主题语境十四：素养维度发展评价

Ⅰ．阅读理解

体裁：说明文 篇幅：383词 建议用时：7分钟

文本来源：2020·江苏卷 新颖度：★★★★★ 素养视角：不吃早餐锻炼或更有益健康

For those who can stomach it，working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first，according to a study of meal timing and physical activity．

Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance．However，far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health．

To find out，British scientists conducted a study．They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us．They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rates and took samples（样品）of their blood and fat tissue．

Then，on two separate morning visits to the scientists'lab，each man walked for an hour at an average speed that，in theory， should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel．Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食)．On the other occasion，they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking．

Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue．

Then they compared the samples．There were considerable differences．Most obviously，the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten．As a result，they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first．On the other hand，they burned slightly more calories(卡路里)，on average，during the workout after breakfast than after fasting．

But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant，the researchers found．Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking．Many of these genes produce proteins（蛋白质） that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin（胰岛素）levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health．These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted．

The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise to skip eating first．

1．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”．

A．digest the meal easily

B．manage without breakfast

C．decide wisely what to eat

D．eat whatever is offered

2．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?

A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people．

B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight．

C．They could walk at an average speed．

D．They had slow metabolic rates．

3．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?

A．They successfully lost weight．

B．They consumed a bit more calories．

C．They burned more fat on average．

D．They displayed higher insulin levels．

4．What could be learned from the research?

A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances．

B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates．

61例患者中单发转移瘤48例，同一肺叶存在≥2个转移瘤13例。转移瘤位于右肺上叶8例，右肺中叶3例，右肺下叶25例，左肺上叶7例，左下叶18例。全组患者转移瘤平均直径为3.03 cm，直径≥3 cm 有26例，直径<3 cm有35例(多发转移瘤患者的肿瘤最大直径取其中最大肿瘤的直径计算)。61例患者中共有25例患者的胸部CT表现为毛刺样、分叶状、密度不均匀或厚壁空洞状的不典型肺部转移瘤表现，36例患者的胸部CT表现为多发但局限于同肺叶、大小不一、密度均匀、轮廓清楚的圆形或类圆形的较为典型的转移病灶。

C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise．

D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health．

Ⅱ．完形填空

体裁：议论文 篇幅：339词 建议用时：17分钟

文本来源：原创 新颖度：★★★★★ 素养视角：自律与生活习惯

Do you know how discipline can help you achieve your goals?Do you know that discipline is important to _1__?What is the power of discipline?How to become disciplined?

You might think that many people are not self-disciplined，__2__I'm going to prove to you that people in general are disciplined，but ___3__，in non-beneficial ways．There are many people who smoke daily ___4__the fact that it is harmful and __ 5__and it could kill them．Such people are disciplined at _6__cigarettes and smoking．There are people who are disciplined at drinking lots of alcohol daily．Do you _ _7__where I am going with this?

One of my friends who has a ___8__for running spends half an hour every single morning running．Whether it is snowing or raining，she has to run．This is the kind of ___9__discipline that you are supposed to _10__and create in your life．

Do you know someone who bought a book，but didn't finish __ 11__it for some reason?Do you know someone who decided to improve his ___12__and started eating more vegetables and fruit，but after two weeks，he _13__?

With discipline，you can start getting up early in the morning，exercise，and _18__yourself of the non-beneficial habits such as smoking and eating unhealthy food．With discipline，you can change negative habits to positive habits．With discipline，you can join the gym and start working on having a _19__body．Do you see what the _20__of discipline can do?

Always remember what Jim Rohn said，“One discipline always leads to another discipline．”

1．A．wealthB．successC．fortuneD．health

2．A．forB．andC．orD．but

3．A．unfortunatelyB．unwillinglyC．unnecessarilyD．unexpectedly

4．A．besidesB．despiteC．exceptD．without

5．A．courageousB．disgustingC．dangerousD．forbidden

6．A．sellingB．quittingC．receivingD．buying

7．A．careB．seeC．feelD．mind

8．A．passionB．giftC．respectD．reason

9．A．formalB．positiveC．negativeD．religious

10．A．inventB．forgetC．followD．believe

11．A．readingB．recitingC．analyzingD．reviewing

12．A．serviceB．dietC．skillD．performance

13．A．broke downB．turned upC．gave upD．set out

14．A．lackB．gestureC．signD．symbol

15．A．attentionB．orderC．creditD．desire

16．A．planB．listenC．askD．hope

17．A．obviouslyB．practicallyC．likelyD．happily

18．A．persuadeB．informC．deliverD．break

19．A．healthierB．weakerC．heavierD．clumsier

20．A．demandB．powerC．principleD．measure

Ⅲ．语法填空

体裁：说明文 篇幅：160词 建议用时：7分钟

文本来源：2020·山东淄博高三质检 新颖度：★★★★ 素养视角：防止病毒传播的措施

How do we prevent transmission of the virus?

This new virus currently has a 1．______（limit） geographic spread．2．______，there are a number of standard hygiene（卫生） practices that have been recommended to protect against infection and further spread．These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask，tissue or flexed elbow，avoiding close contact with those who are unwell，the appropriate use of 3．______（mask） and personal protective equipment，4．______（especial） in a healthcare setting and washing hands regularly with soap and clean water，or alcohol-based hand rub．Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from 5．______animal source include avoiding unnecessary 6．______（protect） contact with animals，washing hands after contact with animals or animal products and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they 7．_______（consume）．

It is important 8．______（stay） home if you're feeling unwell．But if you have a fever，cough，and difficulty 9．______（breath），seek medical care early and share your previous travel history 10．______your healthcare provider．