选修8第4单元重点单词

沈倩倩

1. classify [klsIfaI] vt.

分类;归类

The books in the library are classified according to subject. 图书馆的书按学科分类。

划分;界定

classify sb./sth. as sth. 把某人 / 物归入……

Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major. 这些事故中只有十一例被判定为重大事故。

派生词classification

[U] 分类;归类;分级

For the convenience of our classification， any over eighteen years old counts as an adult.为了我们分类的方便，凡年满18岁者均算作成年人。

[C] 类别;等级;门类

Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的價目表适合4个基本类别的顾客。

易混辨析classify， catalogue与systematize

以上各词均含“分类”之义。classify指将事物按照共有的特征进行分类;catalogue指把商品、书籍等编成目录;systematize指将论据、数字、想法等按系统化、条理化进行分类。

【考题链接】 The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to ___ foods as healthy or unhealthy.

答案：classify

2. remark [rImɑk]

[C] 谈论;言论;评述

He made a number of rude remarks about the food. 关于这里的食物他说了许多无礼的评论。

vt. 谈到;评论

A local newspaper remarked that crime was on the decrease. 一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件在减少。

vi. 评论;谈论

The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 评委们说明了参赛作品的高水准。

易混辨析comment， note， remark 与observe

以上各词均指口头或书面说明事实或发表意见。comment指发表意见或说明事实;note指特别提到或指出;remark 指谈判、谈论、评述;observe指说起、谈论、评论。

【考题链接】 Lena quickly jumped in with a diverting ___.

答案：remark

3. condemn [kndem]

vt. 谴责;指责

The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. 这家报纸的主编被指责为不够正直。

vt. 宣判;判处（某人某种刑罚）

He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. 他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。

易混辨析blame， admonish， berate， censure， condemn， rebuke与 reproach

以上各词均有“指责，责怪”之义。blame为普通用词，表示把过错或坏事归咎于某人或某事;admonish通常指对某人所做的错事当面给予批评、警告等;berate指因某人的过错而气愤地训斥、责备某人;censure侧重指公开、不留情面地批评或指责;condemn尤指从道义上对某人或某事予以谴责;rebuke指对某人的过错给予尖锐的斥责，含刻薄或愤怒之意;reproach指失望、不满或愤恨地指责某人，但这种指责有时可能失于公正。

【考题链接】 The government issued a statement ___ the killings.

答案：condemning

4. compromise [kmprmaIz]

[U， C] 妥协;折中;互让;和解

Compromise is an inevitable part of life. 妥协是生活中不可避免的一部分。

After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. 经过长期的商谈双方终于达成了妥协。

vi. 妥协，折中，让步

Neither side is prepared to compromise. 双方都不准备妥协。

易混辨析compromise， concession与give-and-take

以上各词均有“妥协，让步”之意。compromise指有关各方或人员均作出让步以达成的折中协议，也指妥协的行为;concession

指为结束争执、分歧等而对他方作出的退让;give-and-take 指为满足彼此的意愿、要求等而互相作出的让步。

【考题链接】 It is possible that we all have ___ conversational intelligence.

答案：compromised

5. overlook [vlk]

vt. 忽略;未注意到

He seems to have overlooked one important fact.他好像忽略了一个重要的事实。

vt. （对不良现象等）不予理会，视而不见

We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence. 对这样严重的违法行为，我们决不能视若无睹。

vt. 俯视;眺望

Our backyard is overlooked by several houses. 好几栋房子都看得见我家的后院。

【考题链接】 It is easy to ___ the role that your body plays in influencing your mood.

答案：overlook

6. fade [feId]

vi. & vt. （使）褪色;（使）變淡，变暗

The curtains had faded in the sun. 窗帘已经给晒褪色了。

The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒褪了色。

vi. 逐渐消逝;逐渐消失

Her smile faded. 她的笑容逐渐消失。

fade away 逐渐消逝

The laughter faded away. 笑声逐渐消逝。

（运动员、运动队、演员等）走下坡路，衰退，衰落

Black faded on the final bend. 布莱克在最后一个弯道处速度慢了下来。

易混辨析fade， blanch， bleach， discolor与 whiten

以上各词都有“颜色变淡变浅”的含义。fade指（使）某物失去颜色和光泽;blanch指（使）某人因害怕或震惊而变得面色苍白或（使）某物变白;bleach 指通过日照或使用化学品使某物颜色变淡或变白;discolor指（使）某物变色，通常变得比以前难看;whiten指（使）某人的脸色或某物变白或在原来的基础上变得更白。

【考题链接】 Never could it ___ from my mind and I expected another activity like this.

答案：fade

7. adaptation [dpteI（）n]

[C] 改编本;改写本

Do you think the film adaptation was faithful to the book？ 你认为这部改编的电影剧本忠实于原著吗？

[U] 适应

This process is known as adaptation. 这个过程即所谓适应。

派生词adapt [dpt]

vi. & vt. （使）适应

All animals have to adapt to their environment. 所有的动物都必须适应它的环境。

adapt （oneself） to （doing） sth. 使自己适应某事

I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 我逐渐适应了独立生活。

vt. 改编;改写

Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. 下面一页改编自一本英语词典。

【考题链接】 The good thing about children is that they ___ very easily to new environments.

答案：adapt

8. effective [IfektIv]

adj. 产生预期结果的;有效的

The talks between both sides were effective in settling their disputes. 双方会谈在解决彼此间的纠纷上是有效的。

adj. 实际的;事实上的

Her brother is the king， but she is the effective ruler.  她的兄弟是国王，但她才是实际的统治者。

adj. 生效的;起作用的

The new rules will become effective in the next few days. 新规定将在几天后生效。

派生词effect [Ifekt]

[U， C] 效应;影响;结果

have （an） effect on / upon 对……产生

影响;对……起作用

Early people had very little effect on the environment. 早期人类对环境没有多少影响。

in effect 实际上;事实上

The two methods were in effect identical. 那两种方法事实上是一样的。

take effect 生效;起作用

These measures are just beginning to take effect. 这些措施刚开始生效。

【考题链接】 Although these measures are not ___ forever， they are vital for now.

答案：effective

9. hesitate [hezIteIt]

vi. 犹豫;踌躇

He hesitated before he replied. 回答前，他犹豫了一下。

hesitate about / over 对……犹豫不决

Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once. 不要犹豫了，马上就办。

She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses. 她对到底选择这两件衣服中的哪一件犹豫不决。

vi. 顾虑;疑虑

If you need any help， don't hesitate to call us. 如果你有任何顧虑，随时电话联系我们。

派生词hesitation [U] 犹豫;踌躇

I accepted the job without hesitation. 我毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。

【考题链接】 We are at your service. Don't ___ to turn to us if you have any further problems.

答案：hesitate

10. disapprove [dIspru：v]

vt. & vi. 不赞成;不同意;反对;谴责

I am sorry I must disapprove your action. 很抱歉，我必须谴责你的行动。

She wants to train for the theatre but her parents disapprove. 她想训练自己做戏剧演员，但她的父母不赞成。

disapprove （of） 不赞成

Many people disapprove of scientific experiments on animals. 许多人不赞成用动物做科学实验。

派生词 disapproval [U] 不赞成

He shook his head in disapproval. 他摇了摇头，表示反对。

disapprovingly adv. 不以为然地;不赞成地

When Mary lit a cigarette， her father looked at her disapprovingly. 当玛丽点燃一根香烟，她的父亲不赞成地看着她。

【考题链接】 Upon seeing my ___， he quickly backtracked and then insulted blacks.

答案：disapproval