王含彦 郭冬梅 唐珍
[摘要] 目的 探討舒肝解郁(SGJY)胶囊对抑郁模型大鼠脑内脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响。 方法 将30只SD大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为五组(n = 6):Control组、慢性不可预见性轻度应激(CUMS)组、氟西汀(FLU)组(FLU 2 mg/kg)、SGJY组(SGJY悬浮液150 mg/kg)、SGJY+U0126组(SGJY悬浮液150 mg/kg,0.01% U0126 5 mL/kg)。采用CUMS制作抑郁模型,各药物组连续给药21 d,Control组和CUMS组灌胃生理盐水5 mL/kg。对所有动物进行行为学测试,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测BDNF mRNA的表达,采用Western blot检测pERK1/2蛋白表达。结果 与Control组比较,其余各组用药前的穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好均明显偏低(P < 0.01)。用药后,与CUMS组比较,FLU组和SGJY组的穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好显著增加(P < 0.01或P < 0.05),BDNF mRNA、pERK1/2的表达均显著升高(P < 0.01);与SGJY组比较,SGJY+U0126组穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好显著减少(P < 0.01或P < 0.05),BDNF mRNA、pERK1/2的表达均显著降低(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。 结论 SGJY胶囊可能通过调节ERK1/2通路增加BDNF mRNA表达从而发挥改善抑郁症状的作用。
[关键词] 抗抑郁药;舒肝解郁胶囊;脑源性神经营养因子;ERK1/2
[中图分类号] R285.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)07(b)-0021-04
Effect of Shugan Jieyu Capsules on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in model rats with depression
WANG Hanyan GUO Dongmei TANG Zhen
Teaching and Research Section of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Shugan Jieyu (SGJY) Capsules on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in model rats with depression. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) by random number table method: control group, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, Fluoxetine (FLU) group (FLU 2 mg/kg), SGJY group (SGJY Suspension Liquid 150 mg/kg) and SGJY+U0126 group (SGJY Suspension Liquid 150 mg/kg and 0.01% U0126 5 mL/kg). The CUMS was performed to induce depressive-like animal model. Each group was given corresponding drugs for 21 d. The control group and CUMS group were given normal saline 5 mL/kg by gavage. All animals were taken behavior tests. The expression of BDNF mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, the expression of pERK1/2 protein was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the times of passing through grille, the upright times and sugar preference in the rest groups were all reduced before administration (P < 0.01). After administration, compared with CUMS group, the times of passing through grille, the upright times and sugar preference in FLU group and SGJY group were increased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), the expression of BDNF mRNA, pERK1/2 was improved significantly (P < 0.01); compared with SGJY group, the times of passing through grille, the upright times and sugar preference in SGJY+U0126 group were decreased signfiicantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), the expression of BDNF mRNA, pERK1/2 was reduced significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion SGJY Capsules may play a role in improving the depressive symptoms by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway to increase the expression of BDNF.
[Key words] Antidepressant; Shugan Jieyu Capsules; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ERK1/2
抑郁症是一种发病率较高的情感障碍性疾病,但其发病机制至今不明。目前主流观点认为,抑郁症的发生发展与单胺递质的减少有关[1]。然而近年来的研究表明,抑郁症的发生发展不仅与单胺递质系统有关,可能还存在其他靶点[2]。脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)是神经生长因子家族中表达最为广泛的一种[3]。尽管越来越多的研究结果表明,BDNF蛋白的减少与抑郁症的发生有关[4,5],但应激信号或者药物调节BDNF表达的具体机制仍不清楚。研究发现,磷酸化ERK1/2(phosphorylation ERK1/2,pERK1/2)能阻断灌注BDNF所产生的抗抑郁效果[6-7],自杀人群海马区BDNF和ERK1/2的含量均明显减少[8-9]。以上证据表明,应激等因素可能通过ERK通路下调BDNF表达。
舒肝解郁(SGJY)胶囊是治疗抑郁症的纯中药复方制剂,临床研究证实该药对轻、中度抑郁具有较好的疗效和安全性[10-13]。SGJY胶囊含有贯叶金丝桃,该成分被认为具有提高神经突触间5羟色胺(5-HT)浓度的作用[14]。但基于SGJY胶囊是复方制剂,具有复杂的成分背景及单胺递质假说存在的局限性,我们推测该药的抗抑郁作用可能不仅与单胺神经递质有关,而且涉及到多重靶点和多条信号通路。本研究采用慢性不可预见性轻度应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)结合孤养法建立抑郁动物模型[15],特异性阻断ERK途径并评估动物的行为学表现和BDNF含量,以此探讨SGJY胶囊的抗抑郁作用机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验动物
30只1~2月龄雄性SD大鼠,体重130~150 g,由川北医学院(以下简称“我校”)实验动物中心提供[合格证号SCXK(川)2013-0018]。1周适应性饲养后进行后续试验。实验方案符合我校使用实验动物的伦理学标准。
1.2 主要试剂与仪器
盐酸氟西汀胶囊(礼来苏州制药有限公司,批号:4482A);SGJY胶囊(成都康弘药业集团股份有限公司,批号:121201);BCA试剂盒(碧云天,批号:20170929);兔抗pERK抗体(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司,批号:2C103290、4P172530);辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗兔抗体(美国Santa Cruz公司,批号:00204);TRIzol(美国Invitrogen公司,批号:382739);逆转录试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,批号:20151012];SYBR Green试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,批號:K9929]。BIO-RAD CFX荧光定量PCR仪;BIO-RAD半干转仪。
1.3 实验动物分组与给药
将30只SD大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为五组,即Control组、CUMS组、氟西汀(FLU)组、SGJY组、SGJY+U0126组,每组6只。除Control组外,其余各组均接受21 d的CUMS暴露造模。Control组和CUMS组灌胃生理盐水5 mL/kg,FLU组灌胃FLU悬浮液2 mg/kg,SGJY组灌胃SGJY悬浮液150 mg/kg,SGJY+U0126组灌胃SGJY悬浮液150 mg/kg,并腹腔注射0.01% U0126 5 mL/kg。给药21 d后,所有动物再次进行行为学评价。
1.4 造模方法
采用CUMS法制备抑郁动物模型[16],即每笼饲养1只,共接收21 d多种不同的刺激,包括昼夜颠倒24 h、闪频6 h、潮湿垫料48 h、夹尾1 min、禁锢2 h、噪音4 h、冰水游泳5 min、禁食24 h、禁水24 h,每天随机使用一种刺激。
1.5 旷野试验
准备一个由不透明材料制成的敞箱装置,底部为正方形,划为25个方格。将大鼠放在中央方格后,记录5 min内的穿格数和直立次数。
1.6 糖水偏好测试
参照Li等[17]进行糖水偏好测试。首先训练大鼠适应糖水:第1个24 h,每笼放置2瓶1%蔗糖水;第2个24 h,将其中1瓶蔗糖水替换为纯水;第3个24 h禁食禁水,进行糖水偏好测试。再次同时给予1%蔗糖水和纯水,1 h后取走分别测量蔗糖水和纯水的消耗,按下式计算:糖水偏好=糖水消耗/总液体消耗×100%。
1.7 Western blot检测pERK1/2表达
从海马组织中提取蛋白,每组3个样本。BCA微量测定试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,SDS-PAGE电泳分离pERK1/2和GAPDH蛋白。再转膜、封闭、一抗4℃孵育过夜,洗膜后加入辣根过氧化酶标记的二抗孵育,再次充分洗涤,ECL化学发光显色,进行定量灰度扫描。其中,一抗的稀释比:pERK1/2(1∶2000),GADPH(1∶3000)。
1.8 荧光定量PCR检测BDNF mRNA表达
提取大鼠海马RNA,逆转录获得cDNA,采用SYBR Green染料法检测GADPH和BDNF mRNA的表达。采用相对定量法2-ΔΔCt计算各目的基因的表达。GADPH FP:5′-TCGGTGTGAACGGATTTGGCCG-3′,RP:5′-CCGTTGAACTTGCCGTGGGT-3′;BDNF FP:5′-GGCCCAACGAAGAAAACCAT-3′,RP:5′-AGCA-TCACCCGGGAAGTGT-3′。
1.9 统计学方法
采用軟件SPSS 16.0进行统计分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,各组比较采用单因素方差(One-way ANOVA)分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 药物对CUMS大鼠行为学的影响
与Control组比较,其余各组用药前穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好均明显偏低(P < 0.01),用药后,仅CUMS组穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好明显低于Control组(P < 0.01),其余各组与Control组比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。用药后,与CUMS组比较,FLU组和SGJY组的穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好显著增加(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。与SGJY组比较,SGJY+U0126组的穿格数、直立次数和糖水偏好显著减少(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。见表1。
2.2 用药对大鼠海马区BDNF mRNA表达的影响
与Control组比较,CUMS组大鼠海马区BDNF mRNA表达显著减少(P < 0.01)。与CUMS组比较,FLU组和SGJY组大鼠的BDNF mRNA表达明显增加(P < 0.01)。与SGJY组比较,SGJY+U0126组BDNF mRNA表达明显降低(P < 0.05)(图2)。
与Control组比较,##P < 0.01;与CUMS组比较,**P < 0.01;与SGJY组比较,△P < 0.05。CUMS:慢性不可预见性轻度应激;FLU:氟西汀;SGJY:疏肝解郁;BDNF:脑源性神经营养因子
2.3 用药对海马区ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化的影响
与Control组比较,CUMS组大鼠pERK1/2蛋白水平明显减少(P < 0.01)。与CUMS组比较,FLU组和SGJY组pERK1/2水平显著升高(P < 0.01)。与SGJY组比较,SGJY+U0126组pERK1/2水平明显下降(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)(图3)。
3 讨论
目前化学合成类的抗抑郁药大多旨在提升患者神经突触间的单胺递质浓度,但存在着缓解率不高和副作用较大等缺点。传统中医药如SGJY胶囊,因其复方背景和多途径多靶点作用受到越来越多的关注。UPLC-MS分析结果显示SGJY胶囊由22种化合物组成[18-19],因此我们推测SGJY胶囊可能通过多个靶点发挥抗抑郁作用。大量研究证明BDNF与抑郁症的发病机制有关[20-21]。本研究结果显示SGJY胶囊能显著增加CUMS大鼠BDNF mRNA的表达,说明该药可能通过促进BDNF mRNA表达来改善动物的抑郁样症状。
MAPKs信号通路广泛存在于生命有机体细胞中,在神经突触的可塑性和重塑过程中起到重要作用[21],ERK1/2是MAPKs家族中重要的一员。急性或慢性应激压力都能通过ERK1/2信号通路引起海马区基因表观修饰的改变,如组蛋白磷酸化或乙酰化,从而改变基因的表达[21-23]。本研究结果显示,使用SGJY胶囊后,大鼠海马区BDNF mRNA和pERK1/2的表达均明显增加,而组合使用ERK1/2通路特异性阻断剂U0126后,BDNF mRNA的表达随着pERK1/2的抑制而明显减少。
综上所述,SGJY胶囊可能通过ERK1/2通路上调BDNF mRNA的表达。
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