禁酒令

金炳祥

The 18th Amendment2 to the U.S. Constitution3， prohibiting the “manufacture， sale， or transportation of intoxicating4 liquors5 for beverage6 purposes，” was ratified7 on January 16， 1919 and became the law of the land.

The movement for the prohibition of alcohol began in the early 19th century. By the late 19th century， these groups had become a powerful political force， campaigning on the state level and calling for total national abstinence8. In December 1917， the 18th Amendment， also known as the Prohibition Amendment， was passed by Congress9 and sent to the states for ratification10.

Prohibition took effect in January 1919. Nine months later， Congress passed the National Prohibition Act， over President Woodrow Wilsons veto11. It provided for the enforcement of prohibition， including the creation of a special unit of the Treasury Department.

Despite a great effort by law-enforcement agencies， the Act failed to prevent the large-scale distribution12 of liquors， and organized crime flourished in America.

In 1933， the 21st Amendment to the Constitution was passed and ratified， repealing prohibition.

1919年1月16日，美國宪法第18条修正案正式生效，该修正案禁止“生产、销售或运输用于饮用的烈酒”，并成为了美国的法律。

禁酒运动开始于19世纪早期。到19世纪晚期，这些团体已经成为一股强大的政治力量，在州一级开展活动，呼吁全国彻底禁酒。1917年12月，第18条修正案，也被称为禁酒令修正案，由国会通过并送交各州批准。

禁酒令于1919年1月生效。九个月后，国会不顾伍德罗 · 威尔逊总统的否决，通过了禁酒法案。禁酒法案为禁酒提供了法律依据，包括在财政部设立一个特别单位。

尽管执法机构做出了积极的努力，禁酒法案仍未能阻止酒精饮料的大规模分销，有组织的犯罪活动在美国日益猖獗。

1933年，美国宪法第21条修正案获得通过和批准，废除了禁酒令。