短文改错考点全解与真题精练

廖晓林

据历年高考短文改错题分析，共11个考点，如下图所示：

考点助记顺口溜：

连介冠，代名数;改错考点要记住。

谓非谓转比较级;常用词语要辨析。

现将各个考点的具体考查点和考查方式分述如下：

考点1：连词

近四年来，全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷每年必考，至少考1题，有时考3题;全国Ⅲ卷除2016年未考查外，最近三年每年都考查1～2题。考点考法如下图所示：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.

2.（2009全国大纲卷）I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon， and I was held up on my way back.

3.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）When I studied chemistry in high school， I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.

4.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）Everyone was silent， waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.

5.（2017全国Ⅱ卷）... they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden， that is on the rooftop of their house.

6.（2018全国Ⅰ卷）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

7.（2016全国Ⅰ卷）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

8.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）In fact， he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.

9.（2010全國大纲Ⅰ卷）So if they had said was true， I would have a chance of winning the prize.

10.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）He had a deep voice， which set him apart from others in our small town， he was strong and powerful.

11.（2016全国Ⅰ卷）Though not very big， but the restaurant ...

12.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）I was afraid that to speak ...

考点2：介词

全国卷各卷都是四年考三次，每次考1题。考点考法如下：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2018全国Ⅰ卷）At the end of our trip， I told my father that I planned to return for every two years， and he agreed.

2.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）When I studied chemistry high school， I reconsidered my goal ...

3.（2016全国Ⅰ卷）My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.

4.（ 2016全国Ⅲ卷）Now I am leaving home to college.

5.（2015全国Ⅰ卷）Unfortunately， on the development of industrialization， the environment has been polluted.

6.（2014全国Ⅱ卷）Therefore， we have more time with after-school activities.

7.（2007全国大纲卷）These are the happiest girls Ive ever seen and Im the happiest in all！

8.（2017全国Ⅲ卷）When I look at this picture of myself， I realize of how fast time flies.

9.（2008全国大纲Ⅱ卷）If I have the honor to be chosen to work for the 29th Olympic Games， I will at first improve my English ...

考点3：冠词

最近四年，全国Ⅰ卷每年1道题，Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷各考了三次，每次1道题。考点考法如下：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2017全国Ⅲ卷）When I look at this picture of myself ...Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time ...

2.（2009全国大纲Ⅱ卷）Just before I turned corner of Park Street， I happened to see an accident.

3.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me ...

4.（2017全国Ⅰ卷）I still remember how hard first day was.

5.（2018全国Ⅰ卷）During my last winter holiday， I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

6.（2014全国Ⅰ卷）As∧ result， the plants are growing everywhere.

7.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）In a fact， he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.

8.（2019全國Ⅲ卷）Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.

9.（2014全国Ⅱ卷）There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.

考点4：代词

最近四年，全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷各考查了两次，但Ⅲ卷每年都考，且在2016年考查了两道题。考点考法如下：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2019全国Ⅲ卷）In the café， customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment ...

2.（2018全国Ⅱ卷）I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watch them， my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.

3.（2012全国课标卷）I was happy when the toys worked， but when things went wrong， I got angry and broke it.

4.（2007全国课标卷）Three years ago， Li Mings parents invited I to spend a wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.

5.（2009全国课标卷）Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon， for Ive got some preparations to make.

6.（2007全国大纲Ⅰ卷）I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.

7.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）I had done myself homework， but I was shy.

8.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）He had a deep voice， which set himself apart from others in our small town ...

9.（2008全国课标卷）We are organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. This will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.

10.（2016全国Ⅲ卷）At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to when ever need help.

11.（2015全国Ⅱ卷）Five minutes later， Tony saw parents.

12. From then on， I started to play my football with classmates after school.

考点5：名词

最近四年，全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅲ卷考了三年，每年1道，事实上，全国Ⅰ卷十年来也只有2016年没考;全国Ⅱ卷年年都考了，且2018年考了两道，一道是名词的数，另一道是名词的所有格。

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2017全国Ⅱ卷）... they often get some useful informations from the Internet.

2.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly ...

3.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）Since I was a kid， Ive considered different job I would like to do.

4.（2015全国Ⅱ卷）One day， little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. ... he turned around and found that his parents were missing.

5.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks， and mistake as well.

6.（2007全国课标卷）I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago.

7.（2018全国Ⅱ卷）When I was little， Fridays night was our family game night.

考点6：数词

偶尔考查，十三年来仅考過两次，2017年全国Ⅰ卷和2019年全国Ⅱ卷，主要考查基数词与序数词的用法区别，更确切地说，仅要求考生将基数词改为序数词。注意：考查年份是最近哟，需特别留意。

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）Then， when I was in the five grade， I wanted to be a teacher ...

2.（2017全国Ⅰ卷）In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday， I took driving lessons.

考点7：谓语

除2019年全国Ⅰ卷没有考查谓语动词外，每年每套题均有1～2题，其中，2016年全国Ⅱ卷考查了3道题。考点有以下六个方面12种情况：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2017全国Ⅲ卷）I had grown not only physically， but also mentally in the past few years.

2.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）There were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazed at ... And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.

3.（2017全国Ⅲ卷）About one month after this photo was taken， I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.

4.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）It was Monday morning， and the writing class had just begin.

5.（2017全国Ⅲ卷）About one month after this photo was took， I entered my second year of high school ...

6.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks， and mistakes as well.

7.（2011全国课标卷）Luckily， I had all my money in my pocket， but the only clothes I had was those I had on.

8.（2015全国Ⅰ卷）Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.

9.（2016全国Ⅱ卷）Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.

10.（2016全国Ⅱ卷）We can chose between staying at home ...

11.（2018全国Ⅱ卷）... but no matter how many times I asked to watch them， my parents would not to let me.

12.（2018全国Ⅱ卷）Still I unwilling to play the games ...

考点8：非谓语动词

最近四年，全国Ⅲ卷每年都考，且最近连续两年都考查了两道，全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷都是四年考了两次，其中2019年全国Ⅰ卷也考了两道题。

考查的重点是动词不定式，其次是动名词，考得最少的是过去分词，仅2012年考过1次。错误类型如下：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误并说明理由。

1.（2019全国Ⅲ卷）Now my dream is to opens a café.

2.（2018全国Ⅱ卷）... but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not let me.

3.（2019全国Ⅲ卷）I want my café have a special theme ...

4.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.

5.（2012全国课标卷）Meanwhile， I found out that with more patience， I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.

6.（2019全国Ⅲ卷）If I succeed in manage one， I will open more.

7.（2016全国Ⅱ卷）We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

8.（2013全国Ⅱ卷）Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner ...

9.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly， say that I had a talent for football.

10.（2012全国大纲Ⅱ卷）Third， we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing， especially bath water ...

考点9：词类转换

最近四年，全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅲ卷每年1题，其中全国Ⅰ卷2016年考了两题。全国Ⅱ卷仅仅2019年一年考了，并考了两个小题。主要考查以下三类词的用法，重点是形容词与副词的误用：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误，并说明理由。

1.（2017全国Ⅰ卷）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.

2.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）First， I wanted to be a fireman， whose uniform looked so coolly.

3.（2014全国Ⅰ卷）The fruits are small in size， but juicy and taste.

4.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.

5.（2010全国课标卷）My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US， which was very interested.

6.（2016全国Ⅰ卷）Instead， he hopes that his business will grow steady.

7.（2015全國Ⅱ卷）How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.

8.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）Immediate， I raised my hand.

9.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）To everyones surprising， the ball went into the net.

10.（2013全国Ⅱ卷）When tea got popular in Britain， there was a crying need for good cups with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.

考点10：比较等级

在近四年12套题中，共考查了5次，其中全国Ⅱ卷考查了3次，全国Ⅲ卷考查了两次，全国Ⅰ卷没有考查。考点考法如下：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误，并说明理由。

1.（2018全国Ⅲ卷）I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.

2.（2012全国课标卷）I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.

3.（2016全国Ⅲ卷）They were also the best and worse years in my life.

4. 2007全国大纲Ⅱ卷）These are the happier girls Ive ever seen and Im the happiest of all！

5.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.

考点11：常用词辨析

近四年来，全国Ⅰ卷考查了三次共4题，Ⅱ卷考查了两次共3题，Ⅲ卷考查了一次1题。自2007年以来，主要考查了以下17组：

真题精练 改正下列句中错误，并说明理由。

1.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.

2.（2019全国Ⅰ卷）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly， saying that I had a talent for football. From now on， I startedto play football with classmates after school.

3.（2015全国Ⅰ卷）Much rare animals are dying out. （Many）

4.（2016全国Ⅱ卷）Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I think that it is a good idea. It does not cost many， yet we can still learn a lot.

5.（2014全国Ⅰ卷）Nearly five years before， and with the help of our father， my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.

6.（2016全国Ⅲ卷）At first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such.

7.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）However， he was the gentlest man I have never known.

8.（2018全国Ⅰ卷）During my last winter holiday， I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I found a big change there. ... Last winter when I went here again， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.

9.（2014全国Ⅰ卷） ... we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result， the plants are growing somewhere.

10.（2017全国Ⅰ卷）A few minutes late， the instructor asked me to stop the car.

11.（2017全国Ⅱ卷）They have also bought some gardening tools. Beside， they often get some useful information ...

12.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.

13.（2019全國Ⅱ卷）They were two reasons for the decision. One was that ... And the other was that ...

14.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.

15.（2018全国Ⅰ卷）The first time I went there， they were living in a small house with dogs， ducks， and another animals.

16.（2017全国Ⅱ卷）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.

17.（2017全国Ⅰ卷） I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.

18.（2013全国Ⅰ卷）I remember my grandfather very much.

参考答案

考点1：连词

1. but→and 2. and→but 3. or→and 4. and→or 5. that→which 6. which→where或在which前加in 7. that→where 8. during→when 9. 在they前加what 10. 在he was strong前加上and 11. 删除but 12. 删除that

考点2：介词

1. 删除every前的for 2. 在high school前加in或at 3. 在dreams后加of或about 4. to→for 5. on→with 6. with→for 7. in→of 8. 删除realize后的of 9. 故删除at

考点3：冠词

1. 在picture前加the或this 2. 在cornor前加the 3. 在football前加a 4. 在first前加the 5. 在countryside前加the 6. 在result前的a 7. 删除fact前的a 8. an→a 9. 删除flowers前的the

考点4：代词

1. yourselves→themselves 2. us→me 3. it→them 4. I→me 5. mine→my 6. in me→in mine 7. myself→my 8. himself→him 9. This→It 10. 在need前加I 11. 在parents前加his 12. 删除my

考点5：名词

1. informations→information 2. player→players 3. job→jobs 4. parent→parents 5. mistake→mistakes 6. friend→friends 7. Fridays→Friday

考点6：数词

1. five→fifth 2. eighteen→f eighteenth

考点7：谓语

1. had→have 2. is→was 3. become→became 4. begin→begun 5. took→taken 6. include→includes 7. was→were 8. 删除been 9. can→should /删除can 10. chose→choose 11. 删除let前的to 12. 在unwilling前加was

考點8：非谓语动词

1. opens→open 2. watching→watch 3. 在have前加to 4. 在take前加to 5. 删除last（持续）前的to 6. manage→managing 7. take→taking 8. Have→Having 9. say→saying 10. using→used

考点9：词类转换

1. suddenly→sudden 2. coolly→cool 3. taste→tasty 4. interesting→interested 5. Interested→interesting 6. steady→steadily 7. terrible→terribly 8. Immediate→Immediately 9. Surprising→surprise 10. grow→growth

考点10：比较等级

1. larger→large 2. little→less 3. worse→worst 4. happier→happiest 5. 删除more

考点11：常用词辨析

1. hardly→hard 2. now→then 3. Much→many 4. many→much 5. before→ago 6. such→so 7. never→ever 8. here→there 9. somewhere→everywhere 10. late→later 11. Beside→Besides 12. holding→hold 13. They→There 14. too→very 15. another→other 16. all→both 17. 删除much 18. much→well

责任编辑 蒋小青