色彩大师

馬蒂斯与毕加索同为20世纪现代艺术的巨擘，你可能更熟悉后者的名字，而对前者知之甚少，但以马蒂斯为首的野兽派画家却引领了上世纪的绘画大革命。马蒂斯在现代艺术的领域探险，形成了形色简约、愉悦和谐的野兽画风。其作品中耀眼跳动的画面、恣意而又明朗的画风，营造出一个个野兽派的伊甸园。而这一切都源自于法国南部的一个小镇带给他的灵感。一起去听听其中的故事吧。

The first time I saw a picture by the French artist Henri Matisse， I was just a kid. It was one of his famous Blue Nudes， incredibly simple， just one colour with no detail at all， bit like a primitive cave painting. But something about it fascinated me then， and still does. And since shops like IKEA began selling posters of it， its everywhere. In student flats， pizza houses， my local gym， and even my grannys got one.

But Matisse didnt always paint simple， bold pictures like his Blue Nude. He began his career as a really traditional painter. He started with intricately crafted still lifes， then things got much more colourful， then a lot less detailed， and finally he gave up with detail altogether and went with pure shape and colour. In fact， hes often called “The Master of Colour，” and some even say he created the way our modern world looks.

This is the small fishing town of Collioure on the Mediterranean coast in France. In fact， its so far south， its almost in Spain. Just look around. The first thing that really strikes you is the very brilliant quality of the light， and the strong， powerful， very saturated colours. Now these were things that Matisse was always searching for.

Matisse was staggered by the intensity of what he saw and felt here. And the radical way he chose to capture it on canvas would horrify the art establishment.

Alistair Wright （Matisse Expert）： Its around this time that he starts quoting an aphorism， which was that a kilogram of green is greener than half a kilogram of green. What Matisse took that to mean is that if you want your colours to seem intense you have to use more of them. You cant break them up into， into small areas. You have to put on a big slab of red if you want it to really sound as red in the painting. He started to use colours in ways that have ever been done before in the history of Western painting.

Matisses blocks of wild colour barely resembled the real world， and broke every established rule. Over centuries， the craft of painting had been refined. There were conventions of light， shadow， perspective and imperceptible brushwork. But to capture his feelings about Collioure， Matisse decided to ignore all that.

The Matisse look is much imitated. And all sorts of products that you wouldnt have thought of are now jumping on the Matisse bandwagon. This is an *Orla Kiely bag， clearly inspired by Matisse. Nowadays， you can buy Matisse acrylic paints， wash your dyed hair with Matisse shampoo， before you put on your Matisse jumper and wrap yourself up in a Matisse scarf. Your dogs can chew on a rubber man called Henri in the shape of Icarus. And your kids can cuddle their*Miffy rabbit. Now I bet you didnt know this， but if it wasnt for Matisse， sweet little Miffy here wouldnt exist. She may not be the artists biggest gift to humankind， but， without her， I think the world would be a poorer place.

So Matisse is still very much in our world. Hes inspired countless painters， as well as fashion designers and interior designers. You can see his influence in commercial logos and kids cartoons. Vibrant colour， simple， expressive shapes， less clutter， less detail. More impact， more feeling. Matisse pioneered the look of the modern world.

我第一次看到法國画家亨利·马蒂斯创作的一幅画时，还是个孩子。那幅画是他著名的《蓝色裸体》系列中的一幅，画作简单得不可思议，只有一种颜色，毫无细节，有点像远古的洞穴壁画，但是作品中的某种东西深深地吸引了我，以至于我现在仍然痴迷不已。由于像宜家这样的家具店早已开始出售这幅作品的贴画，这幅画变得随处可见：学生寝室、比萨店、我所在地的健身房，甚至我奶奶都有一幅。

但是马蒂斯的画并不是一直都像《蓝色裸体》那样简约而又大胆。他在艺术生涯刚开始之时可是一个很传统的画家。他以画一些复杂而精致的静物画起步，后来他的作品变得色彩纷呈，再后来，作品中少了许多细节，最终他完全放弃了所有细节，只用纯粹的形状和颜色。他更是常常被称为“色彩大师”，有人甚至说正是他创造了我们当今世界的模样。

这个位于法国地中海沿岸的小渔村叫科利乌尔。这里实际上非常靠南，已经快到西班牙了。环顾一下四周，最吸引人的就是这里极其明媚的阳光，以及强烈、带有冲击力、且富有浓郁色彩的景色。这些是马蒂斯一直都在追寻的美景。

马蒂斯被自己在这里的所见所感深深震撼，而他随后选择在画布上捕捉这自己所见所感的极端方式将会轰动美术界。

阿利斯泰尔·赖特（马蒂斯研究专家）：正是在这一时期他开始推崇这样一种说法：同样是绿色，一公斤的绿色比半公斤的绿色显得更绿。他想借此表达的意思是，如果想让色彩显得浓烈，就必须大量使用它，而不能小块小块地用色。如果你希望在作品中突出红色，就得画上一大片红色。马蒂斯由此创造出一种在西方绘画史上从未使用过的着色方法。

马蒂斯画中粗犷的色块与现实世界相距甚远，他打破了所有已被确立的常规。在他之前的几百年里，各种绘画技法已经非常完善，程式化的绘画手法涵盖了光、影、透视画法，以及细微笔触的使用。但为了准确表达自己在科利乌尔的感受，马蒂斯决定把那些抛之脑后。

马蒂斯的风格大量被人们模仿，各色人们难以想象的产品也搭上了顺风车。这是一个奥兰·凯利牌女式手提包，其设计很明显受了马蒂斯的启发。现如今，你能买到马蒂斯牌丙烯颜料，用马蒂斯牌洗发水洗染色后的头发，再穿上马蒂斯风格的毛衣，给自己围上一条马蒂斯风格的围巾。连你的狗狗也能咬着这个名叫亨利，外形像伊卡洛斯的橡胶人玩具，你的孩子怀里还能抱着米菲兔。我敢打赌，有一事你并不清楚，那就是如果不是因为马蒂斯，这些可爱的米菲兔就不会出现了。她也许还算不上是马蒂斯留给人类最好的礼物，但是如果没有她，我想这个世界会比现在更可怜。

马蒂斯的确在我们的世界里无处不在。他的作品启发了无数画家、时装设计师和家居装饰师。我们可以在商标以及儿童卡通片里看到他的风格：鲜明的色彩，简单却极富表现力的形状，尽可能地简单，极少的细节，更强的冲击力及更浓烈的感染力，马蒂斯的这些风格特点打造了现代世界的模样。

Miffy：米菲兔诞生于1955年，是世界上最著名的图画书作家之一——荷兰画家迪克·布鲁纳创作的经典动画人物。米菲画像简朴、亲切，风格一致，易于记忆，深受全世界各地小朋友的喜爱。在作者的坚持下，米菲兔的造型始终维持她一贯朴实轻松的风格，从来不会因为节日或任何理由乱换衣服和首饰。这样“超清新”的形象，也许正是米菲兔的人气地位始终屹立不倒的原因。

Orla Kiely：奥兰·凯利是英国知名的服装品牌，创建于上世纪末，以清新典雅风格风靡时尚界。奥兰·凯利原是英国著名的图案设计师，她设计的壁纸、马克杯都是经典。奥兰·凯利的设计风格是：复古感觉+现代元素+缤纷的颜色，如今，该品牌每年都推出两套独特的印花设计。这个品牌已经从早期只有包包手袋产品线，扩展到今天既有旅行箱、家具、厨房卫浴用品，又有女装、配饰和文具系列。