英文摘要和关键词

HeatSourceandColdSource

LectotypeSoftwareforHeatPump
UnitwithWasteHeatRecoveryfromFlue
GasofGas-firedBoiler
BAI Dongjun，KE Guohua，
ZHANG Tao，FENG Wenliang，
ZHEN Haoran，ZHANG Xia

Abstract： The lectotype software for heat pump unit (used to recover the flue gas waste heat of gas-fired boiler) with the economic index as the main optimization target is designed. The research object，optimization target，selection process and practical application of the software are analyzed.

Keywords: gas-fired boiler; flue gas waste heat recovery; heat pump unit; lectotype

BuildingHeating，AirConditioning，
VentilationandThermalEnvironment

ResearchonResidents'Window-opening
BehaviorinSevereColdArea
SU Xiaowen，WANG Zhaojun

Abstract： For the cooling period，the window-opening behaviors of representative households in passive house buildings (passive house households 1 to 4) and representative households (normal building households 1 to 4) in ordinary buildings (three-step energy-saving buildings) in the severe cold area (Harbin residential areas) are investigated，a model of household window-opening probability is established，and the main influencing factors of window-opening probability are analyzed. Except for ordinary building household 1，the frequency of opening windows of other ordinary building households is higher than that of passive house building households. The frequency of opening windows of passive house building households 2 and 4 has the same trend. Both households are on the top floor，and the indoor temperature is slightly higher due to the influence of solar radiation. However，the households in passive house buildings have few temperature control methods. When the room temperature rises，they can only open windows to enhance air circulation and maintain their own thermal comfort. The households in passive house buildings 1 and 3 are all on the middle floor，which is less affected by solar radiation and the frequency of window opening is not high. During the hottest week of the cooling period (July 18 to 24，2017)，the outdoor temperature varied from 19 to 33 ℃，and the indoor temperature of passive house building household 2 varied from 25 to 27 ℃. The household opened the window 4 times in a week，and the first two times lasted a long time. Opening windows is indeed easy to cause the indoor temperature of passive house buildings to rise，but the walls of passive house buildings have high thermal inertia and strong airtightness. Opening windows for a short period of time causes little change in indoor temperature. For passive house buildings，the indoor temperature has the greatest impact on window opening，followed by outdoor temperature. As the indoor and outdoor temperatures increase，the probability of window opening increases. In the indoor temperature range of 24 to 30 ℃，there is a probability of window opening. For ordinary buildings，the outdoor temperature has the greatest impact on window opening，followed by indoor temperature. In the outdoor temperature range of 15 to 35.5 ℃，there is a probability of window opening.

Keywords: passive house; thermal comfort; window-opening behavior; window-opening probability

ResearchonPredictionofHeating
IndoorTemperatureBased
onEnsembleLearningAlgorithm
WANG Xunyue，FENG Wenliang

Abstract： An ensemble learning algorithm based on multiple linear regression model and MLP neural network model is used to study the prediction of heating indoor temperature. Taking a residential area in Beijing as the research object，30-day heating data and outdoor temperature data are selected，a total of 30 eigenvalues，including the outdoor temperature，water supply temperature of primary heating network，return water temperature of primary heating network，water supply temperature of secondary heating network and return water temperature of secondary heating network at the 6 times before the prediction，are taken as input parameters of the model，and the indoor temperature at the next time is taken as the output parameter of the model. The study results show that the mean relative error and mean square error of the ensemble learning model are both smaller than that of multiple linear regression model and MLP neural network model of single model，and the prediction effect is better，with a mean relative error of 0.8022% and a mean square error of 0.057665 ℃2.

Keywords: ensemble learning algorithm; indoor temperature prediction; multiple linear regression model; MLP neural network model

GasCombustion，Gas
AppliancesandGasConsumption
Equipment

ResearchonTemperatureField
CharacteristicsofPorousMedia
PremixedCombustion
YE Jing

Abstract： The characteristics of the combustion temperature field of porous media are of great significance in related studies such as revealing the heat transfer mechanism of porous media，characterizing flame surface characteristics and predicting combustion products. Based on the characteristics of porous media materials and the temperature measurement methods of porous media burners，the experimental system of premixed combustion of porous media with free accumulated pellets is built. Two temperature measurement methods and measurement results of thermocouple temperature measurement and thermal infrared imager temperature measurement are analyzed. The experimental results show that the thermocouple array is suitable for measuring the gas-solid comprehensive temperature inside the combustion chamber of porous media，while the thermal infrared imager is suitable for monitoring the comprehensive temperature of the accumulated pellets outside the combustion chamber when they pass through the high-temperature quartz glass. The comprehensive use of these two measurement methods can systematically and accurately characterize the combustion characteristic temperature field of porous media，which provides a powerful theoretical guidance for optimizing the combustion of porous media.

Keywords: premixed combustion of porous media; temperature field characteristics; thermocouple; thermal infrared imager

GasTransmission，Distribution，
StorageandTransportation

HydraulicCalculationofGas
PipelineNetworkBasedonObject-
orientedMethod
ZHAO Danming，ZHOU Weiguo，HUANG Wei

Abstract： The urban gas pipeline network is expanding and reconstructing，and its typical characteristics are multi-source，multi-ring，multi-level and changeable. At present，the traditional algorithm has a lot of workload. Once the pipeline network structure or operating conditions change，it needs to be renumbered to form a new matrix equation. Based on the "object-oriented" idea，by using Visual Basic software，the hydraulic calculation program of gas pipe network is compiled，and the software operation and data results are compared with the traditional algorithms (node method，ring difference method) in combination with examples. In terms of software operation，when the pipeline network structure changes，the object-oriented method can directly calculate by adding or deleting the corresponding components or modifying the attributes of individual components. The node method and ring difference method need to be renumbered，and the component attributes should be re-inputted to form a new coefficient matrix to solve the equations. The ring difference method needs to redistribute the initial value of flow according to the continuity equation，and the traditional algorithm should repeat the above steps every time the pipe network structure changes，so the object-oriented method is more simple and fast. In terms of data results，the loop closure errors of the three algorithms under three working conditions (original condition，adding component condition and deleting component condition) all meet the requirements，and the object-oriented method is the smallest. In the calculation results of node pressure，the deviation between object-oriented method and node method is smaller，while the deviation between object-oriented method and ring difference method is smaller in pipeline flow rate results. According to the calculation principle，in the iteration process，the node method updates the node pressure，so the obtained pressure is more accurate. The ring difference method is to calculate correct and update the flow rate，and its flow rate is more accurate. Therefore，the calculation results of the node pressure and pipeline flow rate of the object-oriented method are closer to the more accurate values.

Keywords: object-oriented; gas pipeline network; hydraulic calculation; circular network; node method; ring difference method

ResearchonInvestmentStrategy
ofGasStorageBasedonGreyFuzzy
ComprehensiveEvaluation
JIANG Wenxun，SHEN Yiming，
WANG Yu，YANG Chaoyue

Abstract： The risk factors of gas enterprises participating in the construction of underground gas storage are analyzed，and the grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established. Three investment schemes are formulated，and the three investment schemes are evaluated by the established model to obtain the optimal investment scheme. The market-oriented or basic market-oriented scheme of natural gas purchase and sale prices is the best one among the three schemes. Therefore，the market-oriented natural gas purchase and sale prices have a great impact on enterprises' investment in underground gas storage. It is suggested that the government should liberalize or partially liberalize the terminal selling price of natural gas，and use the return rate of market investment to attract enterprises to participate actively. The government can explore the mode of exchanging financial subsidies for corresponding natural gas storage capacity，which can not only encourage enterprises to participate in investment and construction，but also broaden the use of financial subsidies in multiple aspects.

Keywords: underground gas storage; grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; investment strategy

CurrentSituationandTechnical
ProgressofCorrosionControl
ofBuriedGasPipelineinBeijing
ZHANG Yuxing

Abstract： The current situation of buried gas steel pipeline in Beijing is investigated and analyzed，the various corrosion problems existing in the pipeline are summarized，the research situation of corrosion control in the past 20 years is reviewed，and the key technical schemes are overviewed. Further work suggestions for the cathodic protection system，anticorrosive coating，stray current interference，repair and maintenance and other aspects of the pipeline are proposed.

Keywords: corrosion control; cathodic protection system; anticorrosive coating; stray current interference; repair and maintenance

PolyethylenePipesforUrbanGas
PipelineTrenchlessRepairand
RenewalProject
LEI Sumin，BAI Liping，
FANG Yuanyuan，YUAN Lixiang

Abstract： The application status and relevant standards of trenchless repair and renewal technologies are introduced. The maximum working pressure，specification selection and pipe connection of polyethylene pipes used in three kinds of urban gas pipeline trenchless repair and renewal technologies (folding pipe lining method，insertion method and static pressure cracking pipe method) are analyzed. The requirements of the standards for selection and construction of polyethylene pipes used in trenchless repair and renewal technologies are discussed. The determination principle of the maximum working pressure of polyethylene pipes used in each technology and the suggestions on pipe connection method are put forward. The application scope and pipe wall thickness of folding pipe lining method are defined.

Keywords: urban gas pipeline; polyethylene pipe; trenchless repair and renewal technology; folding pipe lining method; insertion method; static pressure cracking pipe method

EarlyWarningManagementofRural
GasEngineeringConstructionQuality
BasedonSetPairAnalysis
ZHOU Xinghui

Abstract： The theory of set pair analysis is introduced. Based on the theory of set pair analysis，an early warning management model for gas pipeline construction quality is established，namely，the engineering construction quality early warning is divided into four early warning levels of red，orange，blue and green by the size relation of a and c in the ternary connection number，and corresponding countermeasures are given respectively. In the early warning management model，6 first-level evaluation indexes and 20 second-level evaluation indexes are selected，and the evaluation standards are developed. The expert scoring method was used to determine the weight of each evaluation index after normalization. The method of random check or general survey is adopted to investigate and calculate the ternary connection number of each secondary evaluation index，and the total ternary connection is calculated in combination with the weight of each index，so as to judge the early-warning level of the construction quality. For the gas project cases in two villages，the total ternary connection number is calculated based on the calculation method of the total ternary connection number. It is judged that the construction quality of the two villages is in the level IV green and level III blue early-warning areas，and through the analysis of the ternary connection number of each evaluation index，the direction of subsequent management improvement is pointed out.

Keywords: rural gas engineering; coal-to-gas; construction quality; set pair analysis; early warning management

LSTMModelforPredictionofInfluence
ofRailTransitStrayCurrent
onGasPipeline
ZHANG Qian，ZHAN Shuhui，XU Peng

Abstract： According to the characteristics of long short-term memory (LSTM) network that has better data coherence and relevance，and high accuracy when dealing with temporal problems，a LSTM model for predicting the influence of rail transit stray current on gas pipeline is established. The model is simple and easy to operate. The energization potential of buried steel gas pipeline interfered by stray current is continuously monitored at the same location. The short-term prediction of the effect of stray current on buried steel gas pipeline is carried out by using LSTM model，the results are compared with the measured results，and the accuracy is high. The LSTM model is used to predict the conditions of gas pipeline affected by rail transit stray current，which can provide support and reference for the development of more intelligent drainage device with feedback functions.

Keywords: rail transit stray current; buried steel gas pipeline; impact prediction; LSTM model

StressAnalysisofPipeline
CrossingHighwayandSecondary
DevelopmentofANSYS
GUO Jian

Abstract： In order to study the stress distribution state of the pipeline crossing the highway，ANSYS 14.5 software was used to establish the three-dimensional and two-dimensional finite element model of the pipeline crossing the highway for simulation analysis. Due to the difficulty in modeling and low efficiency of ANSYS 14.5 software in actual engineering field applications，the secondary development of ANSYS 14.5 software was carried out by combining C# visual programming technology and APDL structured language and a stress analysis system for the pipeline crossing highway was developed，which is convenient for field engineering technicians. According to the characteristics of the model，three-dimensional finite element model is used for stress-strain calculation，and two-dimensional finite element model is used for ultimate load calculation，which can improve the efficiency of stress-strain analysis of the pipeline crossing highway and provide basis for safety assessment of the pipeline crossing highway. In the case simulation analysis，the steel pipeline vertically crosses the asphalt concrete pavement highway，the road width is 20 m，the pipeline specification is D159 × 6，the pipe material is Q235B，covered with 3PE anti-corrosion layer. The internal pressure of the pipeline is 1.5 MPa，the soil gravity load depends on the buried depth of the pipe bottom ( 0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0，2.5，3.0 and 3.5 m)，and the standard vehicle load is 0.7 MPa. The simulation results show that the stress at the top of the pipe center of the 2D model is greater than that of the 3D model at the same buried depth，but the change law of the two models is basically the same: when the buried depth is greater than 2 m，it is greatly affected by the vehicle load; when the buried depth is less than 2 m，it is greatly affected by the overburden pressure，so the stress at the top of the pipe center decreases first and then increases. The 3D model can analyze the longitudinal and circumferential mechanical properties of the pipeline，and is suitable for analyzing the stress-strain state of the pipeline crossing highway under a specific load; the 2D model only considers the circumferential stress-strain of the pipeline，but the calculation time of the 2D model is much shorter than that of the 3D model，so the ultimate load that the pipeline crossing highway can withstand when it fails can be calculated iteratively.

Keywords: pipeline crossing highway; ANSYS software; secondary development; finite element model; stress analysis; APDL language

ApplicationofRemotePressure
andFlowRegulationTechnologies
inCityGateStation
SHEN Lilong，WANG Yaosheng

Abstract： Taking Maanshan natural gas gate station as an example，the paper discusses three problems，including gas supply balance of gas pipeline network，insufficient energy supply at gate station during peak hours and bias flow during gate station operation. Remote pressure and flow regulation technologies are applied to reconstruct the gate station that has problems，and the effect is good.

Keywords: city gate station; pressure regulator; remote pressure and flow regulation technologies; bias flow

LiquefiedNaturalGas

AutomaticUnattendedGasSupply
TechnologyinVaporizingStation
ofLNGMultipleCylinderInstallation
WANG Chen

Abstract： The technological process of vaporizing station of LNG multiple cylinder installation is introduced. The key unattended gas supply technologies such as pressure parameter setting，cylinder stock detection (pressure detection method，electronic weighbridge weighing method，gas volume detection method) and automatic switching，steady pressure supply by pressure regulating valve in front of self-operated valve，bog priority gas supply and so on，are discussed. The operation and management requirements of unattended vaporizing station of LNG multiple cylinder installation are put forward.

Keywords: vaporizing station of LNG multiple cylinder installation; unattended; automatic gas supply; technological process; inventory detection; automatic switching

GasVehicle，ShipandGas
FuelingStation

TheoreticalCalculationand
ActualMeasurementofBOGEmission
fromLNGFillingStation
GAO Yong，WU Junjie，QU Ge

Abstract： The main factors of BOG generation in LNG filling station are analyzed，including heat exchange between storage tank，equipment，process pipeline and the outside，pre-cooling of equipment and process pipeline，gas produced by LNG vehicle-mounted gas cylinders and influence of ambient temperature. Using the gas mass flow meter method，the static evaporation rates of LNG storage tank，pump skid，gas dispenser and process pipeline with liquid nitrogen as medium are obtained through the test，and the test steps are given. Considering various heat transfer factors，it is deduced that the static evaporation rate of medium as LNG is 0.66 times that of liquid nitrogen. The calculation method of actual daily evaporation under operating conditions based on the static evaporation rate of medium as LNG is given. Two standard three-level LNG filling stations are investigated，and the test method of daily evaporation capacity is proposed and measured. The measured daily evaporation capacities of the two filling stations are 91.86% and 60.04% higher than the actual daily evaporation capacity，respectively.

Keywords: LNG filling station; BOG emission; static evaporation rate; evaporation capacity

GasEquipmentandMaterials

AutomaticCalibrationTechnology
ofIntelligentDiaphragmGasMeter
JIANG Hangcheng，GUO Gang，
LIN Mingxing

Abstract： The principles of the current intelligent diaphragm gas meter and the improved intelligent diaphragm gas meter are analyzed. A relative error calibration technology according to the near-infrared communication protocol through the optical interface is proposed. By improving the structure，canceling the mechanical counter and adding the optical interface，the preliminary calibration，correction and recalibration are implemented through pulse equivalent to realize the automatic calibration. The sonic nozzle gas flow standard device with an accuracy grade of 0.5 and a flow range of 0.016 to 6.000 m3/h is used to test the 1.5 level gas meter with G1.6 specification and flow range of 0.016 to 2.500 m3/h. The relative error difference between near-infrared communication method and static method is compared. The results show that the relative error difference is within 0.13%，which is less than the standard device's expanded uncertainty (0.5%). The accuracy of near-infrared communication method meets the requirements，and the recalibration efficiency is increased by about 73%.

Keywords: intelligent diaphragm gas meter; near-infrared communication; optical interface; automatic calibration

AnalysisofInfluencingFactorson
PerformanceofGasPressure
RegulatorandCompensationDesign
ZHOU Shijun，WANG Jie，
YANG Cheng，DI Peng，LU Conghang

Abstract： Through the analysis of the working principle of the direct acting pressure regulator，the force balance equation of the regulator is established. The influence of three effects (diaphragm effect，spring effect and structure effect) on the performance of the regulator is analyzed theoretically. With the increase of the flow rate，the three effects of the regulator all reduce the performance outlet pressure，which affects the selection and use of the regulator. The necessity of setting balance diaphragm is analyzed. By reasonably adjusting the effective area of the balance diaphragm and valve core，the influence of the three effects on the performance of the regulator can be compensated to a certain extent，so that it has better pressure regulation characteristics.

Keywords: pressure regulator; force balance equation; balance diaphragm; balance valve core; compensation design; performance

GasEnterpriseManagement

DesignandImplementation
ofNaturalGasEconomic
SchedulingSystem
SHU Kai，WANG Chaoqun，
CHEN Xiaoji，ZANG Chunyu

Abstract： The background of economic scheduling and the objectives of the three stages of the system are expounded，the design ideas of the first stage of economic dispatching are introduced，and the design and implementation of the technical aspects of the economic dispatching system are discussed. The first stage mainly starts with the procurement，which is divided into pre-procurement evaluation and post-procurement analysis. The pre-procurement evaluation solves how to formulate the procurement strategy before purchasing gas source. The post-procurement analysis compares the actual procurement cost with five kinds of simulation costs to guide the next procurement. The design and implementation of system technologies are mainly discussed from the system architecture，data design，function design and so on.

Keywords: economic scheduling; economic procurement of gas source; procurement strategy; production scheduling platform