张春梅
句子是組成文章的基本单位。句式灵活多变,语言生动准确,富有层次感、表现力以及感染力,是英语高分作文的重要特征。那么,在高中英语写作中如何升级句式表达呢?对此,笔者提出了几点攻略,以期对同学们写作有所帮助。
攻略一:使用It句型
在英语写作中,巧用it充当形式主语或宾语,往往可以使句式更高级,结构更紧凑,表意更流畅,进而使文章锦上添花。
一般地,当it作形式主语时,有如下两种基本句型结构:一是nis/was+形容词/名词+(of/for sb)+to do/that从句。如:it is everyone’s responsibility to obeytraffic rules,walk 0n the right and keep our social orderin orde如:真的,智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。一般表达:Really,smart phones play animportant role in Our daily life,升级表达:n is true thatsmart phones play an important role in Our daily life,(it作形式主语)二是it is/was+过去分词+that从句。如:有人建议讨论会推迟到下周五举行。一般表达:The dis,cussion meeting is suggested to be put off till next Friday,升级表达:it is suggested that the meeting(should)beput off till next Friday,(it作形式主语)
当it作形式宾语时,则有如下句型:主语+find/think/feel/make/consider/keep/believe/guess/suppos等动词+it+形容词/名词+(for sb,)+to do/doing/that从句。如:他觉得他无法与父母沟通。一般表达:He felt hecouldn’t communicate with his parents,升级表达:Hefelt it hard to communicate with his parents,(it作形式宾语);我习惯每天步行上学而不是乘公交车。一般表达:I alil used to walking to school every day insteadofbvbus,升级表达:Wemakeit aniletowalkto schoolevery day instead oftaking a bus,(it做形式宾语)
攻略二:使用倒装句
倒装句,是一种谓语在前,主语在后的高级句式结构,是升级句式表达、增加写作亮点的重要方法之一。写作中准确使用倒装句,可以使语言生动优美而富有活力,读来让人眼前一亮。常用的倒装句有如下几种:
(1)“特殊词+谓语+名词主语”的完全倒装句。即当主语为名词时,使用down,up,out,in,away,off,around,then,now,there,here等表示方位、地点、时间的特殊词置于句首的完全倒装句。如:男孩们跑了出来。一一般表达:Theboys ranout高级表达:Out rantheboys,
(2)“Only+状语”开头的部分倒装句。如:只有你无私地帮助他人,你需要帮助时,你才能得到他人帮助。一般表达:Youwill get other’s help whenyouneed it only if you help others unselfishly,升级表达:Only if you help others unselfishly,will you get other’shelpwhenyouneedit,
(3)“否定词”开头的部分倒装句。即运用never,seldom,in no case,at no time,scarely/harly…when,notonly...but also,no sooner...than等表示否定或半否定意义的词汇开头的句子。如:①我永远不会忘记你的友好和慷慨。一般表达:1willneverforgetyourkind,ness and generosity,升级表达Never will I forgetyour kindness and generosity,②直到英语考试不及格,我才意识到我要努力学习。一一般表达:I didn’t real,ize that I had to study hard until I failed in the Engfishexan3.升级表达:NotuntilIfailedintheEnglish eX,awldidI realizethatIhadto studyhard,
攻略三:使用复合从句
复合从句分为并列复合句和主从复合句,其中主从复合句,根据从句功能的不同,又包括了名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等复合句。在高中英语书面表达中,同学们若能合理运用复合句,则可以增添句式的多样性,使文章上等级和档次,有助于提升写作质量。
例如:众所周知,唐诗是中国宝贵的传统文化遗产之一,它对世界文化的发展也产生了深远的影响。一般表达:Aswe a11know,TangPoetry is one ofthe Chi-nese precious traditional cultural relices,n also has a far-reaching effect On the cultural development in the world,升级表达:①Aswe all know,Tang Poetry,one oftheChinese precious traditional cultural relices,has a far-reaching effect on the cultural development in the world,(同位语从句)②Aswe a11know,Tang Poetry is one ofthe Chinese precious traditional cultural relices,whichalso has a far-reaching effect On the cultural develop-ment in the world,(,非限制性定语从句)
总之,在平时的英语写作训练中,同学们要注意夯实语言基础知识,熟练掌握句子润色和升级技巧,提升遣词造句的能力,让自己的作文脱颖而出。
(作者单位:江苏省滨海县獐沟中学)