The Development Situation and Countermeasures on Phalaenopsis aphrodite Industry in Guangdong

Junhong ZHONG Fangjun LIAO Xiulian LIN

Abstract The Phalaenopsis aphrodite industry has the characteristics of high technology content, industrialization, modern management, organic combination of industry and strong radiation effect. On the basis of investigation, we expounded the current development situation of the P. aphrodite industry in Guangdong, analyzed the aspects of production elements and demand conditions based on the "diamond theory", and put forward suggestion and countermeasures for the development of the P. aphrodite industry.

Key words Phalaenopsis aphrodite ; Guangdong; Industry; Development situation

Received: January 21, 2020Accepted: March 19, 2020

Supported by Huizhou Engineering Vocational College Project (No.2019kt003).

Junhong ZHONG (1967-), male, P. R. China, senior lecturer, devoted to research about agricultural economy.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: blithe_fang@163.com.

Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rehb. F., belonging to Phalaenopsis of Orchidaceae, has high ornamental value and economic value. It favored by consumers and has the reputation of "Queen of the Orchids"［1］. As a Chinese New Year餾 Eve flower that has been popular for many years, the sales of P. aphrodite during the period before the New Year餾 Eve has always been among the best, and it is the orchid variety with the highest export value and the largest sales volume among all flowers in the world［2］. Most of the native species of P. aphrodite are produced in Asia, especially in Taiwan, China［3］, and more than 70 species have been found. P. aphrodite  is mostly exported from Taiwan, China. In the 20﹖h century, as the demand for P. aphrodite in the United States, Japan , South Korea, Europe and other countries and regions increased, the production capacity of Taiwan, China could not meet its demand［4］. Taking advantage of geographical advantages, many P. aphrodite producers have come to the mainland to invest in the production of P. aphrodite .

Guangdong餾 agro-ecological environment, marine environment and fishery resources, agricultural product structure, and crop growth rhythm are basically the same as those in Taiwan, China. It has natural advantages in developing the P. aphrodite industry, and these advantages have promoted the development of P. aphrodite industry. Guangdong was one of the earliest provinces to introduce P. aphrodite cultivation, and now 11 P. aphrodite industrial bases have been formed, and have become an important exporter of P. aphrodite in China.

P. aphrodite Industry Characteristics

High technical content

The P. aphrodite industry is an industry integrating various high-tech applications such as molecular biology, plant tissue culture , soilless cultivation and greenhouse design［5］. Cytogenetics and molecular biology techniques are applied from breed selection; rapid propagation is performed by plant tissue culture technology in the process of seedling breeding［6］; and semi-finished and commercial seedlings are produced by the soilless cultivation method in combination with the greenhouse environmental control technology［7］.

Modern agriculture

P. aphrodite industry has the characteristics of industrialization in terms of seed propagation, products production and consumption characteristics, and variety renewal. The rapid reproduction of P. aphrodite seedlings can only be achieved through the principles of cytogenetics and molecular biology, as well as technical measures of plant tissue culture. Such fast-propagating plant tissue culture technology has historically been called the "Orchid Industry"［8］. During the period of semi-finished seedlings, many new technologies such as greenhouse design and manufacturing and greenhouse environmental control need to be used to regulate the flowering period, so that its production does not receive seasonal effects and form annual production［9］. After blooming, P. aphrodite  is less likely to produce better flowers again, so it has the characteristics of one-time consumption［10］. There are many native species of P. aphrodite , and the success rate of interspecific hybridization is high, so the variety is updated quickly［11］.

Modernized management

The production of P. aphrodite needs high technical content from the selection and breeding of new varieties, to the breeding of seedlings, domestication, training, and production of finished commercial flowers［12-15］, thereby consuming a large amount of capital investment. It also needs production technology, management system and research and development ability［16］. These characteristics have determined that this industry can be well done only by adopting modern enterprise management methods.

Organic integration of three industries

The flower planting industry, which is characterized by industrialized operation and standardized production, is the primary industry. The seedling industry, which is characterized by modern biotechnology, especially plant tissue culture technology, and standardized processes, is the secondary industry. The third industry, namely the service industry, is characterized by taking flower logistics, market and production material supply, information services and professional training suitable for market economy as the mainstream.

Strong radiation effect

P. aphrodite has high economic benefits due to its many varieties and high planting density. Meanwhile, P. aphrodite belongs to high-end flowers and is an efficient industry in the agricultural industry. It is highly related to other middle- and high-end flowers and the eco-tourism industry. The development of the P. aphrodite industry can promote the development of other industries and has a strong industrial driving effect［4］.

Development Status of Guangdong P. aphrodite Industry

Investigations have shown that the Guangdong P. aphrodite industry is gradually developing towards specialization and scale, and the overall quality level is relatively high. However, there are still some problems besides insufficient variety protection. Due to the long breeding process, large investment, long time-consuming and slow results, many companies avoids the important and dwells on the trivial, and the introduction of parents are still dependent on Taiwan, China or imported from abroad. As a result, commercial varieties with independent intellectual property rights are scarce. Another problem is a lack of professional talents. The cultivation, breeding or marketing talents are all not compatible with the current industry development. At last, the marketing mechanism is not perfect. At present, a large part of the sales market of P. aphrodite in Guangdong is in the north, and the difference in location has affected the quality.

Analysis of P. aphrodite Industry Based on "Diamond Theory"

Production factors

Guangdong餾 unique advantages in resources such as climate, land, labor and location have promoted the development of P. aphrodite  , bringing huge benefits to Guangdong and also promoting the development of other industries. However, with the continuous development of modern science and technology, especially the rapid advancement of modern biotechnology, Guangdong P. aphrodite also needs to strengthen its scientific research force in the industrial development and continue to transform scientific research results into productivity.

Demand status

In terms of the continued growth of P. aphrodite seedling exports in China in recent years, foreign demand for P. aphrodite seedlings is increasing. Due to obvious advantages in transportation and labor, P. aphrodite seedlings produced in Guangdong are increasingly favored by flower growers from all over the world. In China, the domestic market is also growing, especially in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc. At present, consumption has started to keep pace with international trends. To improve the competitiveness of the P. aphrodite industry, we must increase the research and development efforts for P. aphrodite products, continue to take the path of featured brands, and constantly cultivate products that meet market demand.

The supporting industries of related industries

The P. aphrodite industry has a low organization degree, and the industrial chain has not been further extended. First of all, the construction of the P. aphrodite industry is limited to the direct participation of enterprises, and it has not completed an effective and complete industrial investment and construction chain from multiple channels and directions such as the folk, government and collective. It showed blindness and herd mentality in production and management, and was unable to form its own distinctive products. Therefore, the P. aphrodite industry has not played its role as an industrial chain of characteristic flower production.

Market strategy and market competition

The P. aphrodite industry can take the path of characteristic products, which enriches the product structure and meets the needs of different groups of people, and overall improves the market competitiveness of P. aphrodite products.

External environment

The Guangdong government, especially the municipal governments of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, gives certain support to the P. aphrodite  industry and attaches great importance to it, and actively encourages the development of P. aphrodite through measures such as project priority, policy support and investment promotion.

Suggestions and Countermeasures

Increase awareness of breed protection rights and strengthen variety protection rights

The variety rights of P. aphrodite are related to the rights of breeders, and will affect the survival and development of enterprises, and even the healthy development of the entire P. aphrodite industry. In response to the infringement of new varieties of intellectual property rights, the government must first carry out scientific popularization, popularize relevant knowledge, and guide the public to respect the intellectual property rights of new plant varieties. Secondly, the government must strengthen law enforcement efforts, to guide the public to comply with the law when there is law to rely on, to increase the punishment of infringement, and to protect the legitimate interests of intellectual property rights holders of new plant varieties. Finally, it is necessary to improve relevant laws and regulations and increase protection measures such as patents.

Strengthen scientific research and establish a talent security system

The P. aphrodite industry needs new science and technology such as cytogenetics, molecular biology, plant tissue culture and greenhouse environmental control as support. It can be said that most modern agricultural science and technology have applications in the development of P. aphrodite industry, and every link from the introduction of new varieties to the production chain requires scientific research personnel. In addition, the development of P. aphrodite  production enterprises also requires modern scientific management. Therefore, in order to develop the P. aphrodite industry, it is necessary to have a professional and high-level talent team in all aspects from P. aphrodite scientific research to production, operation and management, such as constructing a school-〆nterprise cooperation training platform, establishing a long-term stable scientific research and production cooperation system, and jointly maintaining the healthy development of the P. aphrodite industry. A modern production skills training system should be established for P. aphrodite to provide specialized technical guidance and training for P. aphrodite producers.

Find the right positioning and improve the service system

Enterprises should quickly find a correct position in the industrial chain, and only through the division of labor in the industrial chain can a win-win result occur. The upstream industries of the industrial chain should be planned from breed selection and seedling production to accelerate capital turnover, and the downstream industries of the industrial chain should be improved from both varieties and product quality. P. aphrodite is a fragile commodity, and the transportation and distribution method is an important link to ensure product quality. Therefore, the transport of P. aphrodite should have a professional transportation organization. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention to good sales services, comprehensive after-sales service, detailed information services, reliable rights protection services and personalized services.

Increase industrial financial support

The development of P. aphrodite scientific research and breeding work, the promotion and application system of technology, the establishment and improvement of the talent guarantee system and the market information network system all require a large amount of capital investment. Therefore, it can be said that financial investment is the fundamental guarantee for vigorously developing the P. aphrodite industry.

Junhong ZHONG et al. The Development Situation and Countermeasures on Phalaenopsis aphrodite Industry in Guangdong

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