基于个体与社区的居民超重双层影响因素

陶小芳　朱战强　周素红

摘要：基于广州市26个典型社区的706份调查问卷，结合社区环境调查，采用多层线性回归模型分析居民超重的影响因素、居民超重的社区差异及其成因。结果表明，居民超重率为32.15%。个体因素方面，年龄与超重概率正相关，已婚居民超重概率高于未婚居民，中下收入居民超重概率高于高收入居民，散步健身时间与超重概率负相关。社区环境方面，社区周边公园广场数量与超重概率负相关，保障性住房和历史街区居民的超重概率高于商品房社区居民。此外，社区周边健身场所数量与超重概率正相关，结果与常识不符，原因可能是超重居民存在主动健身行为。居民超重存在社区差异，社区健身环境可以解释社区差异的2.03%，社区健身环境和社区类型可以共同解释44.91%。总之，个体因素和社区环境共同影响超重，应从个体和社区两个层面对居民超重进行调控。

关键词：超重;影响因素;社区环境;广州市

中图分类号：R363.1+6         文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2020）05-0191-06

Abstract： Based on 706 questionnaires collected from 26 typical communities in Guangzhou city，combined with community environmental survey， the residents' overweight prevalence and its influencing factors were investigated， as well as the community difference of overweight and its causes using multilevel linear regression model. The results showed that the overweight rate was 32.15%. In terms of individual factors， age was positively correlated with overweight probability. Married residents had a higher overweight probability than unmarried residents. The overweight probability of high-income residents was lower than that of lower-middle income residents. Walking fitness time was negatively correlated with overweight probability. In terms of the community environment， the number of park and squares around the community was negatively correlated with overweight probability. The residents overweight probability in indemnificatory housing and historic districts was higher than that of residents in commercial housing communities.Besides， the number of physical activity facilities around the community was positively correlated with overweight probability which defied common sense and the reason of this phenomenon was probably that overweight residents took the initiative to physical activities. There were community differences in residents overweight probability. Community physical activity environment could explain 2.03% of the community differences， while community physical activity environment and residential type could jointly explain 44.91% of the community differences. In a word，residents overweight probability was affected by both individual and community factors so its important to regulate excess weight at both levels.

Key words： overweight; influencing factors; community environment; Guangzhou city

據《中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告（2015）》，中国居民超重率从2002年的17.3%增长到2012年的42.0%，超重、肥胖引发的高血脂、糖尿病等多种疾病威胁人类健康[1]。2016年习近平总书记在全国卫生与健康大会上指出要积极推进健康社区、健康村镇的发展;2016年国务院发布的《全民健身计划（2016—2020年）》提出了提高社区设施供给和关注老年人等弱势群体的策略，突出了完善社区环境的重要性。