即,你班将组织一次课外活动。假如你是班长,请根据下面内容,用英文写一篇80词左右的活动计划。

内容要点:1. 下星期日早上8点在校门口集合,下午2点返回;2. 坐公交车前往寸金公园 (Cunjin Park);3. 唱歌、跳舞、野餐、与老师合影;4. 带齐食物、饮料等;5. 注意安全和防火。

参考词汇:at the school gate (在学校门口), activity (活动), keep away from fire (远离火灾)

范文:

Our class is going to have a picnic in Cunjin Part next Sunday. We are going to meet at the school gate at 8:00 on Sunday morning. And we will be back at 2:00 p.m. We plan to take a bus to Cunjin Park. We will have many activities there, for example, singing, dancing, having picnic and taking photos with our teachers. Im sure we will have a lot of fun. I will ask my classmates to take plenty of food and drink. We should pay attention to the safety. And we must keep away from fire all the time.

解答提示性書面表达的基本步骤:

1. 仔细审题。仔细阅读每一项提示或观察所给的每一张表格,明确中心思想,弄清题意,确定体裁。

2. 理顺要点。在所给提示或表格中标出要点,确定好时态,然后按事件的先后顺序或各要点之间的内在联系排序,分出层次。

3. 构成框架。在理顺要点的基础上,定人称、时态、段落、开头和结尾,形成框架。

4. 组织句子,连词成篇。多用熟悉的短语、句子来表达,遇有表达障碍,可换一种说法。注意句子间的逻辑关系,适当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等关联词语,使短文层次分明,过渡自然。

5. 认真检查。修改成文后,读一两遍,检查人称、拼写、短语有无错误,要点有无遗漏,有无语法错误等。

突破提示性书面表达应注意如下几点:

1. 熟悉句型特点。为了做好英语书面表达题,熟悉英语句子的结构特点是很有必要的,如句子的五种基本句式、七种类型以及一些使用频率较高的句式。在平时的学习和训练中应不断地去发现、验证和模仿。

2. 背诵范文。收集英语书面表达题比较好的范文或其他报刊上的优秀文章,每天花时间大声朗读,力争背下来以扩充自己的思路、培养语感。

3. 有的放矢的训练。针对平时常考类型的题材和体裁,坚持常规训练,由词到词组,再到句子,连句成段,连段成篇。

4. 仔细审题切莫偏题。如果对所提供的材料不仔细阅读,审题不认真,就会导致在写作时缺少信息,内容不完整,上下句不连贯,最终导致因要点不齐而丢分。审题时应特别注意以下几点:①内容要点;②动词时态;   ③文章体裁;④人称。

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