布莱希特作品

董继平

贝托尔特·布莱希特（Bertolt Brecht，1898-1956），20世紀德国著名诗人、剧作家，生于巴伐利亚州的奥格斯堡，早年在慕尼黑学习医学和自然科学，后来转向文学创作。1933年希特勒上台后，他被迫流亡丹麦和芬兰;二战爆发后，他又不得不流亡美国，在好莱坞待过一段时间。战后他回到欧洲，在东柏林组建了“柏林剧团”，此后主要创作戏剧。1950年入奥地利籍，1955年获得“斯大林和平奖”。他的诗集主要有《家庭格言》（1927）、《歌曲集》（1934）、《斯文堡诗集》（1939）、《诗百首》（1955）等。此外，他还留下了若干小说以及文学评论。

世界的一个希望

1 ▲ 压迫古老得如同池塘周围的苔藓？

池塘周围的苔藓不可避免。

也许我看到的一切都很自然，我感到恶心，想除掉那无法除掉的东西？

我读过埃及人的歌，他们建造金字塔的人的歌。他们抱怨自己的负荷，询问压迫何时会停止。那是四千年前的事情。

看起来，压迫就像苔藓，不可避免。

2 ▲ 正当一个孩子即将被车撞倒，一个人把他拉到人行道上。

并不是善良的人都那样做，他们给他竖起纪念碑。

任何人都把那个孩子从车前拉走。

但在这里，很多人被撞倒了，还有很多人路过，不曾像这样施以援手。

难道那是因为受苦受难的人如此之多？因为他们为数众多，一个人就更不应该帮助他们？一个人较少帮助他们。即便是善良的人路过，那之后，他们在路过之前依旧善良。

3 ▲ 他们越是有苦难，他们的苦难就越是显得自然。谁想阻止大海里的鱼被打湿呢？

苦难本身对自己分享这种麻木，对自己缺乏善良。可怕的是，人类如此轻易地容忍眼下的境遇，不仅容忍陌生人的苦难，还容忍自己的苦难。

所有思考过事物的糟糕状态的人，都拒绝求助于一群人对另一群人的同情。但是，受压迫者对受压迫者的同情不可或缺。

这就是世界的一个希望。

THE WORLD'S ONE HOPE

1 ▲ Is oppression as old as the moss around ponds？

The moss around ponds is not avoidable.

Perhaps everything I see is natural， and I am sick and want to remove what cannot be removed？

I have read songs of the Egyptians， of their men who built the pyramids. They complained of their loads and asked when oppression would cease. Thats four thousand years ago.

Oppression， it would seem， is like the moss and unavoidable.

2 ▲ When a child is about to be run down by a car one pulls it on to the pavement.

Not the kindly man does that， to whom they put up monuments.

Anyone pulls the child away from the car.

But here many have been run down， and many pass by and do nothing of the sort.

Is that because its so many who are suffering？ Should one not help them all the more because they are many？ One helps them less. Even the kindly walk past and after that are as kindly as ever they were before walking past.

3 ▲ The more there are suffering，then，the more natural their sufferings

appear. Who wants to prevent the fishes in the sea from getting wet？

And the suffering themselves share this callousness towardsthemselves and are lacking in kindness towards themselves. It is terrible that human beings so easily put up with existing conditions， not only with the sufferings of strangers but also with their own.

All those who have thought about the bad state of things refuse to appeal to the compassion of one group of people for another. But the compassion of the oppressed for the oppressed is indispensable.

It is the worlds one hope.

到處看到很多东西

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了一片可爱的风景;清澈的天空的背景上有一座山丘，草丛在风中摇摆起伏。一座房子倚靠在山丘上，犹如女人倚靠在男人身上。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到一条很适合把大炮布置在后面的山脊。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了一座房子，它如此破败不堪，因此山丘不得不支撑它，这就意味着它整天都处于阴影的笼罩下。我在不同的时辰路过它，它的烟囱里从来不曾有似乎在煮饭的炊烟升起。我还看到了生活在那里的人。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了岩石嶙峋的地面上焦干的土地。每片草叶都孤零零地伫立。石头躺在草皮上。一座山丘投下太多的阴影。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了一块岩石犹如拒绝被打倒的巨人，从长满草丛的土壤中抬起它的肩头。那草丛僵硬、挺直而骄傲地伫立在焦干的地面上。一片冷漠的天空。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了地面上的一道褶皱。千万年前，这里的大地表面肯定有过一场巨大的隆起。

花岗岩曝露出来。

流浪者，你看到了什么？没有可坐的长椅。我累了。

PLENTY TO SEE EVERYWHERE

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a pleasant landscape; there was a grey hill against a clear sky， and the grass waved in the wind. A house leaned against the hill like a woman leaning against a man.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a ridge good to position guns behind.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a house so tumbledown that it had to be propped up by a hill，which meant that it lay in shadow all day. I passed it at various hours，and there was never smoke rising from the chimney as if food were being cooked. And I saw people who were living there.

What did you see， wanderer？

I saw a parched field on rocky ground. Each blade of grass stood singly. Stones lay on the turf. A hill cast too much shadow.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a rock raising its shoulder from the grassy soil like a giant that refuses to be beaten. And the grass standing up stiff and straight， proudly，on parched ground. And an indifferent sky.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a fold in the ground. Thousands of years ago there must have been great upheavals of the earths surface here.

The granite lay exposed.

What did you see，wanderer？No bench to sit on. I was tired.