A Review of Chinese Herb Medicine Additives on Chicken Growth Performance

Cui YANG Yuying LIAO Fulin WANG Jiahuang YANG1 Zhuyue WU

Abstract Researches showed that many Chinese herb medicines can improve chicken growth performance not only by their pharmacological function, but also by the improvement of antioxidant function, immunity and disease resistance of chicken. The menace to human health and environment has occurred since too much antibiotics have been used as growthpromoting additives in long term in chicken industry. Therefore, research on replacement of antibiotics by Chinese herb medicines as additives for chicken growth is underway. This paper summarized some research results in the topic briefly to provide information for researchers and readers.

Key words Chicken; Chinese herb medicine additive; Growth performance; Antioxidant function; Immunity

Received: May 23, 2019Accepted: September 3, 2019

Supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Province (AA17204024); Guangxi District Public Welfare Research Institutes Basic Research Business Expenses Project (201804).

Cui YANG (1979-), female, P. R. China, assistant researcher, devoted to research about animal nutrition and feed research.

*Corresponding author. Email: zyw8899@126.com.

The application of antibiotics has benefits not only in disease prevention and treatment but also in promotion of chicken growth. However, it has also created serious problems to human health because of the results in resistance of the pathogenic bacteria, double infection, drug residue in body and environmental pollution from the longterm use of antibiotics in large amounts［1-3］.

Chinese herbal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. Researches showed that appropriate application of Chinese herbal additives in diets could improve immunity and disease resistance of chickens and make a good advantage in chicken growth performance［4-7］. Meanwhile, it also has the benefits of no drug resistance, no harmful residue, no pollution and no druginduced diseases［8］. So the research on application of Chinese herbal medicine additives as a succedaneum to antibiotics is on the rise in China currently. We made a summary from researches in the topic briefly to provide information for researchers.

Chinese Herb Medicine Improves the Growth Performance by the Pharmacological Effect in the Enhancement of Appetite and Digestive Function of Chickens

Feed intake and its conversion efficiency are the decisive factors affecting the growth performance of chickens. Studies have shown that many Chinese herbs could improve feed intake and conversion efficiency of chickens. Research of Huang et al.［9］ showed that the feed intake, conversion efficiency of feed and average daily gain (ADG) were increased by 6.02% (P<0.05), 5.88% (P<0.05) and 12.64% (P<0.05), respectively, when AA chickens at the age of 1-42 d were fed diet with 1.5% of Chinese herbal medicine additives composed of Perilla nankinensis, cumin, cinnamon, Radix achyranthis bidentatae, Astragalus, garlic, Angelica, etc. Zhu［10］used diet with 0.3% of extract from the herb medicine additive composed of Astragalus, cinnamon, dangshen, Epimedium, tangerine peel, Atractylodes Atractylodes, hawthorn, divine comedy, Asparagus officinalis, licorice root, etc. to feed commercial Avion broilers at the age of 1-42 d. The results showed that feed intake and conversion efficiency were increased by 5.93% and 4.35% (P<0.05), respectively, and ADG was also increased by 10.74% (P<0.05), when compared with the control group. Similar formulation of herbal medicine additives and results have also been reported from the studies of Yuan［11］and Xi et al.［12］.

These have shown that the promotion of chicken growth performance is obtained not only by the increase of feed intake but also by the increase of feed conversion efficiency (FCE) at the same time from these kinds of compound Chinese herbal medicine additives. However, there were some other researches which showed the growth promotion could be obtained only by the increase of feed intake. Wang et al.［13］formulated a compound Chinese herbal medicine additive in a certain ratio from Acanthopanax senticosus, malt, fried Hawthorn, Rhizoma cymbidium rhizome, Atractylodes atractylodes, Schisandra fruit, etc., and fed AA chickens at the age of 1-42 d with 1% of additive in diet. Results from this trial showed that the feed intake was increased by 7.34% (P<0.05) during 22-42 d and by 6.33% (P>0.05) even if during 1-42 d. However, the ratio of feed/gain (F/G) was just decreased by 1.72% which meant that the improvement of feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was very low, but the ADG of chickens was increased by 8.14% (P<0.05). Similar research results have also been reported by Lei et al.［14］.

Meanwhile, researches also showed that the improvement of chicken growth performance was attained just by the improvement of FCE rather than by the increase of feed intake from Chinese herbal medicine additive. Gao et al.［15］made an additive from about 20 kinds of Chinese herb medicine such as Astragalus, divine comedy, hawthorn, malt, liquorice and fennel to feed Guixiang chicken in different doses in diet. Results from this study showed that the FCE and ADG were increased by 26.6% (P<0.01) and 35.9% (P<0.01), respectively, when the chickens consumed the diet with 1% of the additive even though the feed intake of chicken was not increased. Miao et al.［16］fed crossbred broilers at the age of 1-42 din diet with an additive composed of 11 kinds of herbal medicine such as Angelica, hawthorn, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus, purslane and garden burnet. Results from the experiment showed that the FCE was increased by 11.36% (P<0.05) and 9.55% (P<0.05) and the ADG was also increased 10.66% (P<0.05) and 12.63％(P<0.05), respectively, as the broilers were fed diet with 0.4% or 0.5% of the additive. Similar results in improvement of FCE and ADG were also found in researches by Li et al.［17］and Guo［18］with similar formulation and pharmacological function of herbal medicine additives. The application of this kind of Chinese herbal additive should have more benefits in practice since it can improve the growth performance but there is no need to increase the feed amount and the cost from feed.

According to pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine, the Chinese herbal medicines mentioned above such as: hawthorn, malt, divine comedy, dangshen, Astragalus root, licorice, garlic, cinnamon, atractylodes, fennel and Schisandra fruit have the effect of promoting growth and improving the feed intake and conversion efficiency because it has pharmacological functions in enhancing the chickens appetite, aiding digestion, invigorating spleen and supplementing qi, promoting fluid, nourishing blood, etc. Modern pharmacological studies have also shown that these Chinese herbal medicines contain biological active substances such as polysaccharide, alkaloids and essential oils and these substances can improve the growth performance of chickens. For example, alkaloids can promote the development of villus structure in chicken intestine and augment the villus height and crypt depth of ileum and caecum to some extent, so it can improve the digestion and absorption function of intestinal mucosa; and essential oils and polysaccharides can promote the secretion of intestinal endogenous enzymes, improve digestive enzyme activity of intestine and change the morphological characteristics of feed and chyme viscosity in the intestine, so it can increase the digestion and absorption of nutrients from feed in intestine and improve FCE and growth performance for chickens［15,19-21］.

Herb Medicine Additives Promote Growth Performance by the Improvement of Antioxidant Capacity of Chickens

The health conditions of flock is essential for the chicken industry. The oxidation resistance is an important factor affecting the health conditions of chicken. Therefore, to enhance the antioxidant capacity for chicken body can improve the growth performance of chicken. Researches showed that many Chinese herb medicines such as ginkgo leaf, fennel, Astragalus root, hawthorn, licorice root, Magnolia officinalis, Scutellaria root, Rhizoma atractylodis, tangerine peel, Sophora flavescens, Ligustrine seed, Poria cocos, Salvia miltiorrhizae root, Radix paeoniae alba, Radix radix ophiopogonis, Sichuan bayi and rhubarb have good effect in oxidation resistance［22-24］.

Fu et al.［25］formulated a herb medicine additive with licorice, ginkgo leaf extract, hawthorn, Astragalus, Forsythia, honeysuckle, oregano, dried ginger, etc., and fed AA chicken at the age of 1-42 d with diets contained 50, 100 and 150 g/t of the additive. Results from this trial showed that the addition of 100 g/t in diet significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity (P<0.05) in 21 and 42 d during the trial. It also significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in 42 d (P<0.05) and decreased the content of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05). The ADG during 22-42 d in the study was increased significantly (P<0.05), even in the period of 1-42 d, the ADG was still increased by 4.16% (P>0.05). The ratio of F/G was reduced by 6.31% (P<0.05)［25］. Qiu et al.［26］fed AA chickens in a diet with Chinese herbal additives composed of Astragalus extract, Rographis extract and tangerine peel in a period of 1-42 d. The TAC and activity of SOD and glutathione peroxidase from the chickens in the trial were increased remarkably (P<0.05); MDA content was reduced (P<0.05) dramatically; and the ADG and FCE were improved significantly (P<0.05)［26］. This result is very similar to the one from Fu et al.［25］. The same results from the improvement of antioxidant ability and growth performance of chickens were also obtained from Zhang et al.s research fed Qingjiaoma broilers in diet with A. membranaceus［27］, Qiao et al.s research fed AA chickens in diet with fermented A. membranaceus［28］, and Zhu et al.s research fed yellow broilers in diet with fermented Ginkgo leaves［29］.

Oxidative stress is a big problem for the chicken industry in the modern feeding model with largescale and highdensity. The reason for the oxidative stress in body is the excessive accumulation of peroxide (oxygen free radical) in the body, which has surpassed the antioxidant capacity, broken down the balance of oxidationantioxidant and caused the damage in tissue and organ and physiological function in the body, so that it causes the result in the reduction of growth performance［30］. Therefore, the essence of antioxidation is that the free radicals are removed by various antioxidant active substances (such as SOD, glutathione and catalase) continually in the body, so that the body can be protected from the damage of oxidation.

Some Chinese herb medicine additives can improve the oxidation resistance and growth performance of chicken because these herb medicines contain a lot of active substances relative to the antioxidation such as polyphenols, polysaccharides and alkaloids saponins, and these active substances can eliminate or remove oxygen free radicals in the body. For instance, the phenolic substances can release hydrogen ions which can directly eliminate oxygen free radicals, destroy or discontinue the peroxides produced in the oxidation of lipid, so that the reaction of breaking down the lipid into low molecular substances of aldehydes or ketone cannot be continued. These active substances also can effectively improve antioxidant enzyme activity in the body and the content of other antioxidant substances［31］, which can enhance the antioxidant capacity, eliminate oxygen free radicals and other peroxids (such as malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) in the body and improve the growth performance of chickens.

In addition, some antioxidant substances produced in the interaction of antioxidation and oxidation from Chinese herb medicine to the body may be related to the growth performance of chickens, such as glutathione (GSH). Studies have shown that GSH can promote the growth of animals such as finishing pig［32］, sheep［33］and some fishes［34-35］; Wei et al.［36］fed a diet with GSH to yellow feather broilers and resulted in a promotion of growth performance for the chickens; Liu et al.［37］cultured epithelial cells isolated from small intestine of chicken with GSH. The results from the trial showed that GSH can not only significantly improve the proliferation of these cells, but also increase the absorption of glucose and the activity of cytomembrane enzyme. Yang et al.［38］added 0.25% of Picria Feltarrae Lour particle which was made from the Chinese herb Picria Feltarrae Lour in the diet and fed Hongguang Yellow Chickens at the age of 1-49 d. The results showed that the serum content of GSH from the chickens was significantly higher than that from control group at 21 and 35 d during the trial (P<0.05), and the ADG during the corresponding period was also increased by 11.8% (P<0.01) and 7.8% (P<0.05). The ratio of F/G decreased by 7.15% (P<0.01) and 0.8% (P>0.05). The improvement of growth performance of chickens may be related to the increase of serum GSH content, in another word, the increase of serum GSH content may be one of the main reasons to improve the growth performance in the study.

Agricultural Biotechnology2019

Chinese Herb Medicine Promotes the Growth Performance of Chickens by the Improvement of Immunity and Disease Resistance

The decrease of immunity or disease resistance is a crucial factor which affects the health condition and growth performance of chickens. Meanwhile, the feeding model of intensification in large scale and high density or intensity nowadays can cause various kinds of stress which can lead to the serious decline of chicken immunity or disease resistance and affect the growth performance. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the chicken in a good condition in immunity or disease resistance.

Among traditional Chinese herb medicines, many of them have pharmacological effects on fever relieving and detoxifying, tonifying qi and being beneficial to defense of disease, etc., which can improve or enhance immunity and disease resistance of chickens. Modern pharmacological studies have also shown that this kind of Chinese herbal medicine has good function in antisepsis and antiinflammatory, antiviral, antistress and multiple biological effects. For example, Huangshi, dangshen, Angelica, Andrographis, Forsythia, garlic, Banlangen, Honeysuckle and Da qing leaves are included in this kind of herbal medicine.

Jia et al.［39］fed Tibetan chicken in a diet with the additives composed of about 10 kinds of herbal medicines such as A. membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Angelica sinensis, tangerine peel and liquorice. Results from this study showed that it increased the contents of serum immunoglobulin of IgG and IgM (P<0.05) and cytokines of IL2, IL4, and INFγ (P<0.05) obviously. It also elevated the body weight in 6, 12 and 18 weeks (P<0.05) and the ADG (P<0.05), and reduced chickens mortality (P<0.05). Su et al.［40］fed yellow feather broiler in age of 21 d with 3 kinds of formulating prescription of Chinese herbal medicine additives in 0.5% in diet. The results showed when the chicken fed diet with the additive of formula A composed of 13 Chinese herbs including Herba thesii, Cortex phellodendri, hawthorn and Codonopsis pilosula, it significantly increased the thymus and bursa index (P<0.05) of the chickens. The serum immunoglobulin of IgG and IgM and adhesion molecule of CD4 and CD8 were higher (P<0.05) or significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of the control group. The titer of chickens serum Newcastle disease antibody was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). At the same time, the growth performance of the chickens was much better than that of control group. The ADG and FCE were significantly improved (P<0.05). In addition, similar researches and results have also been done and reported by other scholars ［41-44］.

From the research results mentioned above, the diet added Chinese herb medicine additives can not only significantly increase immunity function, but also obviously improve the growth performance of chickens. The reason for these is that the Chinese herb medicines contain different kinds of bioactive substances such as flavonoids, saponins, tea polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, organic acids and plant essential oil. These bioactive substances can promote the development of immune organs, help lymphocyte transformation, improve the phagocytic function of macrophages, enhance cellular and humoral immunity, increase immunity and disease resistance, and eliminate the effect of diseases and other harmful factors on the growth of chickens［45］. They can also enhance the development and immunity of gut, improve intestinal health, and promote the secretion of digestive enzymes［19］, thereby improving feed digestion, utilization efficiency and growth performance of chickens. Consequently, it is very useful for poultry industry to use these kinds of Chinese herb medicine additives.

Summary

The Chinese herb medicines with pharmacological functions of enhancing appetite and digestion can improve feed intake and FCE, and thus can promote growth performance of chickens. Therefore, these kinds of herb medicines should be included in the formulation of herb medicine additives for promoting growth as developed. The herb medicines with functions of antioxidation, antisepsis and antiinflammation can improve the antioxidation ability, immunity and disease resistance, and eliminate disease and adverse factors on chicken growth, thereby improving chicken growth performance. They have great significance in poultry industry currently. Therefore, it is worth to do more research on them.

References

［1］ NING JB, LIANG ZS, CHEN JH, et al. Investigation of resistance to tetracycline and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes of Pullorum Salmonella［J］. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2014, 50(7): 39-41.

［2］ KEMPER N. Veterinary antibiotics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment［J］. Ecological Indicators, 2008, 8(1): 1-13.

［3］ YANG QX, REN SW, PAN F, et al. Distribution of antibioticresistant bacteria in chicken manure and manurefertilized vegetables［J］. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 21(2): 1231-1241.

［4］ CHENG D, WANG JL, ZHOU ZT, et al. Effect of total phenol from Magnolia of ficinalis on growth performance, immunity and antioxidant function of broiler［J］. Feed Research, 2015(15): 1-4.

［5］ HU HY, CHEN DW, YU B, et al. Echinacea and its extract: Modulation and mechanisms on immune function of animals［J］. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(4): 1096-1100.

［6］ YIN JY, HOU MR, WANG Y, et al. Effect of diet with fermentative Astragalus on growth performance and immunity of broiler［J］. China Poultry, 2017, 39(3): 58-61.

［7］ MA ZJ, SHI FY, ZHANG SB, et al. The effect of Chinese herbal medicine additive on growth and survival rate of freerange broiler chicken［J］. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 35(2): 29-31.

［8］ LIU J, ZHU SS, LUO Y, et al. The application overview of Chinese herbal medicine in poultry industry［J］. Chinese Journal of Traditional Veterinary Science, 2013(6):49-52.

［9］ HUANG J, HU QH, REN JY. The effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine additive on production performance and meat quality of AA broiler［J］. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2013(8): 89-91.

［10］ ZHU YM. Research of Chinese herbal medicine additive on the improvement of broiler production performance［J］. Shandong Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2013, 34(2): 7-8.

［11］ YAN XX. The effect of Chinese herbal medicine additive in feed on growth performance of broiler［J］. Feed Industry, 2014, 35(5): 20-22.

［12］ XI JZ, ZHAO C. Effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and meat quality of AA broilers［J］. China Poultry，2015, 37(10): 38-42.

［13］ WANG JL, XU C. The effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and immune of broiler［J］. Feed Research, 2012(1): 24-26.

［14］ LEI XJ, DUAN XW. Effects of Chinese herbal feed additive on growth performance and immune organ index of broiler chickens［J］. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2010, 31(5): 42-44.

［15］ GAO YM, BIAN LQ, LIU XJ. Effect of Chinese herbal compound preparation on growth performance and meat quality of Guixiang Chicken［J］. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 51(3): 72-76.

［16］ MIAO X, GUO ZM. Research of Chinese herbal medicine additive on the effect of growth performance for hybrid broiler［J］. Animal Science Abroad(Pigs and Poultry), 2012, 32(10)：57-59.

［17］ LI NC, JIN MD, WANG JY. The effects of dietary Chinese herbal medicine additive on growth performance and meat quality of Jinghai Yellow Chicken［J］. ChinaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 39(7): 119-122.

［18］ GUO HQ. The Effect of different Chinese herbal medicine additive on production performance of pheasant［J］. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2012(3): 143-144.

［19］ GUO AW, XIONG CM, ZHOU JL, et al. Regulation of poultry gut health by plant extracts and its mechanisms［J］. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(8)：2613-2621.

［20］ JAMROZ D,WILICZKIEWICZ A, WERTELECKI T, et al. Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals［J］. British Poultry Science, 2005,46(4): 485-493.

［21］ MOUNTZOURIS KC, PARASKEVAS V, TSIRTSIKOS P. Assessment of a phytogenic feed additive effect on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal microflora composition［J］. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011, 168(3): 223-231.

［22］ YE HX, WANG FC. Comparative study of antioxidant activities of some medicinal herbs［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Wanli University, 2004, 17(5): 111-113.

［23］ ZHANG XG1, LIU YJ1, CAO XZ, et al. Antioxidant activity of 22 Chinese herbal medicines for anticancer［J］. Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, 2015, 43(5):31-35.

［24］ LIU YP, LIU M, LIU JY, et al. Study on antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicines ［J］. Journal of Yantai University: Natural Science and Engineering, 2000, 13(1): 70-73.

［25］ FU S, XUAN Z, LI HB, et al. Effect of Chinese herbal prescription on production performance and antioxidant activity of broilers［J］. Cereal & Feed Industry, 2016(2): 61-66.

［26］ QIU YL, YU W, WEI BD, et al. The effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality of broiler［J］. Jilin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2017(1): 13-16.

［27］ ZHANG GH, YUE XJ, YU QI, et al. Effects of dietary Astragalus mongholicus and Lactobacillus on growth performance, intestinal microflora and antioxidant ability of Qingjiaoma broilers［J］. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(2)：801-808.

［28］ QIAO HX, SHI HT, SONG YZ, et al. Effects of fermented Astragalus on growth performance and antioxidant function of broilers［J］. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2018,45(3): 705-711.

［29］ ZHU YY, LI XM, SHI Q. Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and antioxidation in yellow broilers from 1 to 42 day of age ［J］. China Feed, 2018(2): 13-18.

［30］ WANG LX, XIE YH, ZHANG GG. Application of phytogenic antioxidants and its mechanisms［J］. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(5): 1481-1488.

［31］ CHENG XY, CUI X, LIU CZ, et al. Recent advances of antioxidant activity of Chinese herbal medicines［J］. Natural Product Research and Development, 2006(18): 514-518.

［32］ ZHENG MQ, YING ZH, CAI ZJ. The using effects of diet with glutathione for finishing pigs［J］. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2009, 41(8): 46-47.

［33］ SONG ZT, JIANG N, ZHANG AZ, et al. The effects of glutathione on growth performance, slaughter traits and mutton quality of mutton sheep［J］. Animal Husbandry＆Veterinary Medicine, 2008, 40(11): 14-17.

［34］ ZHOU TT, CAO JM, HUANG YH, et al. Effects of dietary glutathione on growth performance，tissue biochemical indexes and nonspecific immune related enzymes of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus［J］. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2013, 37(5): 742-750．

［35］ WANG Y, SUN GX, LIU Y, et al. Effects of dietary glutathione on growth and antioxidative capability of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss［J］. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2017, 32(6): 651-657.

［36］ WEI JF, LIU L, FU WL, et al. The Effect of carnosine and GSH on production performance and FT3、FT4、IGF1 content in blood of Yellow broiler ［C］∥Abstract Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on animal physiology and biochemistry. Beijing: Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2004: 90-91.

［37］ LIU L, WEI JF, FU WL, et al. The effect of GSH on the proliferation of isolated culture Intestinal epithelial cells and some parts of characters in the cells from chicken ［C］∥ Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on animal physiology and biochemistry. Beijing: Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2004: 91.

［38］ YANG C, WEI FY , HU TJ, et al. Effect of diet with picria feltarrae lour particle on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes, immune and antioxidant function of Hongguang yellow chicken ［J］. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2019, 39(6):1191-1197.

［39］ JIA YG, WANG J, MA XH. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on performance and immune function in Tibetan chickens ［J］. China Feed, 2018,(8): 61-65.

［40］ SU JL, LIANG ZM, LUO QL, et al. Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and immune function of yellow broiler［J］. Feed Research, 2016(10): 13-17.

［41］ XUE J. The Effect of different particle size of Astragalus powder on growth performance and immune function of broiler［J］. China Poultry, 2015, 37(19): 57-59.

［42］ ZHANG J, YANG LY, BAI WS. Effect of compound Chinese herbal additive on growth performance and immune function of Wuding chicks from Yunnan［J］. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2015(3): 79-81.

［43］ ZHOU Q, YANG JQ, DONG XH, et al. Effects of Chinese herbal formulation on the growth performance, meat quality, immune organ index and intestinal microbiota of broilers［J］. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2017, 38(17): 84-87.

［44］ YANG JP, JI XB, SHI ZF, et al. Effects of extract of Rose Roxburgii Tratt. on growth performance, immune organ index and antioxidation in broilers［J］. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2016, 37(10): 30-33.

［45］ JU XJ, YANG HM, WANG W, et al. Application of Chinese herbal additive in feed for poultry industry［J］. Feed Research, 2014(21): 21-23.