刘正希 张小利 叶晓秀
【摘要】 目的 分析妊娠肝內胆汁淤积症胎兔肺泡液中胆汁酸水平对上皮细胞损伤的情况。方法 32只孕兔, 随机分为对照组和疾病组, 每组16只。在成功妊娠22 d后, 疾病组孕兔经颈后皮注射苯甲酸雌二醇, 对照组孕兔经颈后皮下注射生理盐水, 用药直至孕兔分娩。比较两组孕兔血清生化指标水平与妊娠结局;胎兔肝胆酸水平、胎心组织心肌三磷酸腺苷酸水平、胎心细胞凋亡情况、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果 疾病组孕兔天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酸、总胆汁酸、肝胆酸水平高于对照组, 总胆固醇水平低于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组孕兔总胆红素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疾病组孕兔的胎兔质量(32.2±2.0)g、胎盘质量(5.0±0.4)g均低于对照组的(40.5±2.5)、(5.6±0.5)g, 妊娠时间(27.5±1.4)d短于对照组的(30.4±1.7)d, 胎兔存活率54.4%低于对照组的100.0%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组胎兔肝胆酸、胎心组织心肌三磷酸腺苷酸水平低于对照组, 胎心细胞凋亡指数高于对照组, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组胎兔SOD水平明显低于对照组, MDA水平明显高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症胎兔心肌细胞有生成量障碍、氧化损伤、细胞凋亡现象, 颈后皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇可改变疾病病理表现, 由此证实雌激素可诱发胆汁淤积, 也是引起疾病主要因素。
【关键词】 妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症;胎兔;肺泡液;胆汁酸;上皮细胞
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.32.085
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the injury of epithelial cells by bile acid level in alveolar fluid of fetal rabbits with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Methods A total of 32 pregnant rabbits were randomly divided into control group and disease group, with 16 rabbits in each group. After 22 d of successful pregnancy, the pregnant rabbits in the disease group received subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate, and the pregnant rabbits in the control group received subcutaneous injection of normal saline. The medication was administered until delivery. The serum biochemical index levels and pregnancy outcome, cholyglycine, myocardial adenosine triphosphate level in fetal heart tissue, apoptosis of fetal heart cells, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bile acid and cholyglycine of disease group were higher than those of the control group, and total cholesterol level was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in total bilirubin level between the two groups (P>0.05). The fetal rabbit mass (32.2±2.0) g and the placental mass (5.0±0.4) g in the disease group were lower than (40.5±2.5) and (5.6±0.5) g in the control group, time to pregnancy (27.5±1.4) d was shorter than (30.4±1.7) d of the control group, and survival rate of fetal rabbits 54.4% was lower than 100.0% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The cholyglycine and myocardial adenosine triphosphate level in fetal heart tissue of disease group were lower than those of the control group, and apoptosis index of fetal heart cells was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). SOD level of disease group was obviously lower than that of the control group, and MDA was obviously higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The myocardial cells of fetal rabbits with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy have the phenomena of production disturbance, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate could change the pathological manifestations of the disease. It was confirmed that estrogen could induce cholestasis, which was also the main cause of the disease.
通过本次研究发现, 疾病组孕兔天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酸、总胆汁酸、肝胆酸水平高于对照组, 总胆固醇水平低于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组孕兔总胆红素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疾病组孕兔的胎兔质量(32.2±2.0)g、胎盘质量(5.0±0.4)g均低于對照组的(40.5±2.5)、(5.6±0.5)g, 妊娠时间(27.5±1.4)d短于对照组的(30.4±1.7)d, 胎兔存活率54.4%低于对照组的100.0%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组胎兔肝胆酸、胎心组织心肌三磷酸腺苷酸水平低于对照组, 胎心细胞凋亡指数高于对照组, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组胎兔SOD水平明显低于对照组, MDA水平明显高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疾病组孕兔天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酸、总胆汁酸、肝胆酸水平较高, 但是总胆固醇水平较低, 此外胎兔质量、胎盘质量较低, 不仅妊娠时间短, 存活率更极低。家兔疾病病理改变与人类较为相似, 且家兔具有易繁殖、一胎多产的特点, 再加上胎兔大小较为合适, 在本次研究中选择了新西兰家兔。胆汁酸对体外培养的肝细胞、肠黏膜上皮细胞等有着浓度与时间依赖性细胞毒副作用, 胆汁酸有着氧自由基效果, 易于脂类多不饱脂肪酸中的双链产生反应, 从而破坏了膜脂质, 产生氧化损伤, 引起线粒体功能障碍。在胆汁酸致细胞毒性作用中线粒体损伤有着重要作用。颈后皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇可改善肝脏组织病理、胞质内胆汁样物质沉积, 可见雌激素可有效抑制肝细胞对胆汁酸的摄取, 与此同时胆汁酸的细胞毒性作用会破坏肝细胞, 释放肝酶。
综上所述, 妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症胎兔心肌细胞有生成量障碍、氧化损伤、细胞凋亡现象, 颈后皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇可改变疾病病理表现, 由此证实雌激素可诱发胆汁淤积, 也是引起疾病主要因素。
参考文献
[1] 陈天天. 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症胆汁酸对新生儿并发症及预后的影响. 中国当代医药, 2015(3):50-51, 54.
[2] 郑皓文. 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症发病机制的免疫学研究进展. 国际医药卫生导报, 2018, 24(24):3738-3741.
[3] 唐亮. 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者脂质代谢特征与胆汁酸代谢以及胎盘缺氧损伤的相关性研究. 海南医学院学报, 2017, 23(10):1362-1365.
[4] 何一帆, 邵勇, 胥飚, 等. 血清胆汁酸代谢轮廓分析用于妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的早期诊断. 重庆医科大学学报, 2018, 43(11):1458-1463.
[5] 蔡朝霞. 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者总胆汁酸水平对母婴结局的影响. 白求恩医学杂志, 2015, 13(6):658-659.
[收稿日期:2020-06-15]