Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries

词汇短语园地

1. hunger  n.  饥饿

His hunger increases by the hour.

他的饥饿感每时每刻都在增加。

Hunger is often the mother of crime.

饥饿常是犯罪的根源。

hunger for/after sth/sb  渴望得到某物/人

The whole world hungers for/after peace.

全世界的人都渴望和平。

2. income  n.  收入;收益;所得

Tony lives beyond his income.

托尼的花费超出其收入。

Tourism is a major source of income for the area.

旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。

high/low income  高/低收入

live within ones income  量入为出

3. human  n.  人

Dogs can hear much better than humans.

狗的听觉比人灵敏多了。

Wolves will not usually attack humans.

狼通常不会袭击人。

human = human being

4. measure  vt.  测定;测量;评估

vi.  有……长（宽、高等）

We measured the distance.

我们测量了距离。

She measured the stranger with her eyes.

她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。

The lake measures 130 by 80 kilometers.

这片湖长130千米，宽80千米。

5. goal  n.  目标

The company has set itself some long-term goals.

公司已定下一些長期目标。

She pursues the goal of perfection in her art.

在艺术中，她追求完美的目标。

比较：aim，goal，purpose的区别

aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，常指短期目标。goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈和努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。purpose指的是一般的“目的”。

Our goal is to build a just and peaceful world.

我们的目标是建立一个公正和平的世界。

My aim is to become a policeman.

我的目标是当一名警察。

What is the purpose of his visit？

他来访的目的是什么？

6. figure  n.  数字（可数名词，通常用作复数）

By 2019， this figure had risen to 14 million.

到2019年为止，这个数字已高达1400万。

Where did you get those figures？

你从哪儿得到那些数字的？

7. position  n.  位置

From his position on the top of the cliff， he had a good view of the harbour.

他从悬崖之巅俯瞰，海港景色一览无余。

Where would be the best position for the lights？

这些灯装在什么位置最好？

in/out of position  在/不在适当的位置

hold a position  担任职务

take up ones position  就位

8. unfortunate  adj.  不幸的;遗憾的

He was unfortunate to lose in the final game.

他不幸在决赛中输了。

Youre putting me in a most unfortunate position.

你正在把我推入一个十分可悲的境地。

unfortunate  n.  不幸的人

unfortunately  adv.  不幸地;遗憾地;可惜地

Unfortunately， he didnt pass the exam.

很遗憾，他考试不及格。

9. similarity  n.  类似;相似

（1） 不可数，表“相像性;相似性”。

similarity between A and B  A和B之间的相似性

The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.

这份报告强调两组之间的相似性。

similarity in sth  在……（方面）的相似性

There is some similarity in the way they sing.

他們的演唱方式有点像。

（2） 可数，表“相似点;相像处”。

similarity to sb/sth  与某人 / 某物的相似之处

She bears a similarity to her mother.

她跟她母亲十分相像。

10. vast  adj.  巨大的;庞大的;浩瀚的

A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.

十亿美元是一笔巨款。

比较：big，large，great，vast，huge的区别

（1） large侧重体积、范围、能力和数量方面的大，往往可以与big互换，但big较口语化。

Our factory is a big/large one.

我们的工厂很大。

在表示物体重量、重要性、长大了时，只能用big。

The box is too big to carry.（不仅体积大，而且很重）

The box is too large to carry.（箱子大，但未必重）

She is big enough to ride a bike.

在表示数量时，用large，不用big。

A large number of people from all parts of the country came to see the exhibition.

从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。

（2） great的意思是“大;伟大的”，多用于表示抽象含义。在修饰具体事物时，带有一定的感情色彩。

There have been many great presidents in the American history.

美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。

在表示抽象意思时，也可用big，但great更为正式。

Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.

近几年来，我们国家发生了很大变化。

（3） vast常用来指“广袤无垠的;面积广阔的”，如：a vast forest， a vast sea， a vast desert， vast darkness等。

（4） huge强调体积庞大，容量和数量巨大。如：a huge stone，a huge building等。

11. exchange  n. & v.  交换;互换

We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.

我们需要促进思想和信息的公开交流。

Ill type your report if you look after children in exchange.

如果你愿意照看孩子，我就帮你打这份报告。

exchange... for...  以……换取……

exchange... with sb  和某人交换……

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？

我去哪儿可以把美元换成英镑？

Mary exchanged seats with Anne.

玛丽和安妮交换了座位。

12. on the top of  在……顶端

The ice on the top of the Himalayas never breaks up.

喜马拉雅山山顶的冰从来不化。

13. at the bottom of  在……底部

Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form.

把你的地址填在申请表的底部。

14. make effort  努力

If you want to achieve something， you must work hard， make effort and get prepared.

如果你想有所成就，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗，时刻准备着。

effort  n.  气力;努力;费力的事

You should put more effort into your work.

你应该更加努力地工作。

Getting up this morning was quite an effort.

今天早上起床相当费力。

spare no effort  不遺余力

without effort  容易地;不费力地

with （an） effort  努力地;艰难地

15. be connected with  与……有联系;与……有关

He did not like to be connected with the woman who had painted those pictures.

他不想和画那些画的女人接触。

This sentence is not connected with the context.

这句话与上下文没有联系。

16. be close to  接近;靠近

The population of the city is close to a million.

这座城市的人口接近一百万。

比较：close，closely的区别

close作副词时，意为“靠近;接近”，表示实际距离很近;closely意为“紧密地;密切地”，表达的是一种抽象的“近”。

The children sat close together.

孩子们紧挨着坐在一起。

The two events are closely connected.

这两件事有密切的联系。

17. up to  直到……;至多……

Up to four people can live in this room.

这间房里最多能住四个人。

Andrew has worked hard up to now.

安德鲁一直努力工作到现在。

（1）be up to = be busy doing  忙于

What are you up to？  你在忙什么？

（2）be up to sb to do sth  由某人负责做某事

Its up to us to help those in need.

我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

up-to-date 现代的;包含最新信息的

18. be willing to do sth  乐意做某事

He is willing to help me with my English.

他很乐意帮我学英语。

表达“乐意做某事”的其他短语：be ready/glad/delighted/happy to do sth。

19. as much as  和……一样多;多达……

You can eat as much as you like.

你爱吃多少就吃多少。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A

Metro （地铁） Pocket Guide

Metrorail

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9：30 am until closing on weekdays， and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of service

Open： 5 am Mon.—Fri.7 am Sat.—Sun.

Close： midnight Sun.—Thurs.3 am Fri.—Sat.

Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train， please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change， the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip card， the fare is $1.25.

Fares for senior/disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus， use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards， SmarTrip cards and passes， please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 2026377000 and 2026378000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 2029621100.

Travel tips

· Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 am and between 4 and 6 pm.

· If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station， please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.

1. What do we know about farecard machines？

A. They start selling tickets at 9：30 am.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5.

2. When does Metrorail stop service on Saturday？

A. At midnight. B. At 3 am.

C. At 5 am. D. At 7 pm.

3. What is the advantage of a SmarTrip card？

A. It is convenient for old people.

B. It saves money for its users.

C. It can be bought at any time.

D. It is sold on the Internet.

4. What should you call if you lose something on the Metro？

A. 2029621195. B. 2029621100.

C. 2026377000. D. 2026378000.

B

In agricultural times， Midsummer celebrations in Sweden were held to welcome summertime and the season of harvest. In some areas， people dressed up as “green men”， in ferns. They also decorated （装饰） their houses and farm tools with plants， and raised tall maypoles （五朔節花柱） to dance around， probably as early as the 1500s. In general， Midsummer was a particular time for young people， but it was also celebrated in the industrial communities of central Sweden. However， it was not until the 1900s that this became the most Swedish of all traditional celebrations.

At Midsummer， many people begin their five-week holiday. Midsummer Eve is celebrated in the countryside and on the day before， everyone leaves town， everything is closed and the city streets are suddenly deserted. The countrys main roads， on the other hand， are packed. Queues of cars spread over the distance， and at the end of the road， family and friends wait among trees in full.

Frankly， Midsummer is a time for large gatherings. Many Swedes take advantage of Midsummer to fulfil their social duties so that they can enjoy the rest of their holiday in peace. In many cases， the whole family and friends gather to celebrate this traditional high point of the summer.

Swedes like the world to be well-ordered， so Midsummer Eve is always on a Friday between 19 and 25 June. People often begin the day by picking flowers and making wreaths （花环） to place on the maypole， which is a key part in the celebrations.

A typical Midsummer menu includes different kinds of fish， boiled new potatoes and soured cream. That is often followed by a grilled dish of some kind， and for dessert， it is the first strawberries of summer， with cream. After dinner， many people still want to go out dancing， just like in the old days.

5. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about？

A. Some interesting traditions in Sweden.

B. The history of the Swedish Midsummer.

C. The reasons for Swedes celebrating the Midsummer.

D. Some popular activities among Swedish young people.

6. What would probably be the most crowded places during the Midsummer？

A. The towns. B. The city streets.

C. The rocky hills. D. The countrys main roads.

7. What does the underlined word “fulfil” in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Reduce. B. Change.

C. Put off. D. Carry out.

8. What can we infer from the text about the Swedish Midsummer？

A. Its a must to decorate the maypole with wreaths.

B. The Eve usually falls on June 20th every year.

C. Hot food is never offered during the festival.

D. Joining dance parties is less popular now.

跟蹤导练（二）

完形填空

Whenever we hear about “the homeless，”， most of us think of the Developing World. But the1is that homelessness is everywhere. For example， how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a2   country like Germany？

Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making3for the homeless of Berlin， Germanys capital. They first4one long hot summer when most Germans were5on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home， made sandwiches， set up a table in the street and gave6to the homeless.

The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent    7 . “What these people also need is warmth and8 ，” says Rita. The Mullers decided to give their9number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita made sure there was somebody at home to10the phone and their home was always11to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street.

The couple were soon12all their time and money， so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to13donations. Today， over thirty companies14donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to15them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer donates16shoes.

Kurt and Rita receive no17for their hard work. “We feel like parents，” says Rita， “and parents shouldnt18 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary （薪水）.” Though Rita admits she often gets19 ， she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a20in the world.

1. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea

2. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy

3. A. preparations B. houses

C. meals D. suggestions

4. A. began B. met C. called D. left

5. A. asleep B. alone C. busy D. away

6. A. money B. food C. advice D. water

7. A. enough B. necessary C. helpful D. expensive

8. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring

9. A. phone B. room C. street D. card

10. A. hold B. ring C. answer D. use

11. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. far

12. A. passing B. wasting C. taking D. spending

13. A. take back B. ask for C. find out D. carry out

14. A. formally B. occasionally

C. frequently D. actually

15. A. donate B. sell C. send D. lend

16. A. new B. big C. special D. famous

17. A. permission B. payment C. instruction D. support

18. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. expect

19. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused

20. A. change B. difference C. point D. rule

語法填空

In much of Asia， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan， Korea，1Vietnam， food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long， thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic， animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.2（true） elegant （雅致的） chopsticks might3（make） of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also put various hardwoods and metal together4（create） special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，5（use） twigs （树枝） to pick it up. Over time，6the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually7（turn） into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from roughly 551 BC to 479 BC， influenced the8（develop） of chopsticks. Confucius believed9（knife） would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India， for example， most people traditionally eat10their hands.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

As a means of dealing with loneliness and social isolation （孤立） in English towns， local police forces have begun providing specific public benches that can be used for making friends and having conversations.

The “Chat Benches”， which are now located in two different parks and outdoor areas in Somerset， are recognized by a little sign reading： “Sit here if you dont mind someone stopping to say hello！”

The Avon and Somerset Police Department Facebook page recently published photos of their two new “Chat Benches” in Burnham and Taunton with an encouraging note for readers to stop by and use them for socialization. “The sign simply helps to break the silence between strangers who find themselves sharing a common place，” says the police department. “We can all play a part. Simply stopping to say ‘hello to someone at the ‘Chat Bench could make life a little better for many people.”

According to a survey of the department， 17% of old people are only in contact with family， friends and neighbors less than once a week. This rises to about 9 million British people who suffer from loneliness and isolation each year.

The police force launched the Chat Bench earlier this month to go with World Elder Abuse （虐待） Awareness Day. Though the officers say that there are many different forms of elder abuse which deserve our concern， they hope that the Chat Bench will help to deal with senior loneliness in their communities. “The Chat Bench is a fantastic new thing and I hope people of all ages start many more conversations in the future，” says Police and Crime Commissioner Sue Mountstevens.

1. What can we learn about the Chat Bench according to the text？

A. It is designed for foreigners.

B. It can be seen in every English town.

C. It has helped many people deal with loneliness.

D. It has signs to encourage strangers to start conversations.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about British people？

A. Most of the old live alone.

B. They pay less attention to mind health.

C. More old people feel lonely and isolated.

D. They have little interest in social activities.

3. What do Sue Mountstevens words mean in the last paragraph？

A. Elder abuse hasnt drawn public attention.

B. He has high expectations for the Chat Bench.

C. He doesnt think people can enjoy using the Chat Bench.

D. Senior loneliness has been a serious social problem in

Britain.

4. What could be the best title for the text？

A. The History of “Chat Benches”

B. New Tourist Attractions in British Towns

C. British Police Find Communication Areas in the Towns

D. British Police Create “Chat Benches” to Fight Social

Isolation

B

Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are， like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City， for example， is near a large harbor at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns （新興城市） grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896， Dawson， Canada， was unmapped wilderness （荒野）. But gold was discovered there in 1897， and two years later， it was one of the largest cities in the West， with a population of 30，000.

Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They traveled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche （雪崩） once closed the path， killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson， however， the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold， 4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

But no matter how rich they were， Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon， the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down， and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska， they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today， people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the most important industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.

5. What attracted the early settlers to New York City？

A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.

C. Its favorable climate. D. Its geographical position.

6. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson？

A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.

B. One out of five people got rich.

C. Almost everyone gave up.

D. Half of them died.

7. What was the main reason for people to leave Dawson？

A. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.

B. They were unable to stand the winter.

C. They found the city too crowded.

D. They were short of food.

8. What is the text mainly about？

A. Journeys into the wilderness.

B. The rise and fall of a city.

C. The gold rush in Canada.

D. Tourism in Dawson.

跟蹤导练（四）

阅读七选五

When walking in a street， you are likely to hear passers-by speaking Chinese aloud. 1 After entering a store， its possible that youll see Huawei smartphones for sale. It isnt referring to a city in China， but Manchester， UK. In fact， you might see similar things in many other cities around the world. 2

Chinese dishes have been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time. But to satisfy local peoples tastes， Chinese restaurants have made some necessary changes to the dishes. “One example is the meat，” said Yin Hang， who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia. “3 Therefore， Chinese restaurants serve big pieces of meat without bones， even for fish.”

4 In many cities in Europe， stores sell TCL televisions， Haier fridges and Lenovo computers， reported Reuters. More than half of US-owned drones （无人机） are Chinese models， according to China Daily. Theyre designed and made in China.

In the past， most people in the West thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable. 5 “Made in China” has become cool and more people trust Chinese brands. “For example， Huawei， one of Chinas major smartphone makers， overtook Apple in global smartphone sales for the first time in June and July in 2019，” noted consulting firm Counterpoint Research.

A. But things have changed greatly.

B. Indeed， Chinese products have been going abroad.

C. But people here dont like to eat meat with bones.

D. National brands are enjoying great success in China.

E. Turning to the right， you may see a Chinese restaurant.

F. What is the biggest problem with many Chinese brands？

G. Many Chinese brands are also becoming more and more

popular.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

完形填空

On my way back home， I was stopped at a traffic light by some people who asked for help. A woman1to give way to an ambulance （救护车）， but drove her car over stony obstacles （障碍） that2the bike line from the street. Unluckily， she had her car trapped （困住） as a3 . She couldnt move the4in any direction. Some people tried to lift the car back but the obstacles were too5and high. Seeing that they couldnt do much about it， they could only6and the woman alone in the car tried to call for7 .

While watching the other people leave and finding she needed some service， I8that the woman would be on her own and felt helpless. And at that time， I imagined how9I would be if I were in that situation. So， I asked her what I could do for her. She appreciated my10 . She made a call and was11that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to arrive.

I tried to comfort the woman who seemed to feel12 about causing trouble for others. But13it wasnt too much trouble since they could still14 . We laughed and joked that all we15was some tea for our chat.

Finally，16came and someone helped her back on the street. She thanked me and17my phone number so she could return the18 ， but I told her it was OK. She seemed to feel19when we said our goodbyes. I believed not having to face a difficult20alone mattered much for her.

1. A. refused B. regretted C. tried D. preferred

2. A. protected B. separated C. kept D. differed

3. A. result B. rule C. start D. prize

4. A. bike B. line C. stone D. car

5. A. heavy B. light C. small D. close

6. A. watch B. stay C. stand D. leave

7. A. service B. advice C. survey D. change

8. A. argued B. realized C. decided D. misunderstood

9. A. fortunate B. pleased C. painful D. amused

10. A. suggestions B. attention C. thanks D. humor

11. A. warned B. told C. required D. observed

12. A. happy B. curious C. puzzled D. worried

13. A. unluckily B. sadly C. actually D. sincerely

14. A. talk B. run C. pass D. walk

15. A. needed B. thought C. saw D. chose

16. A. disappointment B. sickness C. fear D. help

17. A. cut out B. turned in C. asked for D. looked at

18. A. kindness B. truth C. money D. call

19. A. tired B. relaxed C. bored D. brave

20. A. task B. disaster C. program D. situation

跟蹤导练（五）

閱读理解

A friend of mine lies to his wife all the time. Not big lies. He tells little ones， with the best of intentions （目的）. For example， his wife asks him to order baseball tickets. He forgets to do it. “Ill tell her its done because I still plan on getting it done，” he said. “Im just unwilling to disappoint her and make her mad at me. I feel bad， but it doesnt feel like a lie， because I know Ill get it done as soon as possible.”

“Do you think Im wrong？” he asked me.

I nodded. In my opinion， there are dangers with white lies.

Weve become used to lying in our society. Our culture accepts white lies and even encourages them. People sometimes tell themselves that white lies are hard to avoid and even valuable. But lies， even white ones， are never harmless.

Sometimes one lie leads directly to another. We have to tell a second lie to cover up the first. And finally youll have difficulty in covering your lies. When you fail to do that， others will know youve lied.

Lying harms the foundation （基础） of trust. Trust is easy to lose. It doesnt take much to begin to destroy it. Lying— even white lying—causes doubt， and this uncertainty often leads to mistrust. You may feel better in the short term， but lies will weaken trust in the long run.

After talking with me， my friend came to realize even white lies could lead to serious problems and that his “yes” needed to be a “yes”. Id encourage you to follow that same path. Let your word be your bond （契约）. Lies， even white lies， can lead to big problems.

1. Why does the authors friend often lie to his wife？

A. He becomes tired of explaining something to her.

B. He is unwilling to make her worry about him.

C. He is too lazy to do the things she has asked.

D. He wants to make her happy.

2. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about？

A. How lies confuse people.

B. Why people continue lying.

C. The ways to win others trust.

D. The negative effects of telling lies.

3. What did the authors friend probably decide to do in the end？

A. To be a trusty person anytime.

B. To ask for his wifes forgiveness.

C. To improve his communication skills.

D. To think twice before making decisions.

4. What is the main purpose of the text？

A. To ask people to avoid telling lies including white lies.

B. To point out the importance of friendship.

C. To encourage people to be kind to their families.

D. To show several causes for people telling white lies.

阅读七选五

Do you know Australia？ Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth.

1 The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai. The government has made enough laws to fight pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. 2 You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

Last month we visited Perth， the biggest city in Western Australia， and went to a wild flowers exhibition. 3 We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers exhibition.

After visiting Perth， we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path （小路） at the foot of a hill. 4 Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path. 5 After a short drive from any town， you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep， sheep， everywhere are sheep.

A. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves.

B. The sky is blue and the water is clean.

C. Australia is big， but its population is not large.

D. The people of Australia are very hard-working.

E. Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos.

F. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.

G. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never

seen before.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

跟蹤导练（六）

选词填空

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。有两个词是多余的。

pollute fortunate measure crowd develop exchange

educate figure hungry position tourist goal

1. The national employment ____ are published every month.

2. In winter the place ____ with skiers.

3. The area is heavily dependent on ____ ， which has developed rapidly recently.

4. Three hundred people in this country died of ____ last year.

5. The ____ water made many people sick.

6. With the ____ of our countrys economy， we are living a better life.

7. Its a matter of setting your own ____ and following them.

8. It is ____ that the weather is so bad.

9. We ____ the room and found it was 20 feet long and 15 feet wide.

10. The cost of ____ children in the United States has risen greatly.

句子翻译

1. 那条船在海底躺了有两百年了。（at the bottom of）

2. 在这一页的顶部写下你的姓名、地址和电话号码。（at the top of）

3. 医生们正在尽一切努力抢救那个男孩。（make effort）

4. 我认为他与这事密切相关。（be connected with）

5. 这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。（be close to）

短文改错

One day， in my way to school， I noticed two anxious foreigners surrounding by a group of people. I stopped and found that they were tourist from Canada who carelessly left a very importantly wallet in a taxi. So I take them to the nearest police station. With help of the policemen， we got in touch with the taxi company. We were telling that the wallet had just been found. And two passports， flight tickets， or some money were still inside it. Finally the two Canadians got our wallet back. They thanked for me and left.

书面表达

假定你是李华，Mike是你的留学生朋友。你看到一则关于中美两国文化差异讲座的海报，决定给他写一封邮件，建议他去听这个讲座。内容包括：

1.写信的原因;

2.海报的有关内容;

3.说明为什么建议他去。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Scandalous Food Wastage Globally

全球粮食浪费触目惊心

The food the world wastes accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions than any country except for China and the United States， the United Nations said in a report entitled The Food Wastage Footprint.

联合国在一份题为“粮食浪费足迹”的报告中称，全球粮食浪费产生的温室气体排放，超过中国和美国以外其他任何国家的排放量。

Every year about a third of all food for human consumption， around 1.3 billion tons， is wasted， along with all the energy， water and chemicals needed to produce it and dispose of it.

全球每年约有1/3的粮食被浪费，浪费量大约为13亿吨。与此同时，生产和处理粮食所需的能源、水和化学制品也被浪费。

Almost 30 percent of the worlds farmland， and a volume of water equivalent to the annual discharge of the River Volga， are in effect being used in vain.

全球几乎有30%的农田和相当于俄罗斯伏尔加河年流量的水资源被白白消耗。

In its report， the FAO estimated that the carbon footprint of wasted food was equivalent to 3.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year.

联合国粮农组织（FAO）在報告中预测，粮食浪费产生的碳足迹，相当于每年排放33亿吨二氧化碳。

If it were a country， it would be the worlds third biggest emitter after China and the United States， suggesting that more efficient food use could contribute substantially to global efforts to cut greenhouse gases to limit global warming.

如果把粮食浪费造成的碳排放看成一个国家，那么它是继中国和美国之后的全球第三大温室气体排放国。这表明更有效地使用粮食，将能为减少温室气体排放以抑制气候变暖做出巨大贡献。

In the industrialized world， much of the waste comes from consumers buying too much and throwing away what they do not eat. In developing countries， it is mainly the result of inefficient farming and a lack of proper storage facilities.

在工业发达国家，多数粮食浪费与消费者购买太多食物、把没吃的食物扔掉有关;在发展中国家，农业效率低且缺乏适当的存储设施，是造成粮食浪费的主要原因。

“Food wastage reduction would not only avoid pressure on scarce natural resources but also decrease the need to raise food production by 60 percent in order to meet the 2050 population demand，”the FAO said.

“减少浪费食物，不仅能避免因稀缺的自然资源减少产生的压力，还能减轻需要提高粮食生产水平60%才能满足2050年的人口需求的压力。”联合国粮农组织称。

It suggested improving communication between producers and consumers to manage the supply chain more efficiently， as well as investing more in harvesting， cooling and packaging methods.

报告建议加强生产者和消费者之间的沟通，以更有效地管理供应链，以及更多地投资于收割、冷却和包装方法。

It also said consumers in the developed world should be encouraged to serve smaller portions and make more use of leftovers. Businesses should give surplus food to charities， and develop alternatives to dump organic waste in landfill.

该报告还说，应鼓励发达国家的消费者提供小份量的食物，并更多地利用剩余饭菜。企业应该将剩余食物捐给慈善机构，并开发出将有机废物倒入垃圾填埋场的替代方法。

The FAO estimated the cost of the wasted food， excluding fish and seafood， at about $750 billion a year， based on producer prices.

联合国粮农组织估算，基于生产者价格，不包括鱼和海鲜在内，一年所浪费粮食的经济损失约为7500亿美元。

The wasted food consumes about 250 cubic km of water and takes up about 1.4 billion hectares—much of it is diverse natural habitat that has been cleared to make it arable.

被浪費的粮食所消耗的水约250立方千米，占地约14亿公顷——其中大部分是已被转化为耕地的多样化的自然生态栖息地。