The Lady with the Lamp: Florence Nightingale 提灯天使：弗洛伦斯?南丁格尔

Juno

南丁格爾是世界上第一个真正的女护士，她开创了护理事业。她的努力，让昔日地位低微的护士，成为崇高的象征，“南丁格尔”也成为护士精神的代名词。国际护士节设立在南丁格尔的生日这一天，就是为了纪念这位近代护理事业的创始人。

Florence Nightingale， known as “The Lady With the Lamp”， was a British nurse， social reformer and 1）statistician. She was the founder of modern nursing， transforming nursing into a respectable 2）profession. She established St. Thomas' Hospital and the Nightingale Training School for Nurses in 1860. Her efforts to reform healthcare greatly influenced the quality of care in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Florence Nightingale was born on May 12， 1820， in Florence， Italy. Although her parents were from England， she was born in Italy while they were traveling. Florence was named after the Italian city where she was born. Growing up in a wealthy family， Florence Nightingale was homeschooled and her father provided her with a 3）classical education， including studies in German， French and Italian.

From a very young age， Florence Nightingale was

1） statistician [?st?t??st??n] n.统计学家

2） profession [pr??fe?n] n.职业

3） classical [?kl?s?kl] adj.传统的;古典的

active in 4）philanthropy， 5）ministering to the ill and poor people in the village neighboring her family's estate. By the time she was 16 years old， it was clear to her that nursing was her calling.

Even though it was not a respected profession at the time， Nightingale told her parents about her ambitions to become a nurse. They were not pleased. In fact， her parents forbade her to pursue nursing. During the Victorian Era， a young lady of Nightingale's social 6）stature was expected to marry a man of means—not take up a job that was viewed as lowly 7）menial labor by the upper social classes. When Nightingale was 17 years old， she refused a marriage 8）proposal from a “suitable” gentleman. Determined to pursue her true calling despite her parents' objections， in 1844， Nightingale 9）enrolled as a nursing student at the Lutheran Hospital of Pastor Fliedner in Kaiserwerth， Germany.

After finishing her program in Germany， Nightingale went to Paris for extra training. By the time she was 33， Nightingale was already making a name for herself in the nursing community. She returned to England in 1853 and became the 10）superintendent and manager of a hospital for “gentlewomen” in London.

In March 1854， reports flooded in about the 11）dreadful conditions and lack of medical supplies suffered by injured soldiers fighting the Crimean War. The Minister of War， a social 12）acquaintance， invited Florence. With a party of 38 nurses， Florence arrived at the British camp outside of Constantinople that

4） philanthropy [f??l?nθr?pi] n.慈善活动    9） enroll [?n'r??l] v.入学

5） minister [?m?n?st?（r）] v.照料    10） superintendent [?su?p?r?n?tend?nt] n.负责人

6） stature [?st?t??（r）] n.高度;声望    11） dreadful [?dredfl] adj.可怕的，糟糕的

7） menial [?mi?ni?l] adj.卑微的    12） acquaintance [??kwe?nt?ns] n.熟人

8） proposal [pr??p??zl] n.求婚

November and set about organising the hospitals to improve supplies of food， blankets and beds， as well as the general conditions and cleanliness. The comforting sight of her checking all was well at night earned her the name “Lady of the Lamp”， along with the 13）undying respect of the British soldiers.

Within six months， Nightingale and her team transformed the hospital. The death rate went down from 40 percent to 2 percent because of their work.

When Nightingale returned from the war， she continued to improve the conditions of hospitals. She 14）presented her experiences and her data to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1856. This data was the reason they formed a Royal Commission to improve the health of the British Army. In 1859， Nightingale continued to spread her healthier medical practices by helping to set up the Army Medical College in Chatham. That same year， she published a book called Notes on Nursing： What it is， and What it is Not. Her book gives advice on good patient care and safe hospital environments. As a result of her efforts during the war， a fund was set up for Nightingale to continue teaching nurses in England. In 1860， the Nightingale Training School at St. Thomas' Hospital was officially opened. In her later years， Nightingale was often 15）bedridden from illness. However， she continued to 16）advocate for safe nursing practices until her death.

Florence Nightingale died on August 13th，

13） undying [f??l?nθr?pi] adj.永恒的，不朽的

14） present [?st?t??（r）] v.展現;提交

15） bedridden [pr??p??zl] adj.卧床不起的

16） advocate [，su：p?r?n?tend?nt] v.倡导

1910 at the age of 90. Two years after her death， the International Committee of the Red Cross created the Florence Nightingale Medal， that is given to excellent nurses every two years. Also， International Nurses Day has been celebrated on her birthday since 1965.

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔是一名英国护士，一位社会改革家和统计学家，有“提灯天使”的美称，也是现代护理的创始人，将护理变成了受人们尊敬的职业。她于1860年在圣托马斯医院创建了南丁格尔护士学校，为医疗护理改革做出的努力极大地影响了19世纪和20世纪的护理质量。

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔，1820年5月12日出生于意大利佛罗伦萨。尽管她的父母来自英格兰，却是在意大利旅行时生下了她，便以她出生的意大利城市给她命名。弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔在一个富裕的家庭中长大，一直在家中上学，她的父亲为她提供古典教育，包括德语、法语和意大利语的学习。

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔从很小的时候就积极从事慈善事业，照料附近村庄中的病人和穷人。到16岁时，她已经很清楚护理是她的使命。

当时的护士并不是一份受人尊重的职业，但南丁格尔还是告诉她的父母她想成为一名护士。她的父母并不高兴。实际上，他们禁止她继续做护理。在维多利亚时代，像南丁格尔一样的年轻女士被认为应该与一个有钱人结婚，而不是从事被上流社会视为卑微的劳动的工作。南丁格尔17岁时，拒绝了一位“合适的”绅士的求婚。她不顾父母的反对，决心追求她的真正梦想，于1844年，在德国凯瑟沃兹路德教会的弗里德纳牧师医院就读。

在德国完成学业后，南丁格尔前往巴黎接受额外的培训。33岁的时候，她已经在护理界小有名气。1853年，她回到英格兰，担任伦敦患病妇女护理会的监督。

1854年3月，关于克里米亚战争的受伤士兵所处的严峻条件和缺乏医疗用品的报道泛滥。一位认识的部长邀请南丁格尔来队伍中照顾伤员。南丁格尔与38名护士一起，于11月抵达君士坦丁堡郊外的英国营地，并着手组织医院改善食物、毯子和床的供应，以及提升总体条件和清洁度。她在晚上手提着灯仔细检查每一名伤员的景象使她获得了“提灯天使”的美称，并赢得了英国士兵的敬意。

在六个月内，南丁格尔和她的团队对医院进行了改造。由于她们的工作，英军死亡率从40%下降到2%。

南丁格尔从前线回来后，继续改善医疗条件。她于1856年向维多利亚女王和阿尔伯特亲王介绍了自己的经历，并呈现了一些数据。这些数据支撑他们成立了皇家委员会以改善英军的医疗条件。1859年，南丁格尔在查塔姆建立陆军医学院，以继续传播她更健康的医疗习惯。同年，她出版了一本书，名为《护理札记》。这本书就良好的护理和安全的医疗环境两方面给出建议。鉴于她在战争期间的努力，南丁格尔获得了巨额捐款并以此作为“南丁格尔基金”，以继续在英格兰培训护士。1860年，圣托马斯医院的南丁格尔护士学校正式创立。晚年，南丁格尔因病常年卧床不起，但她一直提倡安全的护理习惯，直到去世。

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔于1910年8月13日去世，享年90岁。在她去世两年后，红十字国际委员会批准设立了南丁格尔勋章，每两年颁发一次给优秀的护士。此外，自1965年以来，南丁格尔的生日5月12日被设为“国际护士节”。