从中欧班列（渝新欧）到中欧班列（成渝）号 打造区域协作高水平样板

贺煜

2月5日，在线上举行的第五次中国—中东欧国家地方领导人会议全体会议上，多次提及中欧班列这条我国与“一带一路”沿线国家联系最为紧密的路径，带来了与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区经贸往来的提质增效。

2011年3月19日，在团结村铁路中心，一列满载着笔记本电脑产品的火车缓缓驶出，驶向1万余公里外的德国杜伊斯堡，奏响了中欧班列的序曲，也唤醒了沉睡千年的古丝绸之路。

2021年1月1日，重庆与成都开出两趟中欧班列，重庆的班列驶向德国杜伊斯堡，成都的班列行至波兰罗兹，迎来中欧班列（成渝）号“首秀”。当月，中欧班列（成渝）号开行折算列535列，其中重庆开行班列数量同比增长127%。春节期间，重庆保持了中欧班列（成渝）号的稳定开行。

中欧班列的开行，打破了重庆地处西部内陆，不沿边、不靠海的开放发展阻碍，古丝路响起新驼铃，重庆逐步从昔日的开放末梢跻身开放前沿。多年来，重庆大力建设“渝新欧”国际铁路大通道，截至2020年底，中欧班列（渝新欧）累计开行去回程班列超7000班，将重庆与欧洲各国的友好交往和贸易往来不断引向深入。

通达中东欧腹地，辐射北欧、西欧和南欧十余国

中欧班列（渝新欧）由重庆始发，经阿拉山口、霍尔果斯、二连浩特、满洲里等口岸出境，通过哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和波兰，最终抵达或辐射立陶宛、斯洛伐克、捷克、匈牙利等中东欧国家，其中大部分班列经过波兰。

波兰是中欧班列（渝新欧）的主要途经国之一，其境内的马拉舍维奇过境换装场站自2011年起，即成为中欧班列（渝新欧）进出欧洲的关键节点之一，所运载货物最终到达国不仅覆盖其周边中东欧国家，更远达北欧、西欧与南欧十多个国家。目前，去程班列途经马拉舍维奇站开行的所有中欧班列约为40列/周。

“2018年开行辐射中东欧（匈牙利、捷克、罗马利亚、克罗地亚等国家）到杜伊斯堡（德国）的线路。截至目前，月开行100班左右，为‘一带一路沿线客户提供了深入中东欧地区更好更经济的服务方案。”渝新欧（重庆）物流有限公司（简称：渝新欧公司）总经理漆丹介绍，2020年，中欧班列（渝新欧）新增重庆—维尔紐斯（立陶宛）、帕尔杜比采（捷克）、奥布尔尼采（捷克）、布达佩斯（匈牙利）、斯瓦夫库夫（波兰）等直达线路，并增开了匈牙利布达佩斯、捷克环线，进一步深入南欧、中东欧腹地，增强了中欧班列（渝新欧）的集散辐射能力。

不断拓展重庆与欧洲国家的贸易往来

得益于中欧班列（渝新欧）的发展，重庆与波兰、立陶宛、捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利等众多欧洲国家的贸易合作不断拓展。

长期以来，渝新欧公司与波兰PKP Cargo货运公司保持直接的货物运输代理业务合作;还有至波兰及过境邮包项目，截至2021年1月底，班列共计运送邮包标准集装箱201箱;2020年，渝新欧顺利开行重庆—斯瓦夫库夫（波兰）直达专列，实现宽轨直抵欧洲，有效缩短班列运行时间。

2018年，渝新欧公司与立陶宛铁路方面协商，讨论邮包集装箱在立陶宛境内卸货，并由立陶宛邮政负责邮包接收和邮件分拨的方案。该项目于当年完成方案审核，操作方案获得相关方面认可，目前立陶宛运邮项目已常态化运行。2020年，中欧班列（渝新欧）率先开通中欧班列“中国邮政号”，并常态化运行重庆—维尔纽斯（立陶宛）直达线路。2020年，班列共计运送邮包超800个标箱，输运国际邮包和抗疫物资超过2000万件。

根据企业需求，中欧班列（渝新欧）还成功开行重庆—布达佩斯定制化专列并实现常态化运营，有效减少中间环节、确保运输时效。2020年全年实现重庆—布达佩斯班列常态化开行超50列。

目前，经“渝新欧”国际铁路联运大通道，重庆主要向克罗地亚发运鞋类产品，向斯洛文尼亚发运机械产品。运输国产富士康电子产品到达波兰马拉舍维奇站和德国杜伊斯堡DIT站，然后分拨到捷克富士康工厂;捷克回程货物则主要以原木和木材为主。

“中欧班列（渝新欧）开行以来，量质并举，开行数量、发运货值始终处在全国第一，重载率、运输时效、去回匹配等指标稳居前列。”漆丹表示，中欧班列（渝新欧）从最初主要运输重庆制造电子产品，到现在涵盖电子通讯、汽车整车、农副食品、生物医药、水果肉类等数十个大类，产品不断丰富、门类齐全，能够满足消费者各方面所需。

如今，随着中欧班列（成渝）号开通，成渝地区迎来了新的发展机遇。重庆市政府口岸物流办主任巴川江表示，今年，不仅要跟成都合力打造中欧班列区域协作的高水平样板，更要做好“通道带物流、物流带经贸、经贸带产业”，保障重庆的供应链、产业链，给外贸和产业发展注入动力。

On February 5， during the Fifth Local Leaders Plenary Meeting of China-CEEC on the Internet，  China-Europe Railway Express， the line with the closest contact with Belt and Road countries was repeatedly mentioned for boosting the quality and effectiveness of trade ties with countries along the line.

On March 19， 2011， in Tuanjie Village Railway Center， a train full of laptop computer products slowly pulled out to Duisburg， Germany， more than 10，000 kilometers away， sounding the prelude of China-Europe Railway Express and awakening the long-dormant ancient silk road.

On January 1， 2021， two China-Europe Railway Express trains set out from Chongqing and Chengdu. The Chongqing train headed for Duisburg， Germany， and the Chengdu one headed for Lodz， Poland， ushering in the "debut" of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing）. In the same month， China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing） opened 535 converted trains， of which the number of Chongqing trains increased by 127% year on year. During the Spring Festival， Chongqing maintained the stable operation of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing）.

The opening of China-Europe Railway Express has removed the barriers of Chongqing's Western inland location without adjacency to any border or sea. As the ancient Silk Road rings a fresh bell， Chongqing has gradually stepped into the forefront of opening-up from previous disadvantages. Over the years， Chongqing has made great efforts to build the "Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe" international railway corridor. By the end of 2020， China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） has operated more than 7000 block train services， which have continuously deepened the friendly exchanges and trade ties between Chongqing and European countries

Reach out to the CEE hinterland and influence over ten countries in Northern Europe， Western Europe and Southern Europe

Originating from Chongqing， the China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） leaves the country through Alataw Pass， Horgos， Erenhot， Manchuria and other ports， passes through Kazakhstan， Russia， Belarus and Poland， and finally reaches or influences CEE countries such as Lithuania， Slovakia， Czech Republic and Hungary with most of trains passing Poland.

Poland is one of the main countries which China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） stops by. Since 2011， the Malaszewicze Transshipment Station in Poland has become one of the key nodes for the China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）  to enter and leave Europe. The final destinations of the transported goods not only cover its surrounding CEE countries， but also reach out to ten countries in Northern Europe， Western Europe and Southern Europe. At present， about 40 outbound China-Europe Railway Express trains run through Malaszewicze station per week.

The Duisburg line （Germany） rippling to CEE countries （Hungary， Czech， Romania， Croatia， etc.）， has gradually shown its catchment effect with stable outbound and inbound trips running on a weekly basis. As of today， 100 trains have run every week， offering better and more economical service options for clients along the Belt and Road to penetrate into CEE regions.

Qi Dan， general manager of YUXINOU （Chongqing） Logistics Co.， LTD （hereinafter referred to as： Yuxinou Company）， introduced that in 2020， China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） added nonstop lines to Chongqing Vilnius （Lithuania）， Pardubice （Czech Republic）， Obrnice （Czech Republic）， Budapest （Hungary） and S?awków （Poland）， and increased loops of Budapest in Hungary and Czech Republic， further going deep in Southern Europe and CEE hinterland and enhancing the distribution and rippling capacity of China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）.

Continuously expand the trade between Chongqing and European countries

Benefited from the development of China-Europe Railway Express（Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， Chongqing constantly expanded trade cooperation with multiple European countries such as Lithuania， Czech， Slovakia and Hungary.

For a long time， YUXINOU （Chongqing） Logistics Co.， LTD has been maintaining direct freight forwarding business cooperation with the Polish PKP Cargo; services also include transit postal parcels in Poland. As of the end of January 2021， the trains delivered 201 postal parcel TEUs; in 2020， Yuxinou successfully opened the Chongqing- S?awków （Poland） nonstop train， which gave broad-gauge direct access to Europe and effectively shortened the running time of block trains.

In 2018， Yuxinou Company negotiated with Lithuanian Railway and discussed the scheme of unloading parcel containers within Lithuanian territory， and having Lietuvos Pa?tas responsible for receiving and distributing parcels. The scheme review of the project was completed in that year， and the operation scheme was approved by relevant parties. At present， the Lithuanian postal project has been normalized. In 2020， Yuxinou Company took the lead in launching the "China Post" train of China-Europe Railway Express， and normalized the Chongqing Vilnius （Lithuania） non-stop line. By the end of 2020， the block trains have transported more than 800 TEUs of post parcels and over 20 million pieces of international postal parcels and anti-epidemic supplies.

According to the needs of enterprises， China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe） has also successfully opened the customized Chongqing-Budapest special trains and realized normalized operation， effectively reducing the intermediate links and ensuring the transportation time effectiveness. In 2020， Chongqing-Budapest block trains ran 50 services in a normalized manner.

At present， through the "Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe" international railway intermodal corridor， Chongqing mainly shipping footwear products to Croatia and mechanical products to Slovenia. The domestic Foxconn electronic products are also shipped to Malaszewicze Station in Poland and DIT Station in Duisburg， Germany through China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， and then distributed to Foxconn factory in Czech; the backhaul cargo from Czech is mainly made up of log and timber.

"Since the opening of China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， both quantity and quality have been equally emphasized and the service number and value of goods shipped have always ranked No.1 in the country， with heavy load rate， transportation efficiency， inbound and outbound matching and other indicators stayed firmly in the forefront." Qi Dan said that the China-Europe Railway Express （Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe）， though initially mainly shipped electronic products made in Chongqing， now covers dozens of categories， such as electronic communication， vehicle， agricultural and sideline food， bio-pharmaceuticals， fruit and meat， etc. with constantly enriching products and complete categories， and can meet the needs of consumers in all aspects.

Now， with the opening of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu-Chongqing）， the Chengdu-Chongqing region has ushered in new development opportunities. Ba Chuanjiang， director of Chongqing Port and Logistics Office said that this year， we'll not only work together with Chengdu to build a high-level model of China-Europe Railway Express regional cooperation， but also do a good job in "promoting logistics with channels， enhancing logistics with economy and trade， and driving economy and trade with industry"， so as to guarantee Chongqing's supply chain and industrial chain， and inject dynamism into foreign trade and industrial development.