苏 轼(词)
佚 名(译)
Spring still in its prime,
Waving in the breeze are the willows trim.
To take a look at the Detached Platform I climb:
The town's full of spring and the trench is about to brim,
Though countless households the mist and the rain bedim.
春未老,
风细柳斜斜。
试上超然台上看,
半壕春水一城花。
烟雨暗千家。
After Cold-Food Day,
I sigh and lament when sober from wine.
About old home to old friends you just nothing say,
To start a new fire and make new tea this fine:
It is to youth that verse and wine incline.
寒食后,
酒醒却咨嗟。
休对故人思故国,
且将新火试新茶。
诗酒趁年华。
公元1074年秋,苏轼由杭州移守密州(今山东诸城)。次年八月,他命人修葺城北旧台,并由其弟苏辙题名“超然”,取《老子》“虽有荣观,燕处超然”之义。公元1076年暮春,苏轼登超然台,眺望春色烟雨,触动乡思,写下了此作。这首豪迈与婉约相兼的词,通过春日景象和作者感情、神态的复杂变化,表达了词人豁达超脱的襟怀和“用之则行,舍之则藏”的人生态度。
这首词从“春未老”说起,既是针对时令,谓春风、春柳、春水、春花尚未老去,仍然充满春意,生机勃勃,同时也是针对自己老大无成而发的,所谓春未老而人空老,可见内心是不自在的。从这个意义上看,苏东坡实际上并不真能超然,这种似是非是的境界,正是苏东坡精神世界的真实体现。
这首词上片写景,下片抒情,是典型的借景抒情。上片之景,有“以乐景衬哀情”的成分,寄寓作者对有家难回、有志难酬的无奈与怅惘。更重要的是,整首词表达思乡的感情,作者以茶聊以慰藉使得这种感情尤其突出。