塑料污染已到达地球上最高的地方

Plastic pollution has long been a problem， but now it’s gotten to a new height—literally.

Microplastics， referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter， have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8，440 meters above sea level， just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain， according to a study report published in the journal One Earth.

“These are the highest microplastics ever discovered so far，” lead author Imogen Napper from the University of Plymouth， UK， said in a statement.

Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4，200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal， where most human activity on the mountain is concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow.

But how have these fragments made it all this way and in such a great abundance？ The answer is apparent—human activities. It is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don’t litter， just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can release microplastics into the environment.

塑料污染一直是個问题，但现在它确实已经上升到了新的高度。

发表在One Earth期刊上的一项研究报告表明，在珠穆朗玛峰海拔8440米处发现了微塑料，这是一种直径不足5毫米的塑料碎片与微粒，距离珠峰峰顶仅408.86米。

“这是迄今为止发现的地处位置最高的微塑料。”该研究报告的第一作者、英国普利茅斯大学的伊莫金·纳珀在一份声明中称。

科学家从珠峰海拔4200米处出发，沿着登顶路线从19个不同地点采集了积雪和溪水样本。他们发现在所有溪水样本和部分积雪样本中都存在微塑料。污染最严重的样本来自尼泊尔境内的珠峰大本营，那里是珠峰上人类活动最集中的地方。每升积雪中含有79个塑料微粒。

但这些大量的微粒是如何到达珠峰的呢？答案显而易见——人类活动。正是登山者将塑料制品带到了山上。即便他们没有扔垃圾，仅仅步行20分钟或打开一瓶水也能向环境中释放微塑料。

The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has also reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag at the deepest point in the world’s oceans—in the Mariana Trench， located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores.

Even covered in ice， the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution. A 2020 report published in Nature suggests that there are 2，000 to 17，000 plastic particles per cubic meter in Arctic ice cores， and between 0 to 18 microplastic particles per cubic meter from the water beneath ice floes. Experts think microplastics may be transported by air and then reach the North Pole in snowfall.

“What we don’t yet fully know is the potential problems these tiny pieces of plastic could be having to ecosystems， to organisms and even to our own health as well，” said Christian Dunn of Bangor University， UK.

Then what can we do？ “We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics， like changing fabric design and using natural fibers instead of plastic when possible，” Napper said.

残酷的事实是，塑料污染也已经到达了地球上最遥远的地方。研究者甚至在全球海洋最深处——位于太平洋的马里亚纳海沟发现了一个塑料袋。这个袋子和杂货店常用的袋子一模一样。

即便被冰雪覆盖，北极也难逃塑料污染之害。《自然》期刊2020年发表的一份报告显示，每立方米北极冰芯中有2 000到17 000个塑料颗粒，浮冰下每立方米水中有0到18个微塑料颗粒。专家认为微塑料或许是通过空气运输，再经过降雪落到北极。

“这些微小的塑料碎片可能会对生态系统、微生物乃至我们自身的健康造成什么样的潜在问题，我们还无法完全知晓。”英国班戈大学的克里斯蒂安·邓恩表示。

那我们能做些什么呢？“我们需要开始关注微塑料相关的更深入的技术解决方案，如改变面料设计，使用天然纤维代替塑料。”纳珀说。

Word Study

harsh /hɑːʃ/ adj. 残酷的;严酷的

The punishment was harsh and unfair.

organism /'ɔːɡənɪzəm/ n. 生物，（尤指）微生物

Not all chemicals normally present in living organisms are harmless.

3533501908291