语境与语境教学

周咪

摘要：在語言学中，语境是一个非常重要的概念。语境是理解和运用语言的一个重要因素，是人们交流和沟通的媒介。语言只有在实际的交际过程中才能实现它的意义和功能，而语言的交际始终在一定的语境环境中。这篇文章主要就语境的产生与发展，以及语境的概念和功能进行了研究。基于此，也对语境教学法做了相关研究。

关键词：语境;语境教学

Abstract： In linguistics， context is a very important concept. Context is an important factor in understanding and using the language， which is the medium of communication. The language can realize its meaning and function only in real communication， and the communication is always in a certain context. This paper mainly studies the emergency and development of context research， and the concept and functions of context. Based on these， the contextual teaching method and its characteristics have also been studied.

Key words： Context， Contextual Teaching Method

1.0 Introduction

The study of context doesnt have a long history. In 1923， British anthropologist malinowski first put forward the concept of “context”， which started a new exploration of context research. Firth further divided context into “context of linguists” and “context of situation”. For the first time， the interrelationship among speakers， language forms， and language environment was elaborated， and the “context theory” in linguistic research was established. In the mid-1980s， dynamic factors have been integrated into the study of context by Sperber and Wilson， and a new stage has been started.

2.0 Features of context

Generally speaking， context is understood as the linguistic factor of context. Context mainly have the following functions. Firstly， the restriction function is the influence and function of context on language and language activities. Secondly， the interpretive function is that the context has the function of analyzing and explaining some phenomena in the use of language.Thirdly， design function， that is， context can be designed according to subjective requirements. Fourthly， Generative function means that context can generate new semantics. In addition， translation function. The meaning of a language is not immutable. When the context changes， the meaning of a sentence will also changes.

3.0 Contextual Teaching Method and Its Characteristics

3.1 Contextual Teaching Method

The purpose of context teaching is to train students' language application ability and to follow and apply context theory to organize teaching. The main contents include using context theory to guide teachers in preparing lessons and oral English teaching. The Contextual teaching method teach students how to use context knowledge in oral English learning. Contextual teaching method mainly includes situational context teaching method， social and cultural context teaching method， cognitive context teaching method and virtual context teaching method.

3.2 The Characteristics of Context Teaching Method

Firstly， the contextual teaching method has the basic characteristics of authenticity. The use of contextual teaching takes place in real classes. Secondly， the contextual teaching method is restrictive. Context includes social， cultural and situational context， among which the social and cultural context restricts various aspects of context teaching from a macro perspective， such as politics， economy， culture， national habits， values， morals and so on. Thirdly， the context teaching method is dynamic. Classroom context is always in the classroom oral communication activities with the unceasing changes of classroom communicative goals and the teaching goals. Finally， the contextual teaching method is generative. Teachers and students make use of contextual factors， especially the organic connection between communicative environment and verbal knowledge to improve the efficiency of teaching and learning.

4.0 Conclusion

The study of context is very important. It is the foundation of language， and it lives and plays a very important role in the use of language. At the same time， context is also the basis of rhetoric.Context has become a hot topic in the field of linguistics. No matter in the field of general linguistics or applied linguistics.

Contextual teaching not only sets the goal to develop students oral ability and to learn the structure of language， but also to cultivate students language communication ability. The context teaching method show the characteristics of authenticity， conditionality， dynamic and generalization of language. Mastering its characteristics can help teachers better understand and apply the context in teaching practice.

References：

[1]王建華， 现代汉语语境研究 [M]. 浙江：浙江大学出版社， 2002.

[2]裴文著现代英语语境学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000.

[3]John Rupert Firth. Papers in Linguistics [M].London： Oxford University Press， 1951.

[4] Brown， H. D. Principles of Language and Teaching [M]. Beijing： Foreign Languag Teaching and Research Press， 2002.