动词不定式考点梳理

2020-10-26 02:24焦贤廷

考试与评价·八年级版 2020年1期

关键词：及物动词代词谓语

焦贤廷

【考点梳理】

考点1. 动词不定式作宾语

（1）在动词want， hope， would like， decide， wish， choose， try， need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

（2） think， find， feel， make后连接it + adj. + to do sth.構成“形式宾语+真实宾语”的用法。

考点2. 动词不定式作宾补

（1）带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask， like， would like， teach， tell， want， help等。

（2）省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let， make， hear， see， notice， have， watch等。

注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to。

考点3. 动词不定式作主语

（1）动词不定式常用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：To do sth. +谓语动词+adj. / n.。

（2）常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面：It +谓语动词+adj. / n.+ to do sth.。

考点4. 动词不定式作定语

（1）及物动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后：名词或代词+to do。

（2）若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词：名词或代词+to do （介词）。

考点5. 动词不定式与疑问词连用（特殊疑问词+动词不定式）

在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth.”，不定式可以和疑问代词（who， whom， whose， what， which）或疑问副词（when， where， how， why）连用构成不定式短语。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。

巧记常见动词：

学会忘记有难处（learn， forget）

想知道就别来劝告（wonder， know， advise）

展开讨论教人对付（show， discuss， teach）

弄清楚才决定告诉（find out， decide， tell）

When to start is not decided yet. 还没决定什么时候开始。（作主语）

The problem is where to have the party. 问题是去哪儿举办聚会。（作表语）

I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪儿。（作宾语）

考点6. 动词不定式可作状语

（1）在谓语动词或谓语动词短语之后连接动词不定式可作目的状语。

（2）主+系+表语形容词（sorry， sad， happy， glad， afraid， pleased）+ to do sth.不定式作原因状语。

（3）在too... to...， not... enough to...句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。

考点7. 动词不定式作表语

动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来：主语+be +to do sth.。

考点8. 动词不定式的否定形式：在动词不定式的前面加not。

考点9. 若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to。但两者有对比选择关系时，to都不能省略。

【温馨提示】

不定式高频考点句型：

1. It is+adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……

2. Its+adj.（clever， kind， good， right， wrong， foolish， nice...）+of sb. to do sth.

3. Its+adj.（difficult， easy， hard， important， interesting...）+for sb. to do sth.

4. It is time （for sb.） to do sth.=Its time for sb. for sth. 是某人做某事的时候了

5. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事

6. sb. find / think it+adj. +to do sth. 某人发现做某事是……

7. too+adj. / adv.+（for sb.） to do sth. 太……而不能……

8. adj. / adv. enough to do sth. 足够……做……

9. There is no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事

10. would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿……

11. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿……

12. Would you please （not） do sth.？请你（不）做……好吗？

13. Why not do sth.？ / Why dont you do sth.？为什么不做……？

14. Would / Could / Will you please （not） do sth.？请你（不）做……好吗？

15. had better （not） do sth. 最好（不）做某事

巧學妙记：

不定式有标记，to与动原连一起;没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备;

主宾定补表状语，唯独作谓不可以;not加上不定式，否定结构要牢记;

疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义;仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。

【实战演练】

1. He asked me whether I expect ______ in England for long.

A. say B. to stay

C. staying D. stayed

2. I found ______ a great fun ______ English.

A. this; to learn B. this; learning

C. it; learning D. it; to learn

3. He made some toys ______ his little son.

A. please B. to please

C. pleasing D. pleased

4. The old man was often seen ______ exercise in the park last year.

A. doing B. to do C. does D. did

5. It took us three hours ______ the work without any help.

A. to finish B. finishing

C. finished D. to finishing

6. Many animals have no place ______ because our villages and farms are growing bigger.

A. to live B. living

C. living in D. to live in

7. In front of so many strangers the shy girl doesnt know ______.

A. what to say B. how to speak

C. what saying D. how to say

8. I bought a big box ______ books for kids in poor areas.

A. collects B. to collect

C. collect D. collecting

9. His neighbours were surprised ______ them alive.

A. seeing B. to see

C. to seeing D. see

10. He can do what he can ______ the class- room clean and tidy.

A. keep B. to keep

C. keeps D. keeping

11. The boy was too young ______ himself.

A. looking after B. looked after

C. to look after D. look after

12. His mother is about ______ meal as soon as she comes home from work.

A. cooking B. cooked

C. to cook D. to cooking

13. Go and tell the boy ______ the fire. Its too dangerous.

A. dont play B. not play

C. not to play D. not playing

14. We havent decided to go home or ______ to the cinema.

A. go B. to go

C. going D. went

15. Edisons mother taught him ______ at home.

A. to write and to read

B. to write and read

C. writing and reading

D. wrote and read