陈明 刘丽华
【摘要】目的:本文主要针对我院中药治疗乳腺疾病的用药特点和中医辨证分型治疗规律进行分析研究,为医院药师对乳腺疾病中药处方前置审核、基层医疗机构医师运用中医药治疗乳腺疾病提供指导。方法:收集我院乳腺科治疗各种类型乳腺疾病的中药处方,对处方来源与用法、乳腺疾病的类型、患者年龄分布、常用的单味药、常用中药的类型、发病原因、中医辨证分型的情况进行统计分析。结果:口服处方数量大大多于外用处方;患有乳腺增生的患者最多;乳腺疾病患者年龄多在41~60岁,柴胡是最常用的单味药;最常用的中药类型是疏肝理气药;大多数患者的发病原因与气和肝功能异常有关;患者以肝郁气滞分型居多;乳腺疾病按中医分型对症治疗,多以经典药方为基础,随证加减进行配伍。
【关键词】乳腺疾病;中药;处方分析;中医辨证分型
[Abstract] Objective:This article aims to analyze and study the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine for breast disease in our hospital and the rules of TCM syndrome differentiation treatment, to provide guidance for hospital pharmacists on pre-review of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for breast diseases, and for doctors in primary medical institutions to use traditional Chinese medicine to treat breast diseases . Methods:The prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for treating various types of breast diseases in our department of breast were collected. The sources and usage of the prescriptions, the types of breast diseases, the age distribution of patients, the commonly used single drugs, the types of commonly used Chinese medicines, the causes of disease, and the syndrome differentiation of TCM Situation for statistical analysis. Results: The number of oral prescriptions was much more than the topical prescriptions. The patients with breast hyperplasia were the most. The patients with breast diseases were mostly 41 ~ 60 years old. Bupleurum was the most commonly used single-drug; the most commonly used type of Chinese medicine was Shugan Qiqi; The pathogenesis of most patients is related to abnormal qi and liver function. Most patients are classified into liver stagnation and qi stagnation. Breast disease is treated symptomatically according to TCM classification. Most of them are based on classic prescriptions and are compatible with the addition and subtraction of evidence.
[Key words] breast disease; Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); Prescription analysis; Syndrome differentiation in Chinese medicine
1 資料与方法
1.1 资料来源与选择条件
本文收集广东某中医院乳腺科在2018年8月至2018年11月期间,治疗各种类型乳腺疾病的门诊和住院中药处方,共有877张。所选的处方组成清楚,专治乳腺疾病,涵括多种常见的乳腺疾病。
1.2 方法
对照组应用他莫昔芬治疗,饭前服用,10mg/次,1次/d。实验组患者应用中药治疗,柴胡、延胡索、连翘、莪术、金银花、生牡蛎、三棱、川楝子、浙贝母、夏枯草、橘核及荔枝核均15g,香附12g,白芍及赤芍各10g,乳房胀痛剧烈者应用乳香、没药等活血化瘀药,乳房肿块质地硬患者应用昆布、鳖甲等软坚散结药,乳头溢液患者加用山楂、麦芽等,加水煎服,1剂/d,分3次服用。两组患者月经期间停药,1个月为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。
2 结果与分析
在所收集的877张乳腺科的中药处方中,患有乳腺增生病患者最多,各种病变类型合计有312人,其中接近一半患者患有乳腺纤维囊性增生;乳腺疾病术后治疗在第三位,共156人,其中有72.4%是来自于住院处方。将近10%的病人患有两种或以上的乳腺疾病,特别是患有乳腺增生的病人,大多数都拥有两种或以上的病变症状;有5.93%的病人本身除了乳腺疾病外还患有其他疾病。故在拟方时,应先判断病人所患的乳腺疾病的主次,或所患的乳腺疾病和其他病的主次,随证加减进行配伍,特别是高血压、糖尿病的病人,在用药方面要注意避免使用加重主病负担的中药。
3 讨论
现代医学多采用激素类、维生素类药物及手术治疗乳腺增生,但疗效不理想。近年来,中药治疗手段逐渐克服了西药治疗的不良反应,标本兼治,疗效稳定,已成为目前治疗乳腺增生的首选。乳腺增生患者往往伴有系列临床症状,这可能是治疗处方配伍复杂的原因,配伍药味数也相对较多。乳腺增生病为乳腺组织良性疾病,发病率约为育龄人群的40%,是临床常见的乳房疾病。乳腺增生病指乳腺纤维组织及上皮增生,乳腺导管及乳小叶退行性病变,引发乳腺增生病的发病机制较为复杂,主要包括饮食不良、哺育、精神刺激、内分泌失调等。乳腺增生病治疗分为生理性乳腺增生和病理性乳腺增生,生理性乳腺增生不需特殊治疗即可自行消退,因精神及情绪等人为因素导致乳腺增生病,应在药物治疗基础上消除相关人为因素。
参考文献:
[1] 李曰庆.中医外科学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2008:113.