英文摘要

LargeRussianLiteraryJournalsandtheProcessofContemporaryLiterature：ACaseofOctober/ZHUTao

Abstract： The large journal is a unique aesthetic phenomenon in Russia. It combines literature, art, criticism, and political theory, and has played a vital role in the development of Russian literature, profoundly influencing the literary process. Unfortunately, being part of the literary process and a literary self-recognition function, contemporary literary criticism has not been scientifically described and studied. This article takes the literary criticism inOctoberas an example to to reveal the relationship between large journals and the current literary process.

Keywords： Russia; the large journal;October; literary process

HigherRealism：IconAestheticsinDostoevsky’sArtCriticism/LUOYan

Abstract： Dostoevsky’s aesthetic view is somwhere between that of an and pure art theories, recognizing the absolute value of art and believing in the “conceptuality” and “proneness” of arts, which has moral and social values beyond aesthetics. By defining his works as “high-level realism” or “more profound, real realism”, Dostoevsky is unsatisfied with reproducing the life that occurs in the real world naturally and accurately, but emphasizes the reality of the human spiritual world, thinking that material reality should be “transcended” toward spiritual reality. With a preference for Christian thoughts and aestheticsthroughout his life, he takes the creating and viewing of icon paintings as the criteria for painting comments, and holds that iconic paintings do not represent the reality of this world or the beauty of the human body, but the “other world” that is invisible to the naked eye, and therefore conveys the spiritual connotation and doctrine of Christianity. Dostoevsky thinks the artists should have the ability to “see” and the insight into the invisible spiritual world, namely, being able to see the “bigger, wider, deeper things”. In all, his view of reality is fundamentally religious and his concept of “the highest reality” is the aesthetic expression of the theological discourse named “the transfigured world”.

Keywords： Dostoevsky; realism；art；icon；aesthetics

AStudyofTheLampofUmmHashem:TheMonomythView/LIXianan

Abstract： In his short storyTheLampofUmmHashem, Yahaya Haqqi criticizes the deep-rooted traditional thought, religion shackles and feudal ethics in the Egyptian society, and exposes the ignorance, numbness and superstition of the nation, by describing the difficult challenges faced by a young Egyptian during and after his studies in Europe. By successfully revealing the collision between the Eastern and Western civilizations, the author means that the solution lies not in replacing one civilization with the other rudely, but in carefully integrating and balancing. Through a close reading of the novel and based on the prototype of the Monomyth, this study tracks the heroic adventures, clearly presents the strong collision between Egyptian corrupt customs from generation to generation and modern Western civilization and thus reveals the helpless compromise of aspiring Arab youths in irreconcilable contradiction.

Keywords： Yahaya Haqqi;TheLampofUmmHashem; the Monomyth; heroic adventures

OntheOriginandtheEvolutionofPurePoetry/LIGuohui

Abstract： Pure poetry, an important theory in modern literature, has long been ignored by the Chinese academia. By adopting the historical archaeological method and the synthesis of poetics and musicology, the origin of pure poetry can be traced back to the middle of the 18thcentury, developed with aestheticism and the theory of pure music as the preparation and finally got matured in French symbolism poetics. Symbolism poets highlighted the value of beauty and made it distinguish from the value of truth in terms of literary function, advocated poetic emotion that was different from the one in ordinary life, and ontologically emphasized the music structure of poetry, which they believed to be in harmony with word structure and for which they did not abandon the expressional function once for all. In the late 19thcentury, the theory of pure poetry started to spread to many countries in Europe and Asia, and became an international literary trend during the 1920s.

Keywords： pure poetry; symbolism; poetic emotion; music structure

IdentityCrisisinSomalianWriterNuruddinFarah’sMaps/YANGJianmeiCHANGXuemei

Abstract： As a famous contemporary Somalian writer, Nuruddin Farah though being in exile for many years, always focuses on and writes about the problem of Somali identity. With the Ogaden War in the 1970s as the setting ofMaps, he has presented an orphan Askar’s identity anxiety and the complex relations of his appeals to identity with the national history, the state and politics in Somalia. Through analyzing the causes of Farah’s identity writing and Askar’s identity anxiety and his pursuit to the national identity of Somalia, this study is to explore the theme of identity crisis of the novel. The causes of Farah’s identity writing are closely related to the wars in Somalia and his long-term exile abroad. His own pursuit of and eagerness for his personal identity and Somali national identity has been reflected through Askar’s identity crisis and in this way he has expressed his worries to the situation of Somalia. While writing about the chaos in Somalia and his confusions, in his heart there is still hope of the unification and future of his state.

Keywords： Farah;Maps; identity anxiety; identity pursuit; identity crisis

SeekingPoeticandArtisticBeautyin“Ugliness”:AnIntertextualInterpretationofBaudelaire’sandLautrec’sWorks/WANGFang

Abstract： The intertextuality theory attaches great importance to the relationship between literature and non-literature, and its research scope can be extended to that of the relationship between literature and other categories of art. This paper attempts to interpret the intertextuality between the works of Charles Baudelaire, the French symbolist poet, and Toulouse-Lautrec, the post-impressionist painter. Although the two masters lived in different years of the 19thcentury, they had similar life experiences. They are both wanderers and observers of Paris, take Paris as the background of their creation, and they have a similar aesthetic taste, using ugliness as a source of inspiration and people on the edge of the city as images of their works. This cross-temporal and cross-field response provides an ideal model for the intertextual interpretation of literary and non-literary forms.

Keywords： Charles Baudelaire; Toulouse-Lautrec; intertextuality;Paris; ugliness

Tuzet’sViewontheArchetypalFunctionandItsEffectsofAdonisMyth/ZHANGHong

Abstract： In his research of Adonis myth, Tuzet potentially reveals its archetypal function. By summarizing Adonis myth’s archetypal characters and applying the concepts of archetype’s connotation and its extension, we can explain Tuzet’s method. Also, an analysis of the relationship between concerned authors and their times and a classification of Adonis’s works of the theme, we can get insights into the evolution of his myth, the development of the literary creation of such a topic and into his views of poetics, namely, the effects of the archetypal function.

Keywords： Tuzet; Adonis myth; archetype; poetics

TheMotifsofthePoeticMetaphorsinGibran’sSandandFoam/CHEMingming

Abstract： Poetic metaphors are characteristic of originality, aesthetic features and inconventionality, which are conducive to the expression of poetic emotions and offers an immense space for readers’ interpretation Taking on such striking features as being implicative, philosophical and witty, the prose poetry of Gibran’sSandandFoamnot only creates poetic inspiration and enjoyment, but also endows the depressed and perplexed with certain spiritual comfort and encouragement. A cognitive analysis of the poetic themes and implications ofSandandFoamfrom three dimensions, namely, “freedom”, “loneliness” and “life and death”, could be beneficial to the interpretation, evaluation and appreciation of the motifs of the poetic metaphors profoundly.

Keywords：SandandFoam; poetic metaphor; poeticity; motif

LiteraryWritingfromaCosmopolitanPerspective:ACaseofTheEnglishPatient/WANGYuCHENYan

Abstract： The philosophy of “cosmopolitanism” has a long history and been constantly interpreted in different ways during different times. Nowadays, with the increasing globalization, the philosophy of cosmopolitanism, advocating “transcending the shackles of nationalism and building a community with a shared future for mankind”, becomes more popular in economy, politics, literature and other fields. Michael Ondaatje, the famous Canadian writer “without borders”, integrates cosmopolitanism into his works, according to his own diversified cultural background. This study takes his representative workTheEnglishPatientas the research object and combines it with the cosmopolitan conceptions of Kwame Anthony Appiah to analyze the anti-war and anti-colonial details in the text, to dig out Ondaatje’s cosmopolitan tendencies and to further explore the deficiencies of his cosmopolitan ideas.

Keywords： cosmopolitanism; Michael Ondaatje;TheEnglishPatient

AnAnalysisoftheTwo-DimensionalMaterialNarrativeinCosmopolis/TANGJiannan

Abstract： A material ecocritical analysis ofCosmopoliswritten by Don Delillo can reveal a two-dimensional material narrative in the novel. In the transnational capitalist world backed up by advanced technology, the high-level signifying force of matter results in the collapse of the society and the identity crisis of the individual. The discursive construction of the material world as portrayed in the language play of the postmodern writing can explain the loss of the material. However, an analysis of the covert textural progression will reveal the hidden presence of the material in the undercurrent of the material narrative. In the two parts of the novel, the protagonist Eric first fulfills the awakening of the material self and then its eventual return to the material world. This material narrative undercurrent mocks the arrogance of humanity who intends to transcend matter and control the world, and illustrates the intertwining of the material and the discursivity of the matter.

Keywords：Cosmopolis; material narrative; material ecocriticism; discursivity; material

“IAmNotAnywhereatHome”:SpatialRepresentationsandSocialCauseofSpiritualAlienationinProvidence/LINWukaiHUANGMeiqi

Abstract： In Anita Brookner’s novelProvidence, two situation ironies are of great thematic significance, namely, the disparity of love between Kitty and her grandparents, and her abnormally distinct attitudes towards her career success and her failure in love. From the perspective of spatial criticism, this study examines what underlies the two ironies is Kitty’s spiritual alienation, arguing that as a half-blooded descendant of French immigrants to Britain, Kitty is neither willing to be part of the familial space, nor able to be integrated into the social space, and thus suffers from spiritual alienation on both. By exploring Kitty’s spiritual alienation in its historical context, this study draws a further conclusion that the social-historical cause that underlies such alienation is the exclusionist mentality deeply rooted in the post-war British society.

Keywords： Anita Brookner;Providence; spiritual alienation; space; exclusionist mentality

JoyceCarolOates’sViewsonCommunity:FromTranscending“Ego-centrism”toEthicalCommunity/XIAOXu

Abstract： American writer Joyce Carol Oates cares about the impact of literature upon its audiences and its relationship with the world. She advocates the transcendence of “ego-centrism” through communal awareness to break through the cultural limitations of contemporary Western society. With such a philosophy of literary creation, she reinforces the connection between art and society, artists and the community they belong to, and proposes the construction of community between writers and their predecessors on the basis of inheriting tradition. Against the background of American reality, she probes into almost all strata of contemporary American society, and intends to affect audiences through her literary works, to enhance their moral awareness and to change the world. By building the ethical community between writers and readers, she aims to participate in the construction of contemporary culture, thus her views on community is of great implementation.

Keywords： Joyce Carol Oates; communal awareness; views on community; ego-centrism

ImperialMasculinitiesinVictorianAdventureRomances:TakeSolomon’sMines/WANGRong

Abstract： Under the pressure of the political, economic and gender change, the ideal masculine standards changed in the late Victorian era and masculinities were viewed as essential for the survival of the Empire. The shifting masculine ideals are best reflected in Victorian adventure romances, especially Rider Haggard’s KingSolomon’sMines. In the imperial frontier, the Egalitarian Eden and a place for games and adventure, English gentlemen revitalized the vitality suppressed by civilization and the return to primitive masculine ideals in homosocial environment. The barbaric manliness responds to the imperial desire, but it also transcends the racial and cultural boundaries, revealing the contradictory nature of imperial masculinities.

Keywords： Victorian adventure romances; masculinities; KingSolomon’sMines; the Empire

AnEthicalInterpretationofBernardMalamud’sNovels/LILili

Abstract： Bernard Malamud is a great Jewish American novelist in the 20thcentury. All of his works reflect the ethical situations that humankind have experienced. By adopting the ethical criticism in literature, this study explores Malamud’sTheNatural,TheFixer,TheTenantsandGod’sGracein terms of Jewish ethics, interpersonal, ethnic and ecological ethics, and finds that his novels are full of complex ethical ideas. The novels not only illustrate the ethical situations that people encounter, but also show people the way of getting rid of ethical dilemma.

Keywords： Bernard Malamud; ethical salvation; ethical return; ethical construction; ethical ideal

Landnahme:WhereIsMyHometown? /PANYan

Abstract： The history of large-scale deportation and flight of German residents from Central and Eastern Europe after World War II was a taboo topic in Germany for a long time. The novelLandnahme, written by the German writer Christoph Hein and published in 2004, uses hometown as the core concept of the whole book and takes the loss of hometown and building the new homeland as the theme. Through describing the contradiction and struggle between the local people and the outsiders, as well as the growth and integration of the protagonist as an immigrant, it reproduces the changeable history of Germany for half a century.

Keywords：Landnahme; deportation; immigrant; hometown; Germany