2019年高考英语全国卷语法填空题中对动词的考查

鲁姣英

语法填空中，对动词的考查几乎占了半壁江山。请看下表：

因此，在高考备考中掌握动词的用法尤为重要。

动词在句中可充当谓语和非谓语。谓语又要结合语境来判断其时态、语态和主谓一致;而非谓语呢，有动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式四种形式。

一、真题回顾

我们看一下2019年高考全国卷语法填空中对动词考查的具体题目。

全国Ⅰ卷

1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut    65    （report）increases in bear sightings around human settlements.

2. Modern methods of /for_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s， and are expensive     64     （perform） consistently over a large area.

3. Scientists have responded by     67      （note）that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements.

4. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six      70      （be）stable， one is increasing， and nine lack enough data.

Keys： 1. have reported 2. to perform 3. noting 4. are

全國Ⅱ卷

5. A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for      61      （be）Britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.

6. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene       64       （declare）she had no plans       65       （retire）from her 36-year-old business.

7. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I      66      （make）over the years.

8. When we got a call      68      （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was ajoke.

Keys： 5. being 6. declared; to retire 7. have made 8. saying

全国Ⅲ卷

9. On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take      62      （get）there.

10. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and     65    （recommend） wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.

11. On the last day of our week-long stay，we      69      （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，     70      （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

Keys： 9. to get 10. recommended 11. were invited; listening

既然对动词的考查占这么大的比重，那么，我们要怎样来解决相关的问题呢？

二、解题思路

要填出这些动词的正确的形式，首先得区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。

凡是句子都有谓语，所以我们先找句中的谓语。

谓语动词

Step 1确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则需填谓语动词。

Step 2若需填谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。

Step 3要注意主谓一致。

[例1]I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I      66      （make）over the years.

分析：主语I后还没有别的谓语动词，故make是谓语动词;又由over the years可知，用现在完成时，故填have made。

[例2]Our hosts shared many of their experiences and     65      （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.（全国卷3）

分析：句中shared是谓语动词，由空格前的and可知，recommend与shared并列，即并列谓语，故也用一般过去时，故填recommended。

[例3]On the last day of our week-long stay，we      69     （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

分析：句中we是的主语，那么invite 则是谓语;又因we和invite 是被动关系，故用被动语态;最后，结合整个语篇的时态是一般过去时，所以填 were invited。

非谓语动词

Step 1若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，则应填非谓语动词。

Step 2根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用-ing形式或不定式，在enjoy，finish， include， avoid等动词后作宾语用-ing形式，在decide，refuse等动词后用不定式形式，等等。

Step 3确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。

Step 4根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。如：

[例4]Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans      65      （retire）from her 36-year-old business.

分析：delclare 后是一个宾语从句，从句中已有谓语动词had;而且没有其它连词，所以retire 为非谓语动词;因计划做某事，也就是还没有发生的动词，即未来的动作，要用不定式，故填to retire。

[例5]On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，     70      （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

分析：句中invite是谓语动词，而listen前是个逗号，说明是同一个句子，而一个句中，有了谓语动词，又没有出现连词，可以判断listen为非谓语动词;又因we与listen 是主动关系，故用现在分词listening。

[例6]Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s， and are expensive      64      （perform）consistently over a large area.

分析：句中have been employed和are expensive是并列謂语，显然perform为非谓语动词;在形容词（expensive） 后做状语只能用不定式，故填to perform。

[例7]Scientists have responded by       67     （note）that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements.

分析：在介词（by）后，一般用动名词，故填noting。

总结归纳：

先看句中有无谓语动词。

如果句中缺谓语，则补充谓语。综合考虑时态、语态及主谓一致。

如果句中有谓语，则再看有无连词（并列连词或从属连词）

有连词，则填谓语;无连词，则是非谓语。

还要注意标点符号：句点、分号都代表着一个句子的完结;而逗号则不是。

巩固练习

1. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research， I________（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

2. But my connection with pandas goes back   to   my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， when I was the first Western TV reporter________（permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

3. My ambassadorial duties will include________（introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

4. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow________（be） often acceptable.

5. If you find something you love doing outside of the office， youll be less likely ________（bring）your work home.

6. You dont have to run fast or for long________（see）the benefit.

7. You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________（die）early by running.

8. While running regularly cant make you live forever， the review says it_______（be）more effective at lengthening life than walking， cycling or swimming.

9. Since 2011， the country________（grow）more corn than rice.

10. Another reason for corns rise： The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice_______（improve）water quality.

11. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government ________（start）a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011， fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

12. That prevented the emission（排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while ________（feed）its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the banks Juergen Voegele.

13. I quickly lower myself， ducking my head to avoid ______（look）directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel________（challenge）.

14. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature， the huge animal ________（mean）me no real harm.

15. He was just saying：“Im king of this forest， and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered， he allowed me________（stay）and watch.

16. When fat and salt________（remove）from food， the food tastes as if it is missing somehting.

17. Fast food ________（be）full of fat and salt; by________（eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

18. This included digging up the road， ________（lay）the track and then building a strong roof over its top.

19. Steam engines ________（use）to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers， with all the smoke and noise.

20. But unlike her school friends， Sarah is not spending half-term ________（rest）

Keys：

1. was allowed 2. permitted 3. introducing 4. is 5. to bring 6. to see 7. dying 8. is 9. has grown 10. to improve 11. started 12. feeding 13. looking， challenged 14. meant 15. to say 16. are removed 17. is， eating 18. laying 19. were used 20. resting

責任编辑 蒋小青