首届全国中学生英语翻译大赛优秀作品展播（二）

全国中学生英语翻译大赛组委会办公室

Beijing opera， more commonly known as Peking opera to westerners， is considered the national opera of China.

Beijing opera has an over 200-year history. The main music was created from the xipi and erhuang， in Anhui and Hubei separately and over time techniques from many other local operas were formed.

In the ancient times， Beijing Opera was performed mostly on open-air stages in markets， streets， teahouses or temple courtyards.

It is said that this special art created from the Chinese opera has different comment. But no matter what its origin is， the facial painting is worth admiring for its artistic value. The paintings are expressions of the roles of the characters. For example， a red face usually describes bravery and loyalty. In addition， the pattern of the facial painting shows the role's information too. In a word， the special makeup in the opera makes the characters on the stage to known voicelessly.

There are four main roles in Beijing Opera： Sheng， Dan， Jing and Chou.

The “Sheng” are the leading male actors and are divided into “Laosheng” who wear beards and represent old men; “Wusheng，” who are acrobats（杂技演员） and “Wawasheng” who play kids. These roles usually wear no facial paintings. The Hongsheng， another type of “Sheng”， whose face is painted red， mainly plays “Guanyu” （Chinese Ares） and “Zhao Kuangyin” （the founder of the Song Dynasty）.

The “Dan” is the female roles. The “Dan” are divided into many kinds， “Laodan”， “Caidan”， “Wudan” and “Huadan”.

The “Jing，” mostly male， are the face-painted roles who represent warriors， heroes， statesmen， adventurers and bad men. The “Jing” are generally divided into “Zhengjing，” “Fujing” and “Wujing.”

The “Chou” refers to clowns on whose nose is a white patch. Usually white patches of different shape and size mean roles of different characters.

Beijing Opera， 其别称Peking opera 更为西方人所熟知，它被视作中国的国粹。

京剧有着两百多年历史，其主要音乐由西皮和二簧所演奏，且在安徽与河北一带兴起了许多戏种，经过岁月的洗涤自成一派。

古时候，京剧大多在户外表演——市场、街道、茶馆或寺院。

据说，这种产生于中国戏曲的特殊的艺术形式的起源有着不同的解释，但无论她的起源是什么，它们的面部绘图都是极富艺术价值的。这种绘图艺术不仅揭示了人物的角色——如红脸通常代表忠诚和勇敢，而且脸部绘画的模式也能展现角色信息。总之，这种特殊的妆扮在戏剧中能将人物无声地展现在舞台上。

京剧中有四种主要角色：“生”“旦”“净”和“丑”。

“生”，一般是指男主角，其又被划分为几类：留着胡须，扮演老人的“老生”;作为杂技演员的“武生”;扮演孩子的“娃娃生”，而这一类“生”通常没有面部妆容。另一类脸上被画成红脸的“红生”，主要扮演关羽（中国战神）、赵匡胤（宋朝的开创者）一类角色。

“旦”是指女性角色，其又被分为：“老旦”“彩旦”“武旦”和“花旦”。

“凈”大部分是男性，一般演绎战士、英雄、政治家、冒险家和坏人，其又分为“正净”“副净”和“武净”。

“丑”指的是鼻子上有斑点的小丑，通常形状、大小不同的白色斑点，意味着不同的角色。