张新峰
【课本原句】
Listen to music outside. 在外面听音乐。
Don't run in the hallway. 不准在走廊里跑。
【结构透视】
祈使句表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等语气,通常省略主语,以动词原形开头。根据动词特点,祈使句通常分为下列几种形式:
【用法归纳】
1. 祈使句通常省略主语you,语调一般用降调。如:
Go and open the door. 去把门打开。
2. 祈使句有时也带有主语,此时起强调作用,通常主语要重读。如:
You close the window. 你把窗子关上。
Everybody, stand up!大家起立!
Come on, comrades!同志们,加油!
Mingming, open the door. 明明,开门。
You sweep the floor. 你扫地。
注意:这类祈使句的谓语动词不受主语人称的限制,仍用原形,并且有强调式。
3.祈使句的否定结构是在肯定结构前加上don't。如:
Don't be late for class, please.请不要上课迟到。
强调否定式是在谓语动词前加never。如:
Never forget your dream. 千万别忘了你的梦想。
4. 谓语动词是let结构。如:
Let's go fishing this afternoon. 让我们今天下午去钓鱼吧!(主语是we,指说者和听者双方)
Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。(主语是 you)
let祈使句的否定式是在let前加don't或在不定式前加not。如:
Don't let him play in the street.别让他在街上玩耍。
Let's not open the door. 我们别把门打开。
5. 为了加强语气,肯定祈使句前面可用助动词do。如:
Do come often. 千万常来。
6. 无动词祈使句。如:
Once more!再来一遍!
Faster!快一点!
Just a moment, please. 请稍等一会儿。
在否定的祈使句中,还有一种常见于日常生活中的警示语,其结构分别为:“No+动名词 (v+ing) 形式”和“No+可数名词复数形式或不可数名词”。
No parking! 禁止停车!
No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
No photos! 禁止拍照!
【跟踪训练】
I. 选择填空。
1. ___ forget to write to me.
A. Don't B. Please
C. Can't D. Aren't
2. ___ careful.
A. Are B. Can
C. Be D. Aren't
3. ___ come in, please.
A. Will B. Do
C. Won't D. Did
4. ___ photos!
A. Be B. Do be
C. Not D. No
5. ___ let anyone open the door.
A. Don't B. Will
C. Not D. No
6. Please ___ me when you get home.
A. call B. calls
C. calling D. called
7. Jimmy, ___ me a hand, please.
A. gives B. is giving
C. give D. will give
II. 將下列句子改为祈使句。
1. You can't be late again.
2. You are a good student.
3. You sing in class.
4. You mustn't leave now.
5. You can go there by bus.