Disaster preparedness tips

浙江杭州市富阳区新登中学 胡君祥

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难词探意

1. catastrophe /kə'tæstrəfi/ n. 灾难

2. drill /drɪl/ n. 训练

3. evacuation /ɪ,vækju'eɪ∫n/ n. 疏散

4. deed /diːd/ n. （尤指房产）契约；证书

No one can prevent natural disasters. But you can prepare for them. Being ready for acatastrophebefore it happens may help you protect yourself, your family and your home.

First, create and practice a plan with your family, figuring out what to do in the event of a disaster. Make sure everyone knows their role and the plan—then havedrills, practicing so you're all comfortable with who does what.According to Ready.gov, the four primary factors that your plan should account for include where to shelter, a route for evacuation, getting emergency alerts and warnings, and family communication.

Pack an emergency preparedness kit. Having an emergency preparedness kit on hand may help you keep your family safe during a disaster. Supplies of food, clean water, medication, batteries, radios, flashlights, medical supplies, clothing, and blankets should be stored in the kit, along with food and water for pets. Many people also like to keep copies of important documents like birth certificates,deedsof homes and cars, and passports in the kit, so that it will be readily accessible as needed, and keeping cash on hand is also a good idea.As a general rule, there should be enough supplies in an emergency kit to get by for 72 hours without assistance.

Take note of your insurance policy numbers, and keep this information in a safe place that's easy to access. You'll want the numbers for your vehicle, home and any other relevant policies you've purchased relating to things that might get damaged during a disaster. It's also a wise idea to have your insurance company's claims department phone number on hand in case you need to start the process right away.While storing your insurance information in your phone and computer is a good start,your electronics' batteries may run down during a catastrophic event.Keep hard copies of this information in your wallet, in your glove box and even at your office or a relative's home in case you're unable to retrieve them from your own house but need to make a call.

Language

Study

Difficult sentences

1. According to Ready.gov, the four primary factors that your plan should account for include where to shelter, a route for evacuation, getting emergency alerts and warnings, and family communication.

译文：根据Ready.gov，你的计划应该考虑的四个主要因素包括去哪里避难、撤离的路线、得到紧急警报和警告，以及家庭交流。

分析：本句中，account for本意为“对……做出解释；说明……的原因；（比例）占”，在此处可引申为“考虑”。

2. As a general rule, there should be enough supplies in an emergency kit to get by for 72 hours without assistance.

译文：一般情况下，应急包里应该要有足够的物资，以便在没有救援的情况下度过72小时。

分析：本句中，get by意为“勉强应付；设法过活”。

Reading

Check

阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

写作导引

一、析结构，确定中心话题，理要点

二、改写

可以采用替换、转换和信息概括等技巧来实现对原文要点的转述。

1. 替换：同义词替换、单词替换短语、短语替换句子等。

a. The universe began with a “Big Bang”. →The universe started with/originated from a “Big Bang”.

b. Bear in mind that nothing is impossible. →Remember that nothing is impossible.

c. Since you have realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. →Having realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.

where the meanings of a,b,A i,B i and those in Eq 5 are the same,A50 and B50 are the dose of drug A and B,respectively,that yield one-half individual maximal effect,p and q are the Hill coefficient describing the dose-response relation of drug A and B,respectively.

2. 转换：词性转换、句式转换、语态转换、主语转换等。

a. Doing exercise for an hour a day benefits your health. →Doing exercise for an hour a day is beneficial to your health.

b. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. →It took some time for water to show the importance in the development of life.

c. People are still cutting down too many trees. →Too many trees are still being cut down by people.

d. The universe began with a “Big Bang”. →A “Big Bang” gave rise to/led to/resulted in the universe.

三、修改

1. 运用适当的连接词润色文章。

表并列、递进：as well as、in addition to、not only...but also...、besides、what's more、furthermore等。

表对比：meanwhile、on the one hand..., on the other hand...、on the contrary、by contrast等。

表列举：firstly、secondly、finally等。

表原因：because (of)、due to、on account of、for等。

表举例：for example/instance、such as、and so on等。

总结：therefore、consequently、in short、in conclusion、in a word等。

2. 关注所写概要的词数，通常词数超过72就要删减一些细节；词数少于48，可添加一些细节。 例如：

First, create a plan with your family, which should include some basic elements, like getting emergency alerts, where to shelter, and a route for evacuation. →First, create a plan with your family,which should include some basic elements, like getting emergency alerts. (删减细节)

First, create a plan with your family, which should include some basic elements, like getting emergency alerts. →First, create a plan with your family, which should include some basic elements,like getting emergency alerts, where to shelter, and a route for evacuation. (增加细节)